Deck 12: Adulthood: Body and Mind

Question 1

Approximately 15 percent of U.S. couples are:

A) infertile.
B) celibate.
C) unfaithful.
D) same-sex.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Rita, age 65, began a yoga practice 15 years ago, and enjoys an evening walk through her neighborhood nearly every day. These habits are likely to:

A) lighten her allostatic load.
B) increase her allostatic load.
C) impair her long-term health.
D) improve her mood but have little impact on her long-term health.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

George is 65 years old and is experiencing some symptoms of age-related hearing loss. If he is typical for his age, which sound would be the LEAST audible for him?

A) a low, bass beat
B) music on headphones
C) ringing in the ears
D) the voice of a small child

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Statistically, which female has the MOST acute hearing?

A) Kara Lyn, who is 10 years old
B) Penny, who is 18 years old
C) Edelia, who is 21 years old
D) Roxanna, who is 25 years old

Question 5

Malek is 45 years old. Research indicates that it will take him approximately _____ times as long to impregnate a woman now than it would have when he was 20 years younger.

A) 30
B) 35
C) 40
D) 45

Question 6

Infertility is defined as being unable to conceive after _____ months of trying to get pregnant.

A) 3
B) 6
C) 9
D) 12

Question 7

If he is typical, a 45-year-old man will probably state that he feels _____ his chronological age.

A) significantly older than
B) exactly
C) half
D) 5 to 10 years younger than

Question 8

Before the age of 65, _____ percent of individuals experience significant brain loss.

A) 1
B) 5
C) 8
D) 15

Question 9

Severe brain loss that occurs before late adulthood could be caused by any of these factors EXCEPT:

A) poor circulation.
B) mad cow disease.
C) normal senescence.
D) Alzheimer disease.

Question 10

What are the odds that a person will inherit the dominant gene for Alzheimer disease?

A) 1 in 1000
B) 10 in 1000
C) 50 in 1000
D) 100 in 1000

Question 11

Middle aged men and women in committed, monogamous relationships are MOST likely to be _____ with their sex lives.

A) extremely satisfied
B) satisfied
C) dissatisfied
D) extremely dissatisfied

Question 12

The risk of birth defects and later serious illnesses for _____ newborns is about 3 percent.

A) all
B) multiple (twins, triplets, etc)
C) in vitro fertilized
D) premature

Question 13

Which statement is true for people of both genders as they age?

A) Sexual responses become quicker.
B) The level of sex hormones increases.
C) Reproduction becomes less likely.
D) Fertility is increased.

Question 14

Adulthood covers the four decades of life between ages _____ and _____.

A) 15; 55
B) 25; 65
C) 35; 75
D) 45; 85

Question 15

Once a person has reached adulthood, the vital capacity of his or her lungs drops about 4 percent:

A) each year.
B) every 5 years.
C) each decade.
D) over a lifetime.

Question 16

Which vision change is NOT associated with aging?

A) Night vision declines, making driving at night more dangerous.
B) Nearsightedness increases while farsightedness decreases.
C) Some people who were previously nearsighted can now drive without glasses.
D) Peripheral vision decreases before frontal vision.

Question 17

In approximately _____ of cases, the cause of a couple's infertility can be traced to the man.

A) one-third
B) one-half
C) two-thirds
D) three-quarters

Question 18

Obesity and weight-related medical problems are primarily reflective of which process?

A) homeostasis
B) allostasis
C) organ reserve
D) senescence

Question 19

During the past 40 years, advances in medicine have solved about half of all:

A) age-related diseases.
B) fertility problems.
C) sexually transmitted infections.
D) birth control side effects.

Question 20

In an aging brain:

A) neurons fire faster.
B) reaction time lengthens.
C) brain size increases.
D) multitasking becomes easier.

Question 21

The term "male menopause" is sometimes used to refer to:

A) the sudden loss in fertility in a middle-aged man.
B) the sudden drop in testosterone that generally occurs at about age 50.
C) the age-related reduction in testosterone.
D) impotence as a reaction to a wife's menopause.

Question 22

The many changes of menopause are caused by reduced:

A) estrogen.
B) lipids.
C) protein.
D) calcium.

Question 23

All smoking diseases are:

A) dose and duration sensitive.
B) decreasing worldwide.
C) destructive only to the lungs and respiratory system.
D) less likely to affect African Americans.

