Deck 4: Children with Learning Disabilities

Question 1

Repeated experiences of failure and frustration can lead to ________________ in a new situation,even when the situation is not a stressful one.

A) memory failure
B) anticipatory anxiety
C) social anxiety
D) memory anxiety

Answer 1

B

Question 2

James is distractable,cannot sustain attention long enough to learn,and cannot direct himself purposefully.He may have

A) a memory disorder.
B) a perceptual-motor disorder.
C) an academic disorder.
D) an attention disorder.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Sensory integration involves

A) the student's ability to listen and take notes during class.
B) the ability to use two or more senses simultaneously and smoothly.
C) blend auditory perception and tactile actions.
D) All of these.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is an academic learning disability?

A) An attention disorder
B) A reading problem
C) A perceptual-motor disorder
D) A memory deficit

Question 5

Sally forgets the directions and steps for solving a math problem as she is working the problem.She has a deficit in

A) long-term memory.
B) megacognition.
C) short-term memory.
D) working memory.

Question 6

IDEA 2004 added an alternative method to evaluate children with a learning disability.The new method examines how the child responds to scientific,research-based intervention.This new method is called the

A) Discrepancy Approach.
B) Response to Intervention Approach.
C) Neurological Approach.
D) ITPA Approach.

Question 7

Which of the following is most frequently postulated as a cause of learning disabilities?

A) A problem related to how individuals process information at the neurological level
B) An exogenous problem probably associated with negative environmental influences
C) Problems in family communication patterns
D) Problems with a child's ability to perceive visual information

Question 8

John has a problem with figure-ground,closure,and spatial relationships.He is experiencing a problem in

A) megacognitive processes.
B) visual perception.
C) auditory perception.
D) sensory integration.

Question 9

Dyslexia is a problem in the area of

A) social skills.
B) math calculations.
C) language.
D) spatial relationships.

Question 10

According to the 28th Annual Report to Congress,the prevalence rate for learning disabilities in individuals ages 6-21 was

A) 2.5 percent.
B) 4.2 percent.
C) 6.4 percent.
D) 11.5 percent.

Question 11

Delays in information processing might contribute to learning disabilities because

A) children with auditory delays cannot answer questions rapidly in class.
B) if information takes longer to get into short-term memory, it may not get into long-term memory.
C) delays in information processing allow too much information to be received by the brain.
D) children with visual delays cannot take notes in class.

Question 12

According to the US.Department of Education,2006,Learning disabilities makes up approximately ________ percent of all students with disabilities.

A) 10
B) 25
C) 44
D) 64

Question 13

The key components of a RTI model include

A) an intervening hierarchy, standard protocol, collaborative problem solving, and progress monitoring.
B) visual perception, auditory perception, tactile perception, and sensory integration.
C) assessment, orientation, tutoring, and progress evaluation.
D) metacognition, social learning, cognitive restructuring, and social skills training.

Question 14

Deep processing of information

A) is not necessary to understand information so that it can be used in meaningful ways.
B) transforms the information to "make it ours."
C) includes only evaluative thinking.
D) is not a problem for children with learning disabilities.

Question 15

Six-year-old Jackie has been classified as dyslexic.She is likely to have difficulties

A) with her speech.
B) nonverbal problem solving.
C) single-word decoding.
D) motor skills.

Question 16

Which of the following is not an example of a language-based disorder?

A) Listening and speaking
B) Phonological mastery and word recognition
C) Reading, spelling, and writing
D) Fine motor skills

Question 17

Which of the following researchers coined the term learning disabilities in 1962?

A) Orton
B) Kirk
C) Myklebust
D) Frostig

Question 18

The Federal Register's definition of learning disabilities presumes that such a disability is a result of

A) a problem with a basic psychological process.
B) environmental, cultural, or economic disadvantages.
C) intellectual or developmental delay.
D) visual handicaps.

Question 19

The four major components of the Information Processing Model are

A) cognition, processing, metacognition, and attention.
B) input, processing, output, and memory.
C) input, processing, output, and the executive processing.
D) social learning, emotional context, attention, and sensory integration.

