Question 1

Bandura says a positive sense of self-efficacy&#10;A) promotes independence from peers&#10;B) promotes patience and tolerance of others&#10;C) gives one energy to persist with tasks&#10;D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

A positive sense of self-efficacy gives one the confidence and energy to persist with tasks, as it involves the belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task.

Question 2

Studies on pro-social behavior suggest that&#10;A) preaching can have strong short-term effects but can backfire&#10;B) modeling a behavior for children always has stronger effects than issuing orders&#10;C) practicing and preaching have about the same effects&#10;D) preaching is always more effective than modeling a behavior

Accepted Answer

Preaching can indeed have strong short-term effects because it directly communicates desired behaviors or morals. However, if it's perceived as nagging or if the preacher doesn't practice what they preach, it can lead to resistance or backlash, hence the potential to backfire.

Question 3

According to Bandura&#10;A) cognition plays no role in learning&#10;B) we often learn by simply observing others&#10;C) the best motto is, &#34;Try things and see what happens&#34;&#10;D) modeling is an outmoded concept

Accepted Answer

According to Bandura, we often learn by simply observing others, which is known as observational learning.

Question 4

A 3-year-old child enthusiastically imitates the behavior of a slightly older child. This imitation most clearly supports the theory of&#10;A) Piaget&#10;B) Bandura&#10;C) Skinner&#10;D) Watson

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 3-year-old child enthusiastically imitates the behavior...

Question 5

Bandura disagrees with Piaget over the extent to which children&#10;A) learn from moderately novel events&#10;B) learn through intrinsic motivation&#10;C) go through general stages&#10;D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

Bandura's social learning theory emphasizes learning through observation and imitation, contrasting with Piaget's cognitive development theory, which focuses on stages of development, intrinsic motivation, and learning from interacting with the environment. Bandura believed that learning could occur at any stage and was not limited to Piaget's stages, and he placed more emphasis on learning from the environment and others rather than through self-discovery and intrinsic motivation alone.

Question 6

Bandura's observational learning theory differs from Skinner's operant theory&#10;A) on the need for experimental research&#10;B) on the value of general stages&#10;C) on the need to directly act to learn&#10;D) on the existence of direct rewards and punishments

Accepted Answer

Bandura's observational learning theory emphasizes the role of observation and modeling in learning, while Skinner's operant theory emphasizes the importance of direct consequences (rewards and punishments) for behavior. In Bandura's theory, individuals can learn through observing others' behavior and the consequences they experience, without actually engaging in the behavior themselves.

Question 7

Bandura says that observation often affects&#10;A) acquisition rather than performances of new responses&#10;B) motor reproduction process&#10;C) operant conditioning of behavior in experimental settings&#10;D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

Bandura's social learning theory emphasizes that observation primarily affects the acquisition of new responses rather than their performance. This means that through observing others, individuals learn new behaviors, but whether they perform these behaviors depends on other factors such as motivation and reinforcement.

Question 8

Over the years, Bandura has come to view Piaget's theory as&#10;A) similar to his own&#10;B) still wrong in major respects&#10;C) correct about external standards&#10;D) correct about stages

Accepted Answer

Bandura has disagreed with Piaget's theory on several major fronts, including the idea that cognitive development is solely based on internal mental structures and that children must reach certain stages before acquiring new abilities.

Question 9

In Bandura's theory, direct reinforcements primarily affect&#10;A) general classes of behavior rather than specific behavior&#10;B) aggressive behavior rather than other kinds of behavior&#10;C) altruistic behavior rather than other kinds of behavior&#10;D) performances rather than the acquisition of responses

Accepted Answer

According to Bandura's theory, direct reinforcements primarily affect performances rather than the acquisition of responses. Direct reinforcements are rewards or punishment that are given immediately after a behavior occurs, which can improve or decrease the likelihood of the behavior being repeated. However, Bandura believes that these reinforcements primarily affect the performance of behaviors that have already been learned, rather than the acquisition of new behaviors. Therefore, the correct choice is D.

Question 10

When children pick up the rules underlying modeled behavior, Bandura calls the process&#10;A) cognitive modeling&#10;B) observational learning&#10;C) abstract modeling&#10;D) rule-induced modeling

Accepted Answer

Abstract modeling refers to the process where children learn the underlying rules or principles of behavior by observing others, as described by Bandura.

Question 11

Piagetians generally believe that Bandura&#10;A) is in agreement with them, except for minor details&#10;B) is more in agreement with Freudian thinking than their own&#10;C) has demonstrated the effects of classical conditioning&#10;D) underestimates the power of spontaneous interests

Accepted Answer

The answer of Piagetians generally believe that Bandura&#10;A) is in...

Question 12

Which of the following is not on Bandura's list of variables strongly influencing self-efficacy appraisals?&#10;A) vicarious experiences&#10;B) physiological cues&#10;C) non-judgmental acceptance&#10;D) pep talks

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not on...

Question 13

When our previously learned responses are more likely to occur after watching the consequences that follow others' behavior, the process is called&#10;A) symbolic reinforcement&#10;B) disinhibition&#10;C) vicarious facilitation&#10;D) vicariously enhanced performance

Accepted Answer

The answer of When our previously learned responses are more...

Question 14

When we learn from the consequences that follow the actions of others, the process is called&#10;A) modeling&#10;B) symbolic modeling&#10;C) consequence observation&#10;D) vicarious reinforcement

Accepted Answer

The answer of When we learn from the consequences that...

Question 15

The text considers research on televised aggression as&#10;A) weak&#10;B) fairly weak&#10;C) fairly conclusive&#10;D) supporting some theorists but not others

Accepted Answer

The answer of The text considers research on televised aggression...

Question 16

According to Bandura, observational learning from models, compared to operant conditioning, is frequently&#10;A) more scientific&#10;B) faster&#10;C) more influenced by schedules of reinforcement&#10;D) more easily extinguished

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Bandura, observational learning from models,...

Deck 9: Banduras Social Learning Theory