Deck 10: Clinical Assessment, Mental Health, and Mental Disorders

Question 1

The MMSE, a useful screening measure for cognitive impairment, is one example of a mental status exam.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Lewy bodies are abnormal accumulations of beta-amyloid proteins in brain tissue.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The progression of Alzheimer's disease is usually faster when the onset is later in life.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Autosomal dominant inheritance patterns are those that involve only one gene from the father or mother in order to cause a trait or condition to develop.

Question 5

People in different ethnic groups have different ways of describing how they feel and, as a result, may describe symptoms of mental disorders differently.

Question 6

Psychological effects of loss are the most common basis for depression.

Question 7

Loose associations are a symptom of dementia.

Question 8

Electro-convulsive shock therapy is most often applied to patients suffering from delirium.

Question 9

In healthy people, the rate of severe depression increases from young adulthood to old age.

Question 10

Neurological changes, chronic diseases, and other ailments can change behavior. These are called biosocial forces.

Question 11

Using the developmental forces perspective, the genetic component of Alzheimer's disease would be classified as

A) an interpersonal factor.
B) a psychological factor.
C) a biological factor.
D) a life-cycle factor.

Question 12

Adult day care is most often used by caregivers who work.

Question 13

One useful way to conceptualize family caregiving, such as caring for a relative with Alzheimer's, is by thinking of it as an unexpected career..

Question 14

Ethnic differences in women's rates of depression have been found in Korea.

Question 15

The neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which regulates arousal and alertness, may be responsible for the feelings of fatigue associated with depression.

Question 16

Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior involves teaching persons with Alzheimer's disease to remember new information by gradually increasing the time between retrieval attempts.

Question 17

Rates for depression tend to be higher in African American older adults than for other groups of older ethnic adults.

Question 18

An accurate assessment of abnormality in behavior must take into consideration the context in which the behavior occurs.

Question 19

If clinicians and physicians hold negative or positive biases about individuals in certain groups, these can get in the way of obtaining an accurate assessment of a patient's problems.

Question 20

Angela's memory is assessed by looking at the results of an fMRI scan. This method of assessment is called performance-based assessment.

Question 21

According to developmental theory, it is important that clinicians

A) are sensitive to developmental differences in people as they age.
B) identify psychotherapy methods that work with all ages.
C) only work with one age group.
D) examine each individual with life review therapy.

Question 22

In defining psychopathology in older adults, it is important to take into account not only the person's age and personal characteristics but also the

A) testing situation.
B) intrapersonal factors.
C) context.
D) life-cycle factors.

Question 23

Therapy for mental disorders generally involves two approaches: medical treatment and

A) hospitalization.
B) medication.
C) psychotherapy.
D) institutionalization.

Question 24

The areas of the brain most affected by cell death are the

A) hippocampus, the cortex, and the basal forebrain.
B) hypothalamus, hind brain, and the hippocampus.
C) the hind, brain, the cortex, and the cerebellum.
D) the basal forebrain, the hypothalamus, and the cerebellum.

Question 25

Which of the following is not a microscopic change used to define Alzheimer's disease at autopsy?

A) neurofibrillary tangles
B) choline acetyltransferase decline
C) rapid cell death
D) neuritic plaques

Question 26

An example of a mental status exam is

A) MMSE.
B) NEO.
C) MMPI.
D) CPI.

Question 27

Which of the following diseases is an autosomal dominant disorder that generally manifests itself through involuntary flicking of the arms and legs and can include psychological disturbances such as hallucinations and paranoia?

A) Huntington's disease
B) Alzheimer's disease
C) Schmidt's disease
D) Wernicke-Korsakoff disease

Question 28

Which of the following is not used in diagnosing depression?

A) dysphoria
B) length of time symptoms have been present
C) excessive worry
D) physical symptoms

Question 29

All of the following are psychophysiological measures except

A) electroencephalograms.
B) heart rate.
C) respiration rate.
D) skin temperature.

Question 30

Which disorder is characterized by periods of depression and mania?

A) schizophrenia
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder
C) multiple personality disorder
D) bipolar disorder

Question 31

About one-third of cases of __________ are preventable.

A) depression
B) delirium
C) dementia
D) bipolar disorder

Question 32

A definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease depends on

A) a mental status exam.
B) CT and PET scans.
C) a very thorough battery of assessments.
D) genetic screening.

Question 33

__________ are the most widely used assessment methods.

A) Direct observations
B) Clinical interviews
C) Neuropsychological assessments
D) Performance-based assessments

Question 34

All of the following are characteristics of the Geriatric Depression Scale except

A) omitting physical symptoms.
B) it uses a response format that is easier for older adults to follow.
C) it reduces the age-related symptom bias.
D) it uses easier vocabulary that older adults can understand.

