Deck 11: Early Medieval Europe

Question 1

Irish or Celtic stone crosses are identifiable by which of the following?

A) four arms of equal length
B) a circle intersecting the cross arms
C) extra top slanting bar
D) combination swastika symbolizing the four directions

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What do the doors of St.Michael at Hildesheim illustrate?

A) the Old Testament
B) the New Testament
C) Original Sin and Redemption
D) The Passion

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The symbol of Matthew from the Book of Durrow shows frontal head,profile feet,and a cloak and frame that resemble contemporaneous cloisonné metalwork.Which of the following statements explains this work?

A) wedding the abstraction of Late Roman adornment and Early Christian pictorial imagery
B) wedding the abstraction of Early Medieval adornment and Early Christian pictorial imagery
C) wedding the abstraction of Early Christian adornment and Late Roman pictorial imagery
D) wedding the abstraction of Byzantine adornment and Early Christian pictorial imagery

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Two silver spoons,"Saulos" and "Paulos," Paul's names before and after baptism,were discovered as part of the Sutton Hoo burial.What might be alluded from these spoons?

A) They were part of the ritual burial ceremony.
B) The owner 's conversion to Christianity.
C) The owner's need for utilitarian objects.
D) They were left as gifts.

Question 5

The Sutton Hoo purse has two groupings each of a man standing between two lions.This can also be found in what earlier culture?

A) Sumer
B) Classical Greece
C) Etruscans
D) Late Roman Empire

Question 6

In the later Middle Ages religious books were created for the private devotions of the laity. They were based on readers used by the monks.These books contained prayers to be
Read at specific times during the day,they were popularly known as _________________.

A) Books of Devotions
B) Books of Sacramentaries
C) Books of Hours
D) Books of Benedictionals

Question 7

Elaborately decorated Merovingian fibulae have been excavated from graves.Based on this it can be said these small objects are __________________.

A) emblems of prestige
B) simple jewelry
C) strictly utilitarian
D) holy objects

Question 8

It has been said that the author-portrait of St,Matthew from the Lindisfarne Gospels shows classical influences.What supports this statement?

A) The figure is seated as an imperial emperor.
B) The figure is seated as an adjudicating senator.
C) The figure is seated as a philosopher or poet reading or writing.
D) The figure is seated as an imperial judge.

Question 9

Which group of barbarian invaders became firmly established in regions known today as France,Switzerland,the Netherlands,and parts of Germany?

A) Visigoths
B) Huns
C) Lombards
D) Franks

Question 10

What manuscript is commonly considered the greatest achievement in Hiberno-Saxon art?

A) Book of Durrow
B) Book of Lindisfarne
C) Book of Alciun
D) Book of Kells

Question 11

The Lindau Gospels book cover displays an amalgamation of tradition and style.Which of the following describes that cmbination?

A) The work highlights the Byzantine tradition and Utrecht Psalter style.
B) The work highlights the Early Christian tradition and Utrecht Psalter style.
C) The work highlights the Early Christian tradition and Coronation Gospels style.
D) The work highlights the Byzantine tradition and Ebbo Gospels style.

Question 12

Equestrian statues were reminders of Rome's glory.Charlemagne returned Rome after his coronation with an equestrian statue of Theodoric.Which statue served as the ultimate model for such equestrian portraits?

A) Marcus Aurelius
B) Alexander the Great
C) Justinian
D) Julius Caesar

Question 13

The Ostrogoth,Theodoric,established his kingdom in ___________.

A) Italy
B) Germany
C) Yugoslavia
D) Italy

Question 14

Historians once referred to the Middle Ages roughly 400-1400 as the ______________.

A) reign of Barbarian Terror
B) Dark Ages
C) rise of the Papacy
D) Age of Enlightenment

Question 15

Early 11th Century England was briefly part of what empire?

A) Merovingian
B) Carolingian
C) Danish
D) Celtic

Question 16

What area of Western Europe was never colonized by Rome?

A) England
B) France
C) Ireland
D) Spain

Question 17

The alternate support system is first found in the architecture of which period?

A) Merovingian
B) Early Christian
C) Carolingian
D) Ottonian

Question 18

The Ebbo Gospels represent a new Carolingian vernacular.Which of the following describes the new Carolingian style?

A) translated a classical prototype
B) translated a Byzantine prototype
C) translated a Hiberno-Saxon prototype
D) translated a Merovingian prototype

Question 19

Scholars thought of the long interval from classical antiquity to the beginning of the modern European world as ________________________.

A) rough and uncivilized
B) polished and sophisticated
C) rigid and dogmatic
D) formal and polite

Question 20

What church plan was used as the model for the palace chapel at Aachen?

A) Old St. Peter's
B) Santa Sabina
C) Hagia Sophia
D) San Vitale

Question 21

The primary sacred text was the Bible,consisting of the Old Testament originally written in Hebrew and the New Testament written in Greek.In what language is the Vulgate version of the Bible written?

A) entirely in Greek
B) Old German
C) Latin
D) Archaic English

Question 22

In which way did the three-aisled basilica for the Monastery of St.Gall differ from its Early Christian prototypes?

A) It had a second apse on the west end
B) It had a choir between crossing and apse
C) It had integrated towers
D) It had procession of transepts

Question 23

The style of the Gospel Book of Otto III can best be described as ________________.

A) abstract interlace
B) antique illusionism
C) Byzantine formalism
D) Carolingian formalism

Question 24

Why is the date,Christmas Day,800 significant?

Question 25

Later church architecture adopted heavy square piers alternating with columns,dividing the nave into vertical units and mitigating the tunnel-like horizontality of Early Christian basilicas.This system is known as _________________.

