Deck 12: Affective Development

Question 1

In the Charlesworth and Hartup research, four-year-olds gave more positive reinforcements than three-year-olds.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

A child is usually at least six years old before she is able to label emotions such as happy, sad, angry, and scared.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Between the ages of five and seven, children usually begin to understand that death cannot be reversed; that death is inevitable; and that death ends movement, feeling, and thought.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Children who can perceive the thinking of others are more socially competent.

Question 5

The child's understanding of his personal experiences is an important attribute of the theory developed by

A)Sigmund Freud.
B)Carl Rogers.
C)Erik Erikson
D)Lev Vygotsky.

Question 6

Morality is best defined as

A)values and actions.
B)values, judgments, and reasoning.
C)reasoning, thinking, and acting.
D)judgments and values.

Question 7

Piaget believed that through child-child relationships

A)the moral lessons learned from adults can be wiped out if there is no close adult supervision.
B)children have the opportunity to practice autonomous decision making, which can support perspective taking and decentering.
C)autonomous decision making and decentering can be supported under close adult supervision.
D)young children continue to center on their own interests.

Question 8

Participation in an inclusive preschool class helps typical children accept diversity in others.

Question 9

Jamilia and Kate are playing.Jamilia takes Kate's truck.Kate is crying and runs to get her mother.Mother comes in looking angry.She says, "Jamilia, you are a bad girl! Give that truck back to Kate.You go sit on that chair for 10 minutes and then I expect you to come back and play nicely." This discipline approach will certainly help Jamilia to develop better prosocial behavior.

Question 10

Those behaviors that society deems appropriate for males and females are referred to as gender-role standards.

Question 11

Observation of children on playgrounds can provide an advantage for gaining a view of social behavior because

A)children are more likely to be aggressive .
B)the playground offers a more natural and less restrictive context for study.
C)less popular children are more likely to play with others.
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 12

Vygotsky viewed cognition as a social activity.

Question 13

Playing alone that involves playing quietly with objects falls in the category of

A)solitary passive play.
B)solitary active play.
C)reticent behavior.
D)anxious behavior.

Question 14

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is based on the belief that some needs are more basic than others and therefore must be satisfied first.

Question 15

For this theorist, the critical element in relationships is social reciprocity.

A)Lev Vygotsky
B)Albert Bandura
C)Jean Piaget
D)B.F.Skinner

Question 16

Self-concept is the focus of which of the following theorists?

A)Sigmund Freud
B)Carl Rogers
C)Lev Vygotsky
D)Erik Erikson

Question 17

With closer supervision of children's out-of-school activities, children of today do not have the opportunities to engage in the fun and excitement of rough-and-tumble that children of the past had.

Question 18

Peers serve an important function as models for other children.The children most likely to be imitated are those who

A)are warm and rewarding.
B)are attractive and/or have power.
C)the child perceives as being similar to himself.
D)All of the answers are correct.

Question 19

Playing alone involving repeated motor activity with or without objects and/or dramatizing falls in the category of

A)solitary passive play.
B)solitary active play.
C)reticent behavior.
D)anxious behavior.

Question 20

For this theorist, the preschool period is a time when children must deal with the crisis of initiative versus guilt.

A)Sigmund Freud
B)Carl Rogers
C)Lev Vygotsky
D)Erik Erikson

Question 21

Describe how, if you were a teacher, you would work to avoid gender and racial stereotyping in your classroom.

Question 22

Discuss the factors relevant to regulation of emotions.

Question 23

Discuss the factors that appear to promote prosocial behaviors as compared with those factors that promote aggressive and antisocial behaviors.

Question 24

Define self-regulation.

Question 25

Discuss why ego development is important during the period from ages three to six.

Question 26

Describe the sequence that takes place in developing the recognition of emotions.