Deck 13: Dying and Bereavement

Question 1

Ambiguous loss refers to situations of loss in which there is no resolution or closure.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

People who experience complicated grief process grief emotions differently.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Bereavement refers to the culturally influenced ways in which we express grief.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

A person who helps ease the passage through death by being there to ensure that dying people are not alone is known as a hospice nurse.

Question 5

In a living will, people state their wishes regarding life support and other treatments.

Question 6

The psychological aspect of coming to terms with bereavement is called grief work.

Question 7

Disenfranchised grief stems from the social expectations we place on people to "move on" after loss.

Question 8

A widely publicized and politicized case of euthanasia in the United States involved Brittany Maynard, who died in 2014.

Question 9

Lamenting is experiencing and/or expressing grieving responses that are distressful, disheartening, and/or painful.

Question 10

The act of deliberately ending a person's life is called passive euthanasia.

Question 11

The act of allowing a person to die by withholding an available treatment is known as active euthanasia.

Question 12

A person's concern over dying is referred to as anticipatory grief.

Question 13

Through her interviews with terminally ill individuals, Terry Schiavo determined there were five reactions or stages people had in dealing with death.

Question 14

Feelings of sadness experienced on the birthday of a person who died 10 years ago reflect a(n) hospice reaction.

Question 15

Making choices about how one does and does not want his or her life to end constitutes a final scenario.

Question 16

Bioethics is the study of the interface between human values and technological advances in health and life sciences.

Question 17

Clinical death is defined as the lack of heartbeat and respiration.

Question 18

Whole-brain death is a state in which a person's brainstem is the only part of the brain that is functioning.

Question 19

The practice of ending life for reasons of mercy is called euthanasia.

Question 20

Hospice care is an approach to assisting dying people that focuses on pain management, also known as custodial care.

Question 21

Whether a patient with a fatal cancer should be subjected to aggressive treatment and whether a patient's life support machine should be turned off are issues studied in the field of

A) psychoethics.
B) socioethics.
C) bioethics.
D) medethics.

Question 22

Some have suggested that _____________ pose an existential threat because they remind us death is inescapable and the body is fallible.

A) people in hospitals
B) those with terminal illnesses
C) older adults
D) newborns

Question 23

A major issue regarding end-of-life decisions concerns whether the person is cognitively or legally able to make them. In this regard, there are two types of determination: the capacity to make decisions and _____________ , which is determined by a court.

A) a competency decision
B) the person's physical state
C) the person's emotional well-being
D) the person's cognitive functioning

Question 24

The primary emphasis of a hospice is

A) quality of life.
B) extending life.
C) curing disease.
D) diagnosing disease.

Question 25

Linda just lost her husband due to a sudden heart attack. Her state of loss caused by the death is called

A) mourning.
B) bereavement.
C) grief.
D) displacement.

Question 26

When a person's cortical functioning ceases but brainstem activity continues, a person is said to be in a

A) persistent vegetative state.
B) coma.
C) psychological fugue.
D) clinical death state.

Question 27

Two types of hospices exist:

A) active and passive.
B) self-contained and integrated.
C) inpatient and outpatient.
D) religious and non-religious.

Question 28

Which of the following is not a primary need of dying people based on the hospice model?

A) To control pain
B) To retain dignity
C) To be loved
D) To separate the client from his or her family for treatment and care

Question 29

Making your wishes known about how you want the end of your life to be is known as

A) a final scenario.
B) death anxiety.
C) end-of-life issues.
D) the dying process.

Question 30

Corr identified bodily needs, psychological security, spiritual energy and hope, and _____________ as dimensions of issues a person must face in the course of dying.

A) interpersonal attachments
B) acceptance
C) financial obligations
D) ego integrity

Question 31

The practice of ending life for reasons of mercy is known as

A) euthanasia.
B) cessation of suffering.
C) bioethics.
D) advance directive.

Question 32

Research indicates family members and other surrogate decision-makers are

A) often wrong about what loved ones really want.
B) too emotionally distraught to make end-of-life decisions for a loved one.
C) not informed enough to exercise healthcare power of attorney.
D) often self-interested when making end-of-life decisions for a loved one.

Question 33

Which of the following statements about Kubler-Ross's stages of dying is true?

A) All people go through all the stages.
B) People only experience one stage at a time.
C) People vary considerably in their experience of the stages.
D) People go through all the stages at the same rate.

Question 34

The concept of death

A) is similar across cultures.
B) is completely unknown in some societies.
C) varies across cultures.
D) is a purely Westernized abstraction.

Question 35

Managing the final stages of life, dealing with the memorial services and the disposition of the body, and distributing assets are collectively known as

A) final scenarios.
B) death anxiety.
C) end-of-life issues.
D) the dying process.