A) revived Romanism
B) modular
C) alternate support
D) Middle Byzantine

Question 26

The Carolingian architectural plan that demonstrated the beginnings of the modular system was found in ___________.

A) the Monastery of St. Gall
B) the abbey church of Centula
C) Saint Michael's at Hildesheim
D) St.-Riquier

Question 27

The ________________ burial epitomizes the early medieval tradition of burying great lords with rich furnishings.

A) Sutton Hoo
B) Lindisfarne
C) Centula
D)Suffolk

Question 28

What was the primary vehicle used in the Christianization of the British Isles?

A) Roman manuscripts
B) reliquaries
C) liturgical books
D) oral tradition

Question 29

It has been said that Bernward's doors are instruments that detail Original Sin and Redemption by juxtaposing these two concepts side by side.Which juxtaposed panels from the doors would support this?

A) The Great Flood and the Crucifixion
B) The Sacrifice of Isaac and the Nativity
C) The Prodigal Son and the Baptism of Christ
D) The Fall and the Crucifixion

Question 30

The Utrecht Psalter is most closely related to which of the following?

A) Book of Lindisfarne
B) Ebbo Gospels
C) Gospel Book of Otto III
D) Bishop Bernward Gospels

Question 31

The abbey church at Hildesheim has a double-transept plan that creates eastern and western centers of gravity.The lateral entrances on the north and south aisles further disrupt the traditional basilican plan.What model might have been used for this church?

A) Basilica of Constantine
B) Basilica Ulpia
C) Aula Palatina Basilica
D) Basilica Trajan

Question 32

Briefly describe and explain the juxtaposition of Old and New Testament scenes of the Bernward Doors from St.Michael at Hildesheim

Question 33

It has been said that Charlemagne was a man of great energy and learning,a strong patron of the arts,and a sincere admirer of classical culture.Which of the following do later generations owe to Charlemagne's patronage?

A) the restoration of the classical sculptural tradition
B) the copying of important Early Christian texts
C) the restoration of the Late Imperial Roman Empire
B) the copying of important classical texts

Question 34

Early Medieval burial traditions were recorded in the __________________.

A) Book of Durrow
B) Lindisfarne Gospels
C) Book of Doom
D) Saga of Beowulf

Question 35

Who was a major force in the revival of the Classical style in early medieval times?
A) Louis the Pious

A) Charlemagne
B) Bernward of Hildesheim
D) Otto III

Question 36

Which of the following manuscripts showed the greatest influence of Roman illusionism?

A) Utrecht Psalter
B) Coronation Gospels
C) Lindisfarne Gospels
D) Gospel Book of Otto III

Question 37

What is the significance of the term "holy" when applied to Roman Emperor?

Question 38

Explain the importance of Uta Codex.

Question 39

Contrast the Lindau Gospels book cover and the Gero Crucifix.

Question 40

_________________ was a possible model for Bernward's column because the narrative reads from top to bottom.

A) Marcus Aurelius's Column
B) Justinian's Column
C) Trajan's Column
D) Constantine's Column

Question 41

Explain the fusion of Christianity,the Greco-Roman heritage,and the cultures of the Barbarians.What effect did this fusion had on the visual arts of the early Middle Ages? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 42

Briefly describe a cross-inscribed carpet page from the Lindisfarne Gospels.What does it show?

Question 43

Describe and explain the interaction of Roman illusionism with Barbarian linear decoration in manuscript illumination of the early Middle Ages.Use examples to support your essay.

Question 44

Critically evaluate the bronze doors of the abbey church at Hildesheim.How did they revive a monumental sculptural tradition? What religious and philosophical components went into the iconographic program? What outside influences are also reflected in these doors?

Question 45

Evaluate the development of architecture during the Carolingian period.What changes occurred? How were they initiated,and what outside influences impacted these changes? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 46

Compare and contrast Carolingian and Ottonian architecture.Consider the development and evolution in architectural styles and attendant sculptural programs. Use specific examples to support your essay.

Question 47

Interpret the portrait of Otto III from the Gospel Book of Otto III.

Question 48

The portrait of St.Matthew from the Lindisfarne Gospels describes the union of Early Medieval Christian art and thought.Briefly explain that union.

Question 49

Explain the plan for the monastery at St.Gall

Question 50

Briefly describe the contributions of the Iona monks.

Question 51

Compare and contrast the art patronage of Charlemagne and Otto III.What outside factors or sources influenced each man? How did these influences reflect each man and his role as art patron? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 52

Who was Alciun of York and what was his contribution to art history of this period?

Question 53

Discuss the development of manuscript painting.Include in your essay the monasteries that produced these manuscripts.How did they differ from monastery to monastery? What elements are indigenous and what influences came from outside contacts or sources? Use examples to support your essay.

Question 54

Compare and contrast the Utrecht Psalter with the Lectionary of Henry II.Discuss the subject and the execution.Also consider the period of each work as well as the individual patron of each work.

Question 55

Evaluate the importance of Bishop Bernward of Hildesheim to the development of Ottonian art.

Question 56

Compare and contrast the Book of Durrow with the Coronation Gospels.How does each work represent its environment? How does each work reflect its period and the changes in manuscript illumination,if any?

Question 57

The Book of Durrow has pages devoted to pure embellishment with neither text nor illustration.Why is this significant?

Question 58

How has scholars' interpretation and labeling of the period known as the "Middle Ages" changed?

Question 59

Early medieval civilization in Western Europe represents a fusion of which cultures?