Deck 15: Immune Problems

Question 1

The joint warmth found in patients who have rheumatoid arthritis is caused by:

A)muscular atrophy.
B)pain fibers in the joint capsule.
C)synovial fluid accumulation.
D)synovial inflammation.

Answer 1

synovial inflammation.

Question 2

The best way to treat a patient experiencing tachycardia as a result of a radiocontrast media reaction is:

A)atropine.
B)epinephrine.
C)inhaled beta agonists.
D)to treat hypotension.

Answer 2

to treat hypotension.

Question 3

The pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress as a result of transfusion-related acute lung injury is:

A)neutrophil activation by antibodies in donor plasma against antigens on the recipient's leukocytes with plasma leak into alveoli.
B)Reaction of antibodies in donor plasma against recipient leukocytes.
C)reaction of antibodies in donor plasma against recipient leukocytes.
D)release of macrophages in donor plasma against recipient leukocytes.

Answer 3

neutrophil activation by antibodies in donor plasma against antigens on the recipient's leukocytes with plasma leak into alveoli.

Question 4

There are seven diagnostic criteria for rheumatoid arthritis. How many of these criteria must be present for a diagnosis?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 5

Which treatment is not recommended for dyspnea, wheezing, and cyanosis associated with anaphylaxis?

A)Diphenhydramine
B)Epinephrine
C)Inhaled beta agonists
D)Oxygen

Question 6

What percentage of people infected with HIV are coinfected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), usually because of shared epidemiological risk factors?

A)10%-30%
B)30%-50%
C)50%-70%
D)70%-90%

Question 7

Systemic lupus erythematosus is most common in which population?

A)Men aged 15-40
B)Men aged 40-65
C)Women aged 15-40
D)Women aged 40-65

Question 8

A patient's immune response involves the interplay between cytokine, T and B lymphocytes, mast cells, macrophages, basophils, and which immunoglobin?

A)IgA
B)IgD
C)IgE
D)IgG

Question 9

What is the most common systemic autoimmune disease in the United States?

A)Herpes simplex
B)HIV/AIDS
C)Rheumatoid arthritis
D)Systemic lupus erythematosus

Question 10

Which of the following is not a systemic autoimmune disorder?

A)Goodpasture's syndrome
B)Guillain-Barré syndrome
C)Multiple sclerosis
D)Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 11

Advanced HIV disease, or AIDS, is defined by the CDC as the presence of an opportunistic infection (OI), HIV-related malignancy, or wasting syndrome and/or a CD4 count less than:

A)100 cells/mm³.
B)200 cells/mm³.
C)300 cells/mm³.
D)400 cells/mm³.

Question 12

Most nonimmunological transfusion complications occur in which type of patient?

A)Patients with HIV/AIDS
B)Patients who require repeated transfusions
C)Patients who made autologous blood donations
D)Patients who have gone into anaphylaxis

Question 13

What is the goal of therapy for a patient having an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction?

A)Rid the patient of the incompatible blood.
B)Achieve and maintain adequate blood pressure and renal perfusion.
C)Stop hemolysis.
D)Give the patient compatible blood.

Question 14

According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), what percentage of people infected with HIV do not know their HIV status?

A)10%
B)15%
C)20%
D)25%

Question 15

Which period after exposure to HIV offers a small window in which transmission can be averted through the use of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP)?

A)24 hours
B)48 hours
C)72 hours
D)96 hours

Question 16

Globally, what percentage of HIV-positive people are women?

A)20%
B)30%
C)40%
D)50%

Question 17

What is the most common cardiovascular effect of rheumatoid arthritis?

A)Coronary artery disease
B)Deep vein thrombosis
C)Myocarditis
D)Pericarditis