Deck 11: Emerging Adulthood: Body, Mind, and Social World

Question 1

About _____ percent of females with AIDS contracted it through rape.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 20
D) 50

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which behavior is NOT due to the risk taking so common in emerging adulthood?

A) joining the Peace Corps
B) enlisting in the army
C) avoiding contact sports
D) moving away to college

Answer 2

C

Question 3

About _____ percent of all new cases of STIs worldwide occur in people under the age of 26.

A) 10
B) 25
C) 50
D) 75.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Generally, early adulthood is characterized by _____ health.

A) optimal
B) failing
C) slowly improving
D) fair to poor

Question 5

Joya is 22 years old. Statistically, she is MOST likely to:

A) smoke cigarettes.
B) binge drink.
C) use illegal drugs.
D) be an addict.

Question 6

Which statement about emerging adults is true around the world?

A) They are marrying later than their parents did only in the United States and Europe.
B) Their college graduation rates are about 75 percent.
C) They have more years of education and marry later than their parents did.
D) They are marrying at younger ages than their parents did.

Question 7

About one-fourth of emerging adults believe that living together before marriage is bad for society, but over half of _____ do.

A) married people
B) older adults
C) children
D) teenagers

Question 8

Low birth weight, undernutrition in infancy, and rapid weight gain in early childhood are associated with _____ in emerging adulthood.

A) risk-taking behaviors
B) psychopathology
C) a higher risk of disease
D) asthma

Question 9

Risk taking during early adulthood:

A) is usually beneficial to society.
B) is usually harmful to society.
C) rarely has an effect on society.
D) may benefit or harm society.

Question 10

A person between the ages of 18 and 25 is entering a stage developmentalists call:

A) adulthood.
B) emerging adulthood.
C) post-adolescence.
D) young adulthood.

Question 11

Emerging adulthood has traditionally been the optimal time for hard physical work, athletic achievement, and:

A) job success.
B) relationship satisfaction.
C) peer relationships.
D) childbearing.

Question 12

A vector is:

A) a person who dies from a disease.
B) a type of sexually transmitted disease.
C) a person who spreads a disease.
D) someone who has a communicable illness.

Question 13

Delilah is currently a 22-year-old college student. Like most of her peers she believes that premarital sex is:

A) okay if you plan to get married.
B) wrong.
C) acceptable.
D) very risky.

Question 14

Claudia lives in the United States. She began using an IUD at age 18 but became pregnant and had her first baby. Claudia's case is:

A) typical of a first pregnancy in the United States.
B) an illustration of the high failure rate of IUDs.
C) atypical because IUDs rarely fail.
D) atypical because she is 18 years old.

Question 15

Many emerging adults want to engage in sexual activity but know that they are not emotionally ready to be parents. Their solution is:

A) cohabitation.
B) monogamy.
C) contraception.
D) early marriage.

Question 16

Which phenomenon has contributed to the worldwide spread of sexually transmitted infections?

A) serial monogamy
B) easy international travel
C) localized prostitution
D) modern contraception

Question 17

During emerging adulthood, all body systems function:

A) poorly.
B) optimally.
C) to the same as those of adolescents.
D) to the same as those of middle-aged adults.

Question 18

Largely due to the sexual activities of young adults, _____ has become a worldwide epidemic in the past 20 years.

A) premarital sex
B) HIV
C) teenage pregnancy
D) contraception

Question 19

Which statement is false about people between the ages of 18 and 25?

A) Death from disease at this age is rare.
B) Some people outgrow childhood ailments like asthma at this age.
C) Diet and exercise practices tend to improve during this time period.
D) They undergo routine diagnostic tests such as colonoscopies.

Question 20

With regard to modern contraception, _____ has a failure rate of about 1 in 400 women.

A) the pill
B) the hormone implant
C) the condom
D) abstinence

Question 21

Grant is a fun-loving, intelligent, responsible teenager who likes to dye his hair different colors. However, he is concerned that other people might construe his hair color as a reflection of poor academic achievement. His concern is an example of:

A) cognitive flexibility.
B) effortful control.
C) postconventional thinking.
D) stereotype threat.

Question 22

Most contemporary cognitive scientists _____ Piaget's last stage of cognitive development (formal operational).