Question 35

The goals for adult day care include all of the following except

A) delaying institutionalization.
B) encouraging socialization.
C) reducing rates of depression in caregivers.
D) enhancing self-esteem.

Question 36

Insomnia, diffuse pain, changes in appetite, headaches, and fatigue are common physical symptoms that can accompany

A) delirium.
B) clinical depression.
C) excessive worry.
D) substance abuse problems.

Question 37

Damaged and dying neurons that collect around a core of amyloid protein produce

A) neurofibrillary tangles.
B) granulovacuolar bodies.
C) synaptic nodes.
D) neuritic plaques.

Question 38

A belief that an older adult is cute and could not possibly abuse drugs may cause a doctor to not diagnose or misdiagnose a drug problem. This is an example of

A) a positive environmental condition.
B) a negative environmental condition.
C) a positive bias.
D) a negative bias.

Question 39

If there are higher rates of depression in the relatives of depressed people than would be expected given the base rates in the population, then this argues for a __________ cause of depression.

A) biological
B) social
C) cultural
D) psychological

Question 40

Tina is demonstrating dysphoria, a common symptom of depression. Dysphoria is characterized as

A) being pessimistic.
B) feeling down or blue.
C) restlessness.
D) being irritable.

Question 41

The two groups of drugs for Alzheimer's disease that are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration are cholinesterase inhibitors and

A) SSRIs.
B) MAO inhibitors.
C) lithium.
D) memantine.

Question 42

Another name for AIDS dementia complex is

A) autosomal dementia.
B) HIV-associated encephalopathy.
C) viral-based dementia (VBD).
D) levodopa-based dementia.

Question 43

The most important difficulty in using depression assessment measures with older adults is that most measures have been developed on younger individuals and they include items assessing

A) physical symptoms.
B) sexual behavior.
C) substance use.
D) family relationships.

Question 44

A major problem in assessing depression in older adults is

A) deciding which test to use among the many valid ones available.
B) most tests were developed on young and middle-aged adults and work best with those age groups.
C) testing has been outlawed in many countries.
D) the lack of any differences between older and younger adults' scores.

Question 45

Which of the following behaviors may be considered abnormal in younger adults but may be considered adaptive in older adults?

A) passivity
B) paranoia
C) autonomy
D) hostility

Question 46

Impaired awareness of self and surroundings, attention deficits, disorientation, and a rapid change in symptoms and their severity are characteristic of

A) Alzheimer's disease.
B) Huntington's disease.
C) delusions.
D) delirium.

Question 47

For older adults, the clear treatment of choice for anxiety disorders is

A) medications such as benzodiazepines.
B) psychotherapy such as relaxation techniques.
C) medications such as SSRIs.
D) life review therapies.

Question 48

Males who are ________________are more likely to ___________ than are women.

A) emotionally well adjusted; be financially successful
B) depressed; seek help
C) emotionally well adjusted; be married.
D) depressed; commit suicide

Question 49

A community study in Korea and an examination of records in a day hospital in Italy both lend support for the idea that there are __________ differences in the prevalence of mental disorders such as depression.

A) income
B) education
C) racial
D) gender

Question 50

which is often conducted by a team of professionals, is the most effective type of assessment.

A) A holistic approach
B) Multidimensional assessment
C) Neuropsychological testing
D) Life-review assessment

Question 51

Establishing whether a particular therapeutic approach is effective is based on _______________ and ______________.

A) research; clinical evidence
B) client ratings; perceptions of family members
C) observation; self-reports from clinicians
D) anecdotal evidence; indirect measures

Question 52

One of the most difficult issues Alzheimer's patient care providers face concerns

A) taking tasks away from the affected person.
B) managing the finances of the affected person.
C) maintaining personal attachment to the affected person.
D) working on memory strategies with the affected person.

Question 53

The drug(s) of choice to treat bipolar disorder is/are

A) heterocyclic antidepressants.
B) lithium.
C) ECT.
D) MAO inhibitors.

Question 54

If dementia occurs within about one year of the onset of Parkinson's disease, the diagnosis is

A) vascular dementia.
B) Huntington's disease.
C) Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.
D) dementia with Lewy bodies.

Question 55

__________ are useful quick screening measures of mental competence.

A) Life skills exams
B) Multidimensional assessments
C) Neuropsychological assessments
D) Mental status exams

Question 56

For which group is ECT not recommended?