Question 20

Learning disabilities may manifest themselves in a child's imperfect ability to do which of the following?

A) Listen
B) Think
C) Speak
D) All of these.

Question 21

Memory that can hold large amounts of information for a very short period of time,2-3 seconds is called

A) motor memory.
B) short-term memory.
C) sensory memory.
D) semantic memory.

Question 22

Learning disabilities may be a result of

A) neurological differences.
B) genetics.
C) environmental factors.
D) All of these.

Question 23

DSM-IV requires that the symptoms of inattention,hyperactivity and impulsivity must be be persisted for at least ______ months in order to diagnose AD/HD.

A) 3
B) 6
C) 9
D) Time is not a criterion, just the intensity of the symptoms.

Question 24

________________ is a specific language-based disorder characterized by difficulties in single-word decoding.

A) Dyslexia
B) Aphasia
C) Dysnomia
D) Dysgraphia

Question 25

The "wait-to-fail" model

A) is one of the components of the RTI model.
B) waits until the gap between IQ and achievement is wide enough to be noticeable.
C) helps to identify children with ADHD.
D) helps the child get services quickly.

Question 26

The ability to recall whole scenes from our past is called

A) semantic memory.
B) episodic memory.
C) motor memory.
D) working memory.

Question 27

The general classroom teacher works collaboratively with a specialist to design and implement _________ interventions of the RTI model.

A) Tier I
B) Tier II
C) Tier III
D) Tier IV

Question 28

The Federal Register (2004)includes all of the following disorders to be within the specific learning disability definition except for

A) perceptual disabilities.
B) behavior disabilities.
C) developmental aphasia.
D) dyslexia.

Question 29

The RTI approach

A) provides instruction only for students with learning disabilities during transitional periods.
B) is the only assessment technique included in IDEA for diagnosing children with learning disabilities.
C) allows for early intervention based on the child's needs.
D) can only be evaluated by a school psychologist.

Question 30

_____________ is the storage of concepts,words,symbols,and generalization.

A) Episodic memory
B) Semantic memory
C) Mnemonic memory
D) Motor memory

Question 31

The most common indicator of learning disabilities in elementary-age children is

A) a problem in learning arithmetic.
B) failure to read.
C) handwriting difficulty.
D) a spelling problem.

Question 32

The failure to produce visible,understandable,and legible language reflecting the individual's knowledge of a topic is known as

A) dyslexia.
B) aphasia.
C) dysnomia.
D) dysgraphia.

Question 33

The Response to Intervention (RTI)approach

A) is a way to identify and serve children with learning disabilities.
B) is focused on prereferral prevention and intervention.
C) is based on how a child responds to scientific, research-based intervention.
D) All of these.

Question 34

Difficulties in attention,impulsivity,and overactivity are characteristic of

A) academic-achievement learning disabilities.
B) ADHD.
C) linguistic learning disabilities.
D) dyslexia.

Question 35

The identification of learning disabilities is

A) a simple process involving the administration of two tests.
B) easy, because only a school psychologists is involved.
C) required by the parents.
D) difficult, requiring the participation of a team of many different professionals.

Question 36

Riding a bicycle or playing the piano are examples of

A) semantic memory.
B) episodic memory.
C) motor memory.
D) working memory.

Question 37

Many children with learning disabilities show a discrepancy between abilities or between potential and achievement.Which of the following best illustrates such a discrepancy?

A) An 8-year-old with a below-average IQ score has mastered only first-grade vocabulary and reads 2 years below grade level.
B) An adolescent scores in the below-average range on an IQ test and averages 2.5 years below grade level in academic achievement.
C) A fifth grader reads at the fourth grade level and scored on the above average range on an IQ test.
D) A child has difficulty remembering what is presented visually or orally.

Question 38

Talking excessively is an example of

A) hyperactivity.
B) dysgraphia.
C) inattention.
D) dyslexia.