A) agree with
B) seek to replicate
C) find fault with
D) base their research on

Question 23

Jackson is experiencing stereotype threat. Research indicates its effects can be reduced by:

A) convincing Jackson that his achievement depends on hard work.
B) raising Jackson's self-esteem through positive feedback.
C) showing Jackson that other groups perform worse.
D) giving Jackson additional tutoring in material he finds challenging.

Question 24

In the stereotype-threat study in which college students were taught about intelligence research, which group showed the most improvement in attitudes about academic achievement and grades?

A) European American students who were taught that intelligence is plastic.
B) African American students who were taught that intelligence is plastic.
C) European American students who were taught about multiple intelligences.
D) African American students who were taught about multiple intelligences.

Question 25

Emerging adults are in a high-risk category for:

A) serious injury and violent death.
B) complications from surgery.
C) age discrimination.
D) infertility.

Question 26

Statistically, which of these 20-year-olds would be the most likely to engage in extreme drinking?

A) Henry, who did not go to college and works full- time
B) Stanley, who is a college junior
C) Hillary, who graduated from college ten years ago
D) Jessica, who did not go to college and works part- time

Question 27

A possible fifth stage of cognitive development that characterizes adult thinking is:

A) preformal thought.
B) semiformal thought.
C) informal thought.
D) postformal thought.

Question 28

Some researchers believe there is a fifth stage of cognition called postformal thought, which is characterized by:

A) analytic thinking.
B) problem solving.
C) problem finding.
D) intuition.

Question 29

In late adolescence and emerging adulthood, people are able to use both emotion and logic when grappling with personal and social problems; such thinking demonstrates _____ thought.

A) postformal
B) informal
C) preformal
D) nonformal

Question 30

Which continues to improve in MOST people beyond the age of emerging adulthood whether or not they go to college?

A) analytic thought
B) intuitive thought
C) hypothetical thought
D) social understanding

Question 31

A shift from "problem solving" to "problem finding" reflects the development of:

A) stereotype threat.
B) postformal thought.
C) vocational identity.
D) massification.

Question 32

Which statement made by a teacher is MOST likely to activate stereotype threat?

A) "This exam will show what you have learned in this chapter."
B) "This exam counts 30 percent towards your final grade."
C) "Your grade on this exam will show the amount of effort you've put into the class."
D) "This exam will show which gender has better grammatical skills."

Question 33

Identify the possible reaction to stereotype threat.

A) the high school drop-out rate for African American males
B) young girls' preferences for playing with dolls over trucks
C) married couples' arguments about money
D) college students' practice of referring to professors by their last names

Question 34

The possibility that one's appearance or behavior will be misused to confirm another person's oversimplified, prejudiced attitude is referred to as:

A) overcompensation.
B) dialectical thought.
C) stereotype threat.
D) disidentification.

Question 35

Shaun has just taken a position as a nurse in the emergency room at a local hospital. He is likely to notice:

A) an absence of young adults in the emergency room.
B) young adults who do not respond to typical doses of medications.
C) young adults with a variety of injuries.
D) young adults suffering from heart disease, cancer, and stroke.

Question 36

According to theory of stereotype threat, thinking that one may be negatively compared to another group is MOST apt to:

A) cause one to try harder.
B) have no effect on one.
C) cause one to underperform.
D) cause one to dislike that group.

Question 37

According to Labouvie-Vief, _____ describes the cognitive development of the emerging adult.

A) critical, emotional thinking
B) logical thinking without emotion
C) complex, integrated, logical thinking
D) hypothetical logic

Question 38

Using a drug in a quantity or a manner that harms physical, cognitive, or psychosocial well-being is called drug:

A) abuse.
B) use.
C) addiction.
D) dependence.

Question 39

A longitudinal study showed that recent college graduates _____ in critical thinking, analysis, and communication as compared to graduates twenty years ago.

A) performed equally well
B) made half the growth
C) made twice the growth
D) did not improve

Question 40

On average, emerging adults today show _____ compared to older adults.

A) implicit signs of prejudice
B) unconscious tolerance
C) increased stereotyping
D) less prejudice overall

Question 41

Approximately what percentage of 18 to 25 year olds in the United States and Canada are of African, Latino, Asian, or Native American descent?

A) 10
B) 40
C) 80
D) 50

Question 42

Compared to individuals without a college education, those with a college education tend to be:

A) healthier and wealthier.
B) more intelligent.
C) married.
D) more likely to smoke.