Question 24

Examining worldwide trends in smoking shows that smoking:

A) is increasing worldwide, including in North America.
B) is a habit for one-third of the adults in Greece and Turkey.
C) trends have remained the same for the past 10 years.
D) is low in males from China and India.

Question 25

Difficulty in performing normal activities of daily life because of a "physical, mental, or emotional condition" is called:

A) mortality.
B) morbidity.
C) vitality.
D) disability.

Question 26

The measure of health MOST indicative of the quality of one's daily life is:

A) disability.
B) vitality.
C) morbidity.
D) freedom from mental illness.

Question 27

A group of friends, all about 60 years of age, are playing cards. What characteristic of senescence do they MOST likely have in common?

A) They are unable to drive.
B) Their faces have wrinkles.
C) They wear hearing aids.
D) They are nearsighted.

Question 28

In middle adulthood, a person is MOST apt to lose:

A) a significant amount of weight.
B) nearly an inch in height.
C) the ability to run more than a mile.
D) the ability to experience orgasm.

Question 29

Which statement about hormone replacement therapy is true?

A) It involves replacing testosterone that naturally declines with age.
B) Research on its use has yielded consistent findings.
C) Some findings may have been affected by SES.
D) It increases the risk of osteoporosis.

Question 30

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) involves taking:

A) calcium supplements.
B) estrogen and progesterone.
C) long baths to alleviate the stress of menopause.
D) testosterone.

Question 31

Considering the psychological causes discussed in the text, the man LEAST likely to experience "male menopause" is:

A) Hank, who is 50 and recently has been laid off.
B) Carlos, who is 48 and having marital problems.
C) Mark, who is 47 and recovering from a serious heart attack.
D) Bob, who is 55 and has decided to retire early.

Question 32

The diseases and chronic conditions associated with aging:

A) are inevitable, regardless of lifestyle.
B) may be slightly modified by lifestyle.
C) may have delayed onset due to lifestyle.
D) may be strongly affected by lifestyle.

Question 33

What global trend is evident with regards to alcohol?

A) Affluent countries have more abstainers and abusers.
B) Affluent countries have more heavy drinkers.
C) Poor countries have more abstainers and abusers.
D) Poor countries have more moderate drinkers

Question 34

The average age of menopause is about _____ years.

A) 40
B) 45
C) 51
D) 60

Question 35

A researcher is compiling data on the incidence of several different diseases. These data reflect:

A) mortality.
B) morbidity.
C) disability.
D) vitality.

Question 36

The first visible signs of senescence are usually observed in a person's:

A) gait.
B) posture.
C) skin.
D) eyes.

Question 37

Women experience menopause; men experience:

A) testeropause.
B) libidopause.
C) andropause.
D) spermatopause.

Question 38

Which physical change does NOT typically occur in middle adulthood?

A) Hair thins and some gray hairs start to show.
B) Skin-especially on the face-has lines or wrinkles.
C) Muscles weaken and waistline widens.
D) The space between the spinal disks widens.

Question 39

At a recent physical exam, Janet was told that she is an inch shorter than she was five years ago at age 50. What caused her decrease in height?

A) hereditary height shrinkage
B) lack of calcium in her diet
C) age-related compression of the spine
D) effects of medication

Question 40

A drop in sex hormones in a woman's bloodstream along with cessation of ovulation and menstruation signals:

A) menopause.
B) andropause.
C) cancer.
D) a need for assisted reproductive technology.

Question 41

With which coping style do people try to attack a stressor in some way?

A) emotion-focused
B) problem-focused
C) weathering
D) ignoring-retreating

Question 42

Jim, who was 60, couldn't understand why he kept slowly gaining weight. He wasn't eating any more than usual, and he maintained his regular exercise routine. What explains his weight gain?

A) His metabolism slowed down by a third between emerging and late adulthood.
B) His intake of water was insufficient, so it was water weight gain.
C) He really wasn't gaining weight; his height was decreasing.
D) He took medication that increased his appetite.

Question 43

Implementation is quitting a habit according to plan. When is implementation most successful?