Question 39

A mnemonic is used to

A) help remember ideas or words.
B) improve students' writing and spelling skills.
C) teach vocabulary to students with learning disabilities.
D) test students' thinking ability.

Question 40

Dysgraphia is

A) a difficulty with numbers.
B) a diagnostic-prescriptive strategy.
C) a mnemonic device.
D) a difficulty with handwriting.

Question 41

_______ can occur in new situation,after repeated experiences of failure and frustration.

A) Attention disorder
B) CAPD
C) Anticipatory anxiety
D) Memory loss

Question 42

There is a particular distinction between families of children with learning disabilities and families of children with other disabilities because

A) learning disabilities are not as severe as other disabilities.
B) families of students with learning disabilities don't usually need assistance in working with their child.
C) learning disabilities develop later in life and problems can emerge before the learning disability is identified.
D) families of students with learning disabilities are usually not involved in their child's educational program.

Question 43

"Once you've learned to ride a bike,you never forget." This is an example of

A) working memory.
B) motor memory.
C) short-term memory.
D) episodic memory.

Question 44

IDEA 2004 added an alternative method to evaluate children with a learning disability.This is called

A) Social skills approach.
B) Discrepancy approach.
C) Response to Intervention approach.
D) IPM approach.

Question 45

The ability to think about our own thinking and to monitor its effectiveness is called

A) social learning.
B) cognitive learning.
C) cognition.
D) metacognition.

Question 46

John is distractible and can not sustain attention for long enough to learn.He may have a/n

A) attention disorder.
B) writing problem.
C) number deficit.
D) social deficit.

Question 47

Andrew is a student who is reported to be "twice exceptional." This indicates that he can be labeled both

A) learning disabled and language impaired.
B) gifted and learning disabled.
C) learning disabled with EBD.
D) deficits in both reading and math.

Question 48

A problem with word retrieval and speech fluency is called

A) dysgraphia.
B) developmental aphasia.
C) apaxia.
D) aphonia.

Question 49

Most students with learning disabilities are served

A) in resource rooms.
B) in self-contained special education classrooms.
C) in general education classrooms without modifications.
D) in general education classrooms with appropriate modifications.

Question 50

An example of heightened sensitivity that can affect an area of functioning is

A) sensory responsiveness.
B) auditory integration.
C) tactile defensiveness.
D) proprioception.

Question 51

A student that has difficulty recognizing the differences between the letter groups,a/u,n/h,a/g,t/f and i/l,will have a visual processing problem that affects

A) visual rotations.
B) closure.
C) mirror images.
D) figure ground.

Question 52

Within the Information Processing Model,the context of an emotional environment

A) is not considered important.
B) is a critical mediator for how students with learning disabilities process information.
C) is only considered for students with ADHD.
D) is only considered when analyzing the output process.

Question 53

Learning Disabilities is a

A) sensory disorder.
B) behavioral disorder.
C) discrete disorder.
D) neuropsychological disorder.

Question 54

The general education classroom is the primary prevention and intervention site for all students.This statement would be an example of which level of the RTI hierarchy?

A) Tier I
B) Tier II
C) Tier III
D) Tier IV

Question 55

A model for organizing intervention strategies from least to most intensive is called

A) intervening hierarchy.
B) metacognition.
C) discrepancy model.
D) IPM.

Question 56

Oversensitivity to sensory input is called

A) overselectivity.
B) central processing difficulties.
C) heightened sensitivity..
D) dyslexia.

Question 57

Intervention strategies which research has demonstrated to be effective are called

A) evidence-based interventions.
B) extrinsic interventions.
C) cooperative learning.
D) PBS.

Question 58

The ability to use two or more senses simultaneously is called

A) executive function.
B) metacognition.
C) blended practices.
D) sensory integration.

Question 59

The process that includes continuous monitoring of thoughts,speech,and actions to accomplish goals is called

A) the feedback system.
B) self-regulatory skills.
C) the multisensory approach.
D) sensory integration.

Question 60

A problem with figure-ground,closure and spatial relationships is a problem in

A) visual perception.
B) fine-motor perception.
C) metacognition.
D) sensory integration.