Question 43

A longitudinal study done by Arum and colleagues on a cross-section of U.S. college students found that students' cognitive growth was _____ that of college students 20 years ago.

A) half of
B) comparable to
C) twice
D) three times

Question 44

Professor Mtukudzi finished school in 1960 and loved his experience. He is MOST apt to believe the reason for a student to attend college should be to increase the student's:

A) earning potential.
B) personal and intellectual growth.
C) specific skills and knowledge.
D) social skills.

Question 45

According to Perry's research, the first phase of college students' thinking is:

A) questioning personal and social values.
B) believing in the existence of absolute right and wrong.
C) carefully considering many opposing ideas.
D) becoming committed to a set of personal values.

Question 46

Jordan is a freshman in college and is at the very beginning of Perry's scheme of cognitive development. He believes that:

A) everyone has the right to his or her own opinion.
B) authorities know what is right.
C) authorities don't know everything.
D) everything is relative.

Question 47

The term massification means that:

A) college gives people better long-term health.
B) mass practice can defeat stereotype threat.
C) obesity increases for every year of education a person has.
D) college could benefit everyone.

Question 48

Compared to 1970, today's college population in developed countries worldwide:

A) has a larger proportion of males.
B) is more diverse.
C) includes more liberal arts majors.
D) has fewer minority students.

Question 49

Genevieve is about to complete her bachelor's degree. If she is typical, once she is established in her career she will earn approximately _____ more per year than a peer without a college degree.

A) $10,000
B) $15,000
C) $20,000
D) $30,000

Question 50

Between the ages of 18 and 27, the average adult in the United States:

A) buys a first house.
B) has had eight jobs.
C) has had two or three children.
D) has a 20 percent chance of divorce.

Question 51

What is decreasing in the U.S. higher education system?

A) the number of part-time students
B) the number of students from non-European backgrounds
C) the number of students over the age of 24
D) the number of single-sex campuses

Question 52

According to the 2011 research conducted by Pryor et al, the number one reason more than 9 out of 10 U.S. students cite for selecting a major is based on:

A) gaining career training.
B) getting a better job.
C) preparing for graduate school.
D) becoming more cultured.

Question 53

Erikson's fifth stage of development is:

A) integrity vs. despair.
B) initiative vs. guilt.
C) identity vs. role confusion.
D) industry vs. inferiority.

Question 54

The people MOST apt to become postformal thinkers are those who:

A) do not go to college.
B) attend college part time after emerging adulthooB.
C) attend universities instead of community colleges.
D) have friends from diverse backgrounds.

Question 55

The recent effort by countries around the world to increase the number of young people attending college is prompted by national governments' belief in:

A) stereotype threat.
B) moratorium.
C) massification.
D) linked lives.

Question 56

In almost every developed nation today, it is true that _____ are college students.

A) more females than males
B) more males than females
C) an equal number of males and females
D) more middle aged adults than emerging adults

Question 57

Research indicates that if a person wants to increase his or her critical thinking ability in college, that person should take a:

A) a business class heavy on statistics.
B) a philosophy class graded with multiple-choice exams.
C) a biology class requiring lots of memorization.
D) a sociology class that requires lots of reading and writing.

Question 58

Compared to college students 30 years ago, more students today are:

A) seeking a well-rounded education.
B) interested in gaining critical thinking skills.
C) focusing on career preparation.
D) majoring in liberal arts.

Question 59

Which statement is true?

A) The increased diversity of the college atmosphere encourages cognitive development.
B) A college education had more positive effects on cognitive development in the past than today.
C) Since many students drop out of college, estimating the effect of college education on cognitive development is complicated.
D) Diversity has decreased the long-term effects of a college education

Question 60

Perry found that over the four years of their college careers, students typically:

A) move from a relativistic to a dualistic approach.
B) change their viewpoints very little.
C) stick to their own views when faced with conflicts.
D) move through nine levels of complexity in their thinking

Question 61

The decrease of marriage during emerging adulthood in recent years:

A) shows that people today need less face-to-face intimacy.
B) has been accompanied by an increase in cohabitation.
C) shows that this generation has attachment issues.
D) has been accompanied by an increase in birth rate.

