Deck 10: Vygotskys Social-Historical Theory of Cognitive Development

Question 1

Vygotsky believed egocentric or self-directed speech

A) is useless to children
B) is useful to children
C) is a perceptual failure
D) refutes the zone of proximal development

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In Vygotsky's theory, inner speech

A) contradicts Werner's concept of microgenesis
B) articulates dimly formed thoughts and feelings
C) emphasizes the precise meanings of words but not their feeling- tones
D) uses excessive words

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Vygotsky believed that culture and society

A) are the causes of human misery
B) contribute powerfully to people's thinking
C) are useless
D) are utopian dreams

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Vygotsky, compared to Piaget, believed it can be productive

A) to use IQ scores in education
B) to restrict children's play
C). to teach concepts beyond the child's grasp
D) all of the above

Question 5

Piaget and Vygotsky most strongly disagreed over

A) the definitions of "scientific" and "spontaneous concepts"
B) the existence of egocentric speech
C) the importance of children making their own discoveries
D) all of the above

Question 6

Marx argued that people's ideas and values

A) are important in their own right
B) are important forms of metamemory
C) reflect people's economic interests
D) all of the above

Question 7

Vygotsky was perhaps the first to advance many concepts. Which is not among the list?

A) mediation
B) metacognition
C) repression
D) inner speech

Question 8

The "Tools of the Mind" project tries to teach

A) abstract thinking
B) self-regulation through play
C) grammar
D) moral concepts through fairy tales

Question 9

Vygtrosky was

A) committed to Marxism
B) opposed to Marxism
C) opposed to Engels
D) opposed to Marx's dialectical theory

Question 10

Vygotsky was interested in speech and memory aids as

A) aspects of IQ tests
B) products of biological maturation
C) psychological tools
D) created by individuals apart from society

Question 11

Engels argued that early tool use promoted the development of

A) language
B) abstract thinking
C) cooperation
D) all of the above

Question 12

Which educator would be most impressed by Vygotsky? An educator

A) who believes in letting kids be kids
B) who believes students need lots of time to figure things out for themselves
C) who thinks children can initially profit from assistance
D) who wants thinking to be spontaneous, unself-conscious process

Question 13

Vygotsky thought of play as

A) useless
B) involving rules
C) totally impulsive
D) totally free

Question 14

Vygotsky argued that self-directed speech

A) begins developing after social speech
B) starts out spoken and gradually becomes internalized
C) becoming increasingly abbreviated during the ages 6 to 8 years
D) all of the above

Question 15

Vygotsky created the "zone of proximal development"

A) to assess children's potential for new learning
B) to give educators a true assessment of children's current intelligence
C) to distinguish between the truly gifted and other children
D) to indicate the child's potential for independent learning

Question 16

Luria found that patients who cannot use speech to regulate their behavior

A) often have injuries to the frontal area of the brain
B) usually suffer from generalized brain injury
C) primarily suffer from injuries to the speech center
D) show no particular pattern of cerebral damage

Question 17

Luria found that when young children try to give themselves verbal commands

A) they can immediately regulate their behavior
B) they respond to the meaning of their words rather than their words' signaling function
C) they respond primarily to familiar words
D) they behave as if all commands initiate behavior

Question 18

One of Vygotsky's laws was that

A) behavior begins as action and then become increasingly verbal and logical
B) the dialectic of history manifests itself in the cognitive conflicts between individuals
C) children first learn the social forms of behavior, then apply it to themselves
D) logic is simply interiorized action

Question 19

Five-year-olds seem to talk to themselves aloud more often as their work becomes increasingly difficult. This finding supports

A) Piaget
B) Vygotsky
C) both Piaget and Vygotsky
D) neither Piaget nor Vygotsky

Question 20

Vygotsky, compared to Piaget, viewed egocentric or self-directed speech

A) more cognitively
B) more positively
C) similarly
D) more tentatively

Question 21

"Scaffolding"

A) gradually removes assistance to the child
B) is a form of inner speech
C) refers to instruction in scientific concepts
D) all of the above

Question 22

Contemporary Vygotskians see children's make-believe play as

A) requiring initial adult support
B) spontaneous
C) basically autistic
D) much as Piaget saw it

Question 23

The text suggests Vygotsky described the interactions between inner and outer forces behind development

A) in a clear and precise way
B) in an imbalanced way
C) in a clearer manner with respect to language than school instruction
D) in a clearer manner for older than younger children

Question 24

The text most strongly criticizes Vgotsky's educational approach for

A) ignoring Piaget
B) lack of clarity
C) overemphasizing social learning
D) fostering dependence

Question 25

Luria found that neurological patients who have difficulty regulating their own behavior often display

A) excessive independence from the environment
B) long-term memory losses
C) short-term memory losses
D) perseveration