Question 36

According to your textbook, most Americans favor all of the following except

A) disconnecting life support in situations involving patients in a persistent vegetative state.
B) withholding treatment if the person agrees or is in the later stages of a terminal illness.
C) the concept of assisted death.
D) physician-ordered assisted death.

Question 37

Corr (2013) identified four dimensions of the issues or tasks that a dying person faces from their perspective: bodily needs, psychological security, interpersonal attachments, and

A) intrapersonal understanding.
B) spiritual energy.
C) closure with family members.
D) disbursement of financial assets.

Question 38

Kastenbaum and Thuell point out that a good contextual theory of dying must account for

A) people with a variety of terminal illnesses.
B) a dying person's own perspective and values on death.
C) the socio-environmental context in which dying occurs.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 39

Different criteria to determine death used by different hospitals can result in all of the following except

A) a misdiagnosis of actual death.
B) delays in organ transplants.
C) emotion-wrenching decisions for families.
D) an increased number of whole-brain death patients being fully revived.

Question 40

Several countries, such as Belgium, Columbia, and Switzerland, tolerate physician-assisted suicide provided five criteria are met. Which of the following is not one of these criteria?

A) The patient is competent.
B) The patient makes repeated requests.
C) The patient is over age 65.
D) The patient's condition is intolerable with no hope for improvement.

Question 41

As a result of their growing realization of their own mortality, midlife adults shift from thinking about how long they have already lived to

A) making the best of the time they have left.
B) regretting the things they have not accomplished.
C) thinking about how long they have yet to live.
D) obtaining health insurance for their survivors.

Question 42

Removing the feeding tube of person in a persistent vegetative state is

A) illegal.
B) an example of active euthanasia.
C) an example of passive euthanasia.
D) a unique situation that can be classified as both active and passive euthanasia.

Question 43

According to attachment theory, when one's attachment to a person was strong and their death sudden, what is the likely outcome?

A) Greater grief but less depression
B) Greater grief and greater depression
C) Lower grief and lower depression
D) Lower grief but higher depression

Question 44

The field of study that deals with death, dying, bereavement, grief, and social attitudes toward these issues is called

A) deathology.
B) thanatology.
C) extinctism.
D) fatalology.

Question 45

Which of the following statements about hospices is false?

A) Hospice clients take a fairly active role in their own care.
B) Family members are encouraged to maintain the client's competencies.
C) Hospices follow a hospital model of care.
D) Pain management is a high priority.

Question 46

In developed countries, adults in midlife generally begin to think about their own deaths when

A) they start a family.
B) their parents die.
C) they become grandparents.
D) they develop a chronic disease.

Question 47

Describing the process of dying is

A) straight forward.
B) difficult.
C) unpleasant.
D) easy.

Question 48

Appointing someone to act as one's agent for healthcare decisions is giving them

A) a DNR order.
B) a living will.
C) healthcare power of attorney.
D) decision-making capacity and competency.

Question 49

The grief work as rumination hypothesis proposes that

A) the grieving process is vital to recovery from loss.
B) excessive grieving is an indication of love and attachment to the deceased.
C) rumination is a positive form of coping.
D) extensive grieving may be a form of rumination that increases distress.

Question 50

Palliative care is

A) pain management.
B) extending life.
C) the same as physician-assisted suicide.
D) diagnosing disease.

Question 51

A period of grieving people go through before the death that supposedly serves to buffer the impact of a loss when death is anticipated is called

A) anticipatory grief.
B) anxiety grief.
C) denial grief.
D) bargaining grief.

Question 52

A DNR order stands for

A) do not rectify.
B) doctor nurse rehabilitation.
C) do not resuscitate.
D) disable nurse requests.

Question 53

Once their parents die, people realize they are

A) relieved.
B) attached to their parents.
C) the oldest generation of their family.
D) more afraid of death than they were previously.

Question 54

Which theory addresses the issue of why people engage in certain behaviors to achieve certain psychological states based on their deeply rooted concerns about mortality?

A) Thanatology
B) Terror management theory
C) Death anxiety theory
D) Behavioral death theory

Question 55

Susan is dying from lung cancer. She and her family are deciding on her care options and where she will be buried upon her death. Making her wishes known is an example of a

A) final scenario.
B) death request.
C) end-of-life issue.
D) dying process.

Question 56

In a hospice, family members and staff tend to emphasize pain management, whereas patients are more likely to emphasize

A) spirituality and the process of dying.
B) remedying financial issues.
C) resolving conflicts with family members.
D) creating new relationships with other hospice patients.

Question 57

Withholding chemotherapy from a terminally ill cancer patient could be a form of

A) active euthanasia.
B) passive euthanasia.
C) benevolent euthanasia.
D) medical euthanasia.

Question 58

_____________ The components of death anxiety include all of the following except

A) Pain.
B) humiliation.
C) nonbeing.
D) anger.