Question 62

Janel is a 19-year-old who has developed a fear of interacting with people, particularly in crowded or unfamiliar settings. She has been diagnosed with:

A) schizophrenia.
B) emerging adulthood.
C) social phobia.
D) plasticity.

Question 63

The onset of _____ peaks around age 21, with men more likely to develop the disorder than women.

A) schizophrenia
B) post-traumatic stress disorder
C) anxiety
D) bipolar

Question 64

Talal is 23 and works in an entry-level sales position at a local company. If he is typical, in the next few years, he will:

A) change jobs more than once.
B) stay with his current company for decades.
C) change jobs only if he gets laid off.
D) remain in his entry-level position long- term.

Question 65

Akila loves to theorize about how the physical world works. She believes there are advanced civilizations on other planets. According to John Holland's six categories of people, she is MOST likely in the _____ category.

A) enterprising
B) investigative
C) realistic
D) artistic

Question 66

Recent research suggests that commitment to one career may _____ compared to vocational flexibility.

A) lead to more wealth
B) increase vocational success
C) restrict vocational success
D) lead to job security

Question 67

EJ attends community college working on a degree in automotive technology. He plans to take a series of rigorous national exams in order to become a master technician. According to John Holland's six categories of people, EJ is MOST likely in the _____ category.

A) enterprising
B) investigative
C) realistic
D) conventional

Question 68

Statistically, which statement regarding emerging adults is true?

A) Due to the new challenges and stressors that they face, their self-esteem tends to drop initially and then rise again in later adulthood.
B) Their self-esteem often takes a dramatic dip immediately after they leave home but begins to rise again after a few years.
C) In spite of the new challenges and stressors that they face, their self-esteem is higher than earlier and continues to rise throughout emerging adulthood.
D) Their self-esteem will fluctuate as they work through the new challenges and stressors of adulthood.

Question 69

According to research, who is MOST likely to experience the greatest gain in well-being during emerging adulthood?

A) Kaitlyn, who lives with her parents
B) Eric, who lives in a dorm
C) Leah, who just had a baby boy and is caring for him on her own
D) Derrick, who lives with his parents and siblings

Question 70

Which is generally the most fluid during emerging adulthood?

A) one's gender identity
B) one's political identity
C) one's vocational identity
D) one's religious identity

Question 71

During emerging adulthood, self-esteem and happiness _____ for most people.

A) decrease
B) increase
C) stay the same
D) fluctuate

Question 72

Which statement about personality in emerging adulthood is true?

A) After the age of 12, personality is pretty much static.
B) Personality is flexible and subject to change throughout life.
C) College success can improve one's personality.
D) Personality rarely changes after adolescence.

Question 73

According to one study (Asendorf et al., 2008), which personality traits were still evident in individual emerging adults after first being observed in them at the age of 4?

A) habituation
B) aggressiveness
C) happiness
D) compulsiveness

Question 74

In a study of Hispanic college students, those who most likely to maintain their ethnic identity, deflect stereotype threat, and be good students were those who:

A) assimilated.
B) were isolated.
C) were alienated.
D) resisted alienation and assimilation.

Question 75

Dimitri, age 26, is studying to take the CPA exam in order to become a certified public accountant. According to John Holland's six categories of people, Dimitri is MOST likely in the _____ category.

A) enterprising
B) investigative
C) realistic
D) conventional

Question 76

Raul's family maintains a strong ethnic identity. To increase his chances of doing well in college he should:

A) assimilate with non-Hispanic students.
B) hide his ethnic identity and attempt to blend in.
C) remain alienated from non-Hispanic students.
D) resist both assimilation and alienation.

Question 77

On average, well-being increases in emerging adulthood, as does the incidence of:

A) night terrors.
B) physical ailments.
C) vivid dreams.
D) psychological disorders.

Question 78

Personality is plastic, but a person's personality will be affected lifelong by::

A) economic upswings and downturns.
B) career and partner choice.
C) new friends' viewpoints.
D) childhood experiences.

Question 79

Intimacy is the desire for:

A) social connection.
B) generativity.
C) sexual intercourse.
D) self-esteem.

Question 80

Joel was a very aggressive 4-year-old boy. During emerging adulthood, he is MOST likely to:

A) drop out of school.
B) be arrested.
C) have no friends.
D) find no vocation.