A) doing it on one's own
B) not telling anyone of the date or the plan for change
C) tackling one habit at a time
D) when in denial that there is a problem

Question 44

As Tom helped himself to a fourth beer, he announced to everyone at the barbecue that alcohol is healthy in moderation. How does the text define "moderation"?

A) one drink per day
B) two drinks per day
C) three drinks per day
D) three drinks per week

Question 45

Regular exercise helps adults in all these ways EXCEPT:

A) negating the impact of tobacco use.
B) reducing the risk of depression.
C) protecting against many diseases.
D) strengthening the heart.

Question 46

If a person is experiencing several stressors and the person's organ reserve is depleted, the physiological toll of those stressors can:

A) boost the immune system.
B) decrease blood pressure.
C) speed up the heart.
D) produce long, deep sleeps.

Question 47

Currently in the United States, _____ percent of adults are overweight.

A) 33
B) 50
C) 65
D) 75

Question 48

Janyce, a 50-year-old woman, has several stressors in her life, so she turns to her friends in order to deal with the pressure. Which statement BEST explains the physiological phenomenon associated with her method of coping?

A) She is reacting in a "fight-or-flight" manner, experiencing a rise and then fall in testosterone levels.
B) She is suppressing justifiable feelings, and thus may be at greater risk for an early death.
C) She is arranging her life in order to minimize stressors, and thus is experiencing reduced stress.
D) Her body is producing oxytocin, a hormone that encourages caring interactions.

Question 49

Research studies on alcohol use have shown that:

A) alcohol use of any kind is dangerous to health.
B) alcohol raises levels of "bad" cholesterol in the blood.
C) moderate use of alcohol may increase longevity.
D) alcohol abuse is most common during adolescence.

Question 50

In which coping style do people try to change their attitude about a stressor?

A) emotion-focused
B) problem-focused
C) weathering
D) ignoring-retreating

Question 51

In the United States, after age 35 a person's life span increases _____ years for each year of education.

A) 1.1
B) 1.4
C) 1.7
D) 2.3

Question 52

What is one crucial factor for success at the implementation stage of breaking a habit?

A) social support
B) trying to tackle more than one habit at a time
C) breaking the habit on one's own
D) not telling anyone of the date or the plan for change

Question 53

What percentage of adults in the United States and England get at least 30 minutes per day of exercise?

A) more than 80
B) less than 1
C) more than 40
D) less than 5

Question 54

In middle adulthood, an individual is considered obese who:

A) snacks several times a day.
B) has a BMI of 30 or more.
C) consumes foods that are high in cholesterol.
D) diets often, but always gains back the weight.

Question 55

Lena wants began a plan to quit smoking shortly before losing her job. However, in the midst of the financial and personal turmoil of her job loss, she abandoned her efforts and bought more cigarettes. This is an example of:

A) attention myopia.
B) implementation.
C) poor planning.
D) motivational forgetting.

Question 56

What is the term for the phenomenon that happens when a person's resolve to break a habit fades when faced with stress?

A) attention myopia
B) stressor
C) allostatic load
D) motivational forgetting

Question 57

Researchers on obesity agree that during middle age:

A) every extra pound is a health hazard.
B) it is okay to be overweight as long as one is not obese.
C) metabolism slows down by about a third.
D) adults need to consume more calories than emerging adults do.

Question 58

Which country has experienced a doubling of its diabetes rate in the past 4 decades?

A) the United States.
B) Mexico.
C) the United Kingdom.
D) Canada.

Question 59

Which statement about gastric bypass surgery in obese adults is FALSE?

A) Death rates without it are higher for morbidly obese adults.
B) About 25 percent of patients will require additional surgery.
C) Such surgery decreases the need for life-changing habits.
D) The surgery causes dramatic weight loss.

Question 60

One of the effects of moderate drinking is:

A) a reduction in coronary heart disease.
B) increased risk of breast cancer.
C) increased risk of liver disease.
D) premature death.

Question 61

Diseases of affluence:

A) are now more common among the poor.
B) have been described as obesity-related.
C) have been linked with prescription drug use.
D) no longer include diabetes.

Question 62

Alicia, who is 31, arrived in the United States 6 months ago. She was accompanied by her daughter Maricela, age 8, and her mother, Rosita, age 55. They joined Danilo (Maricela's father) who has lived in the United States for the past 2 years. Statistically, which family member is at greatest risk for obesity?