A) people whose depression has lasted a long time
B) people who are suicidal
C) people with mild depression
D) people who do not respond to medications

Question 57

__________ is characterized by behavioral and cognitive deficits that involve permanent damage to the brain.

A) Depression
B) Dementia
C) Delirium
D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 58

Which of the following is primarily designed to allow caregivers to get away?

A) milieu therapy
B) respite care
C) adult day care
D) stress relief care

Question 59

The most promising work relating to the genetic causes of Alzheimer's disease has focused on

A) chromosome 14.
B) Down syndrome.
C) beta-amyloid protein.
D) types of neurotransmitters involved.

Question 60

__________ occur when the fibers of the axon become twisted together.

A) Neurofibrillary tangles
B) Granulovacuolar bodies
C) Synaptic nodes
D) Neuritic plaques

Question 61

A type of therapy that emphasizes increasing the number of rewards or reinforcements people receive from their environment is

A) psychoanalytic therapy.
B) behavioral therapy.
C) cognitive therapy.
D) drug therapy.

Question 62

Changes in the brain of a person with Alzheimer's disease may be

A) an exaggeration of normal aging.
B) a qualitatively different from normal aging.
C) similar to other forms of dementia.
D) similar to changes due to Huntington's disease.

Question 63

__________ refers to behavioral symptoms of Alzheimer's disease tending to be worse in the evening than in the morning.

A) Sunrising
B) Sundowning
C) Evening dominance
D) Positive symptom pattern

Question 64

An example of a developmental difference associated with psychological forces includes how

A) young adults have faster reflexes than older adults.
B) young adults are more likely to be expanding their network of friends, whereas older adults are more likely to experience losses.
C) young adults have better hearing than older adults.
D) young adults in developing countries on average have less education than adults in developed countries.

Question 65

The most common drug(s) used to treat depression are

A) SSRIs.
B) lithium.
C) ECTs.
D) MAO inhibitors.

Question 66

The formal process of measuring, understanding, and predicting behavior is known as

A) a life-course review.
B) assessment.
C) examination of available resources.
D) psychological testing.

Question 67

Dixie believes that people are spying on her and that she talks to the president when she is at the laundromat. Dixie is exhibiting hallmarks of which disorder?

A) schizophrenia
B) multiple personality
C) Huntington's disease
D) anxiety

Question 68

The symptoms of Alzheimer's disease include

A) declines in memory.
B) difficulty in finding words.
C) changes in personality.
D) all of these are correct

Question 69

Dementia is

A) a specific disease.
B) a family of diseases.
C) an inherited disease.
D) a reversible disease.

Question 70

Because lithium is a salt, it raises blood pressure. Thus, it is dangerous for people who

A) have hypertension or kidney disease.
B) experience high rates of anxiety.
C) take SSRIs.
D) have certain types of cancers.

Question 71

A form of dementia brought on by multiple infarcts or strokes is known as

A) Pick's disease.
B) AIDS disease.
C) vascular dementia.
D) Huntington's disease.

Question 72

What do early-onset Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease have in common?

A) pattern of neurological changes
B) autosomal dominant pattern of genetic transmission
C) age of onset
D) types of neurotransmitters involved

Question 73

Having an older adult demonstrate an ability on a specific task is an example of a

A) direct observation.
B) clinical interview.
C) neuropsychological assessment.
D) performance-based assessment.

Question 74

Believing that depression involves internal belief systems characterizes

A) cognitive theories.
B) biological theories.
C) psychoanalytic theories.
D) biosocial theories.

Question 75

Which of the following may have a sudden onset after a CVA? Its progression is described as stepwise and highly variable across people.

A) Parkinson's disease
B) AIDS dementia complex
C) vascular dementia
D) Alzheimer's disease

Question 76

Forms of dementia include all of the following except

A) Parkinson's disease.
B) Huntington's disease.
C) Farber's disease.
D) Lewy body.

Question 77

Compared with younger adults, the rate of clinical depression in older adults is

A) higher.
B) lower.
C) the same.
D) unknown.

Question 78

Because customs differ across cultures, behavior that may be normative in one culture may be indicative of problems in another. This points to the importance of understanding __________ when defining psychopathology.

A) sociocultural influences
B) biological influences
C) psychological influences
D) life-cycle influences

Question 79

Which of the following is the correct order from highest to lowest for the rates of depression?

A) African American, European American, Latino
B) Latino, European American, African American
C) European American, Latino, African American
D) Latino, African American, European American

Question 80

One common problem with dementia is

A) sensory confusion.
B) growing food intolerances.
C) loss of motor memory.
D) wandering.