Question 59

Which of the following is not a stage of dying according to Kübler¬Ross?

A) Denial
B) Bargaining
C) Depression
D) Agitation

Question 60

If a parent dies from a cause such as Alzheimer's disease, then bodily death can feel like

A) an end to a surviving spouse's suffering.
B) the loss was lessened because the parent wasn't aware he or she was dying.
C) the second time the parent died.
D) ambiguous grief because the parent was "missing."

Question 61

When attempting to determine if someone is "whole-brain dead," a physician would be unlikely to ask,

A) "Do the brain cells still contain neurotransmitters?"
B) "Does the body respond to a pinprick?"
C) "Has there been any movement for the past hour?"
D) "Is the person in a coma?"

Question 62

Each of the components of death anxiety can be assessed at any of three levels: public, private, and

A) nonconscious.
B) emotional.
C) rational.
D) passive.

Question 63

Which of the following is not a criterion for whole-brain death?

A) The person is in a coma, and the cause of the coma is known.
B) All brain stem reflexes have permanently stopped working.
C) Breathing has permanently stopped.
D) The person did not move for at least four hours.

Question 64

One dying woman reported, "It is as if the pain is gone; the struggle is over." According to Kübler¬Ross's theory, this reflects which stage?

A) Denial
B) Acceptance
C) Depression
D) Bargaining

Question 65

Research on the five stages of dying shows that

A) there are right and wrong ways to die.
B) individual differences are the rule.
C) few people vary from the normative experience.
D) there is only one progression toward death.

Question 66

Saying "Just let me live until my daughter graduates college" reflects which of Kübler¬Ross's stages?

A) Denial
B) Acceptance
C) Depression
D) Bargaining

Question 67

Contextual theories of dying emphasize

A) the individual differences in caregivers.
B) fate, causing a person to move from one stage to another.
C) that there is no one, right way to die.
D) stages in dying.

Question 68

When asked about death, young adults report strong feelings that those who die at this point in their lives

A) are able to avoid end-of-life issues and suffering.
B) were probably engaging in risky behavior.
C) probably had some form of genetic or chromosomal abnormality that contributed to early death.
D) are cheated out of their futures.

Question 69

Which of the following is characteristic of the separation distress found in prolonged or complicated grief disorder?

A) Longing and searching for the deceased
B) Feelings of disbelief about the death
C) The experience of the physical presence of the deceased
D) Detachment from others

Question 70

Lower ego integrity is

A) predictive of higher levels of death anxiety.
B) predictive of higher levels of emotional insecurity.
C) predictive of more intense religious beliefs.
D) more common in older adults than in younger adults.

Question 71

Terror management theory proposes that _____________ is the primary motive for underlying behavior, and all other motives can be traced back to this one.

A) ensuring the continuation of one's life
B) the desire to procreate
C) the avoidance of fear
D) the desire to die

Question 72

Mary is dying from ovarian cancer. She and her family are deciding on her care options and deciding what will become of her house. These are examples of

A) living wills.
B) death anxiety.
C) end-of-life issues.
D) the dying process.

Question 73

The study of the interface between human values and technological advances in health and life sciences is called

A) gerontology.
B) bioethics.
C) euthanology.
D) biomedics.

Question 74

Physician-assisted suicide involves

A) physicians doing everything in their power to save the lives of patients.
B) the naming of a specific individual who can make decisions for ill patients.
C) a physician administering a fatal dose of medication to a patient.
D) a physician providing a fatal dose of medication that the patient self-administers.

Question 75

Sorrow, hurt, anger, guilt, confusion, and other feelings that arise after suffering a loss are reflected in

A) mourning.
B) acceptance.
C) grief.
D) distancing.

Question 76

It has been found that electrical activity in the brain indicates people

A) defend themselves against emotions related to death.
B) embrace emotions related to death.
C) have mixed emotions related to death.
D) accept death during young adulthood.

Question 77

_____________ refers to allowing a person to die by withholding available treatment.

A) Active euthanasia
B) Invoking a living will
C) Advance directive
D) Passive euthanasia

Question 78

Withholding medical treatment is a form of

A) active euthanasia.
B) passive euthanasia.
C) benevolent euthanasia.
D) medical euthanasia.

Question 79

In a Harris Poll released in 2011, 70% of all adult respondents agreed that

A) active euthanasia should be illegal, but passive euthanasia should be legal.
B) any person who wishes to end their life should have the right to do so.
C) people who are terminally ill, are in great pain, and/or have no chance for recovery should have the right to end their lives.
D) physician-assisted suicide is morally wrong.

Question 80

Disconnecting a ventilator, not performing a surgery, or withholding food from a terminally ill patient all fall under the category of

A) active euthanasia.
B) passive euthanasia.
C) mercy killing.
D) bioethical euthanasia.