Question 1

Gesell said children&#10;A) are like miniature adults&#10;B) have an inner wisdom about what they are ready to do&#10;C) learn primarily through rewards and punishments&#10;D) are best raised according to standard, culture-wide expectations

Accepted Answer

Gesell believed that children have an inner wisdom about what they are ready to do, and this should guide their development. He rejected the idea that children are miniature adults and emphasized the importance of following their natural developmental timetable rather than forcing them to conform to culture-wide expectations or using rewards and punishments as the primary methods of learning.

Question 2

Gesell's main advice to parents was to&#10;A) let children guide you&#10;B) guide children in a firm but loving manner&#10;C) raise children according to set schedules early on&#10;D) focus on your own image of you want children to be

Accepted Answer

Gesell advocated for a child-centered approach to parenting and education, emphasizing the importance of understanding and responding to the individual developmental stages and needs of children, rather than imposing strict schedules or expectations.

Question 3

A 4-year-old who had begun drawing in a clockwise direction shifts to a counterclockwise preference. The child's behavior illustrates the principle of&#10;A) functional asymmetry&#10;B) individuality&#10;C) temporary disequilibrium&#10;D) reciprocal interweaving

Accepted Answer

Reciprocal interweaving refers to the process where development progresses through a back-and-forth movement between opposing tendencies, in this case, shifting from drawing in a clockwise direction to a counterclockwise direction.

Question 4

Gesell said maturation can be defined as&#10;A) the attainment of a final or complete state&#10;B) the process by which development is governed by the genes&#10;C) physical as opposed to mental development&#10;D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

Gesell emphasized that maturation is the process by which development is governed by genetic factors, highlighting the biological basis of development.

Question 5

Gesell's theory is most sympathetic to that of&#10;A) Locke&#10;B) Rousseau&#10;C) the preformationists&#10;D) Aries

Accepted Answer

Gesell's theory is most sympathetic to that of Rousseau, as both believed in the importance of natural development and allowing children to learn through exploration and experimentation. Gesell also emphasized the role of maturation in child development, which aligns with Rousseau's belief in the innate goodness and potential of children.

Question 6

Which reflex illustrates the principle of functional asymmetry?&#10;A) Moro&#10;B) Babinsky&#10;C) tonic neck&#10;D) sucking

Accepted Answer

The tonic neck reflex is a primitive reflex that causes an infant to extend the arm and leg on the side that the head is turned while flexing the opposite arm and leg. This reflex demonstrates functional asymmetry because it involves different movements on each side of the body and can indicate the presence of neurological abnormalities if not integrated properly.

Question 7

Gesell did not believe that&#10;A) individual growth rates are controlled by maturation&#10;B) some children grow more slowly than others&#10;C) developmental sequences may vary from child to child&#10;D) children alternate between periods of stability and instability

Accepted Answer

Gesell believed that while individual growth rates and the timing of developmental milestones could vary, the sequences of development were consistent across children. He posited that all children go through the same stages in the same order, though the pace might differ.

Deck 2: Gesells Maturational Theory