Question 61

Prevalence figures are suspected of being inaccurate because

A) there are difficulties and inconsistencies in definitions from state to state.
B) schools do not submit accurate counts to the state departments.
C) parents do not desire to reveal their child's disability.
D) not all students with learning disabilities are served in special education settings.

Question 62

Match each statement to the item listed below.
a.Anticipatory anxiety
b.Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
c.Auditory perception
d.Collaborative problem solving
e.Dysgraphia
f.Dyslexia
g.Evidence-based interventions
h.Episodic memory
i.Heightened sensitivity
The ability to detect sound and interpret its meaning.

Question 63

Match each statement to the item listed below.
a.Anticipatory anxiety
b.Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
c.Auditory perception
d.Collaborative problem solving
e.Dysgraphia
f.Dyslexia
g.Evidence-based interventions
h.Episodic memory
i.Heightened sensitivity
Educational services,treatments,and practices that have support for their effectiveness from research findings.

Question 64

Match each statement to the item listed below.
a.Anticipatory anxiety
b.Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
c.Auditory perception
d.Collaborative problem solving
e.Dysgraphia
f.Dyslexia
g.Evidence-based interventions
h.Episodic memory
i.Heightened sensitivity
A technique involving a multidisciplinary team working with parents to design services that address the students' needs.

Question 65

The Response to Intervention approach is usually build on _____ tiers of support

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 66

Match each statement to the item listed below.
a.Anticipatory anxiety
b.Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
c.Auditory perception
d.Collaborative problem solving
e.Dysgraphia
f.Dyslexia
g.Evidence-based interventions
h.Episodic memory
i.Heightened sensitivity
The inability to perform the motor movements required for writing,or extremely poor handwriting.

Question 67

Differentiate between poor academic performance and learning disabilities.

Question 68

What does the term "agraphia" refer to?

A) A mathematics disorder
B) A spelling disorder
C) A writing disorder
D) A reading disorder

Question 69

The most common indicator of learning disabilities in elementary-age children is a problem in learning arithmetic.

Question 70

Episodic memory is the ability to recall whole scenes or episodes from our past.

Question 71

Match each statement to the item listed below.
a.Anticipatory anxiety
b.Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
c.Auditory perception
d.Collaborative problem solving
e.Dysgraphia
f.Dyslexia
g.Evidence-based interventions
h.Episodic memory
i.Heightened sensitivity
A severe reading disability involving difficulties understanding the relationship between sounds and letters.

Question 72

Match each statement to the item listed below.
a.Anticipatory anxiety
b.Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
c.Auditory perception
d.Collaborative problem solving
e.Dysgraphia
f.Dyslexia
g.Evidence-based interventions
h.Episodic memory
i.Heightened sensitivity
Hyperarousal that occurs in response to specific sensory inputs.

Question 73

Discuss the term "unexplained underachiever" and how underachievement in general is different from a learning disability.

Question 74

Match each statement to the item listed below.
a.Anticipatory anxiety
b.Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
c.Auditory perception
d.Collaborative problem solving
e.Dysgraphia
f.Dyslexia
g.Evidence-based interventions
h.Episodic memory
i.Heightened sensitivity
A disorder that is associated with inattention and impulsivity.

Question 75

Match each statement to the item listed below.
a.Anticipatory anxiety
b.Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
c.Auditory perception
d.Collaborative problem solving
e.Dysgraphia
f.Dyslexia
g.Evidence-based interventions
h.Episodic memory
i.Heightened sensitivity
The ability to recall whole scenes or episodes from our past.

Question 76

Match each statement to the item listed below.
a.Anticipatory anxiety
b.Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
c.Auditory perception
d.Collaborative problem solving
e.Dysgraphia
f.Dyslexia
g.Evidence-based interventions
h.Episodic memory
i.Heightened sensitivity
A type of anxiety that occurs in new situations after a person has had repeated experiences of failure and frustration.

Question 77

Discuss the difference between the discrepancy model and the Response to Intervention model in diagnosing a child with a learning disability.