A) Alicia
B) Maricela
C) Dan
D) Rosita

Question 63

Fluid intelligence includes:

A) a knowledge of geographical facts.
B) the speed of processing mathematical information.
C) the size of one's science vocabulary.
D) the ability to recognize and name famous paintings.

Question 64

The research design that involves testing groups of subjects of different ages multiple times and comparing their scores with their own scores in previous periods in addition to the scores of new groups of adults of the same ages is called:

A) longitudinal or long-term research.
B) cross-sectional research.
C) retesting research.
D) cross-sequential research.

Question 65

In comparing individuals from the same ethnic groups, immigrants are statistically _____ than native- born individuals.

A) healthier and wealthier
B) healthier and poorer
C) less healthy and poorer
D) less healthy but wealthier

Question 66

Which factor is NOT part of the hypothesis about why low SES is associated with poor health habits?

A) the poor are less aware of their health issues
B) poorer individuals live in polluted areas
C) poor health habits are adopted to deal with stress
D) the poor experience less stress

Question 67

Schaie's cross-sequential research on intellectual development demonstrated that:

A) there is a decline in most abilities after age 30.
B) individuals improve in most mental abilities during adulthood.
C) cohort differences make it appear that older people are more intelligent than younger people.
D) women are smarter than men.

Question 68

Research that analyzes the cognitive development of the same individuals as they develop over the years is called:

A) cross-sectional research.
B) representative samples.
C) longitudinal research.
D) sequential research.

Question 69

In the United States, _____ women are MOST apt to die from breast cancer, though the exact reasons why are unknown.

A) Caucasian
B) African American
C) Chinese American
D) Native American

Question 70

The Flynn effect refers to the:

A) rise in an individual's IQ over the years.
B) decrease in an individual's IQ over the years.
C) rise in average IQ over the generations.
D) decrease in average IQ over the generations.

Question 71

A problem with cross-sectional research is that:

A) cohort differences can make it difficult to differentiate between developmental change and contextual differences.
B) retesting leads older subjects to do better.
C) the most intelligent people are most likely to drop out of the study.
D) the results tend not to be worth the large investment.

Question 72

Which psychologist proposed the existence of g?

A) Spearman
B) Thurstone
C) Gardner
D) Sternberg

Question 73

The Flynn effect is MOST likely due to changes in:

A) test-taking strategies.
B) electronic media.
C) people's reaction time.
D) nutrition, education, and health.

Question 74

The two researchers who concluded that fluid and crystallized intelligence are the most crucial aspects of intelligence were:

A) Bayley and Oden.
B) Cattell and Horn.
C) Jones and Conrad.
D) Sternberg and Gardner.

Question 75

Which statement does NOT describe the effect of SES upon a person's life span?

A) Those with higher levels of education tend to live longer than those with less.
B) In the United States, the difference in life span between those with the lowest and the highest SES is about 30 years.
C) The impact of SES on life span is decreasing in the U.S.
D) Better income may result in better medical care.

Question 76

A psychologist who is studying the mathematical abilities of adults finds significant differences between the scores of adults born 50 years ago, when rote learning was stressed, and those born 25 years ago, when more "progressive" approaches to education were popular. This is an example of a(n):

A) failure of longitudinal research.
B) advantage of cross-sectional research.
C) cohort difference.
D) intellectual decline in middle adulthood.

Question 77

The basic intelligence that makes learning quick and thorough is referred to as _____ intelligence.

A) fluid
B) crystallized
C) practical
D) creative

Question 78

The Wilson family is having a big reunion and four generations of Wilsons are expected to attend. Applying the Flynn effect to this family, we would expect that:

A) the first generation of Wilsons would score the highest on a standard IQ test.
B) the fourth generation of Wilsons would score the highest on a standard IQ test.
C) the second and third generations of Wilsons would score similarly on a standard IQ test.
D) all four generations would score similarly on a standard IQ test.

Question 79

The term g refers to:

A) grand intelligence.
B) general intelligence.
C) great intelligence.
D) gross intelligence.

Question 80

Which statement about fluid intelligence is true?

A) It is the accumulation of facts.
B) It is quick and flexible.
C) It includes long-term memory for dates in history.
D) It includes the size of one's vocabulary.