Deck 4: Promoting Children's Positive Sense of Self through Verbal Communication

Question 1

A child says, "Those dinosaurs were really huge." An appropriate paraphrase reflection would be "Yes, those dinosaurs were really huge."

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Self-esteem includes negative as well as positive evaluations of the self.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The verbal environment consists of both talk and silence.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Both behavior and paraphrase reflections help children understand the effects of their actions on you.

Question 5

Behavior reflections are best reserved for use with school-age children.

Question 6

Marilyn is pounding a nail into a board at the workbench. The following is an appropriate behavior reflection: "You're pounding very hard, aren't you?"

Question 7

Whereas harsh treatment by adults relates to low self-esteem in children, adult indifference has a neutral effect.

Question 8

Adults should not expect children to answer their reflections.

Question 9

Behavior reflections influence children's learning of language.

Question 10

The first eight years of life are an optimal period for the development of self-esteem.

Question 11

The following question is open-ended: "Is chocolate your favorite flavor?"

Question 12

Self-concept forms the foundation for self-esteem and self-awareness.

Question 13

Children's self-judgments are based on their interactions with significant others.

Question 14

Adults should never ask children questions.

Question 15

Shared narratives are self-stories children write in their journals.

Question 16

Correcting children's grammar by having them repeat an inappropriate phrase improves their language usage.

Question 17

Children's sense of self is a combination of the social and emotional selves.

Question 18

Behavior and paraphrase reflections are strategies used in a positive verbal environment.

Question 19

By their third year, most children have developed an overall estimation of self-worth that remains relatively stable from then on.

Question 20

In a positive verbal environment, adults do most of the talking.

Question 21

A child who describes herself using the following statements is probably what age? "I am an honest girl with brown hair. I have a dog and like to play the piano."

A) 3 years
B) 6 years
C) 12 years
D) None of the above

Question 22

According to your textbook, which of the following questions would contribute most to the relationship-building process?

A) What's your favorite color?
B) Who knows where the dictionary goes?
C) How many ducks do you see?
D) If you were building a house, what would it look like?
E) Don't you think it's time we got ready to go?

Question 23

Select the appropriate paraphrase reflection for the following situation: Child, "Look, teacher, I painted everything the same color."

A) "Good for you."
B) "I like the way you used all that purple."
C) "You must be pleased."
D) "Tell me about your painting."
E) "You painted your whole picture purple."

Question 24

Ramone says, "I walk to the center. I have a dog named Duke." These statements relate to Ramone's self-esteem.

Question 25

Samantha shared her popcorn with Amanda. The most appropriate response to promote self-esteem would be:

A) "You were so sweet, Samantha!"
B) "Thanks for sharing, that is very kind."
C) "You noticed Amanda needed some popcorn too, thank you."
D) "Everyone is really working hard at sharing today. Way to go!"

Question 26

A child who judges himself to be good at games but a poor singer is probably at what age?

A) two years
B) four years
C) eight years
D) None of the above

Question 27

Which of the following phrases illustrates the concept of verbal expansion? Child says: "Me want cookie." The adult says:

A) "You are eating a chocolate cookie with marshmallow between the layers."
B) "That cookie looks good."
C) "You want another cookie."
D) "You like cookies, don't you?"
E) None of the above

Question 28

Which of the following phrases is nonjudgmental?

A) Tod hit Mary with clenched fists.
B) Tod was really mean to Mary today.
C) Tod hit Mary spitefully.
D) None of the above

Question 29

What is self-esteem?

A) your personal description of yourself
B) the judgments people make of you
C) how you assess your self
D) a combination of competence and personal attributes

Question 30

A child who describes himself in the following terms is probably what age? "I am a boy. I have brown hair. I have a dog named Max."

A) 18 months
B) 3 years
C) 9 years
D) 12 years

Question 31

Select the appropriate paraphrase reflection for the following situation: Child: "Look, teacher, I can button my coat."

A) "Great! That's quite an accomplishment."
B) "I'll have to tell your mom about that. She'll be so proud."
C) "You should be so proud."
D) "You did all the buttons yourself."
E) "Now you're ready to go outside."

Question 32

Children who do not speak English at home should be required to speak English only in early childhood programs to increase the speed at which they learn the language.

Question 33

Alice, who is two, says to her mother, "Want cookie." What is her mother doing when she replies, "You want a chocolate chip cookie?"

A) reinforcing Alice's speech
B) expanding Alice's original sentence
C) recasting Alice's original sentence
D) reinforcing Alice's speech and expanding Alice's original sentence
E) All of the above

Question 34

A child who describes herself in the following terms is probably what age? "I'm a good runner. I used to like red, but now I like blue. I am very studious."

A) 18 months
B) 3 years
C) 9 years
D) 12 years

Question 35

A child who describes herself in the following terms is probably what age? "I am a girl. I have black hair. I have a cat named Mittens."

A) 14 months
B) 3 years
C) 9 years
D) 12 years

Question 36

What is your internalized description of the self?

A) self-esteem
B) self-worth
C) social mirror
D) self-concept
E) categorical self

Question 37

What does recasting involve?

A) adding connecting words to children's noun-verb phrases
B) extending the meaning of the child's sentence to include new ideas the child might wish to add
C) changing one's questions into reflections
D) rephrasing the child's sentence using a different grammatical structure

Question 38

What are the components of the trio of self-esteem?

A) control and empathy
B) control, competence, and awareness
C) competence and worth
D) control, competence, and worth
E) competence, awareness, and worth

Question 39

Select the appropriate behavior reflection for the following situation: Hal is watering the plants on the windowsill.

A) "That looks like fun."
B) "Do you have enough water to do them all?"
C) "You're being very careful, right?"
D) "I like the way you're watering each plant, one at a time."
E) None of the above

Question 40

Juanita is building with blocks in the block area. No other children are there. Her caregiver says, "Juanita is building with blocks." This is an appropriate behavior reflection.

Question 41

What three qualities are needed to make praise effective?

Question 42

Five-year-old Jawan is at the sand table. He tells you, "I can make rain with the holey cone." The best example of a behavior reflection would be which of the following?

A) "Sounds like you love sand toys."
B) "You think that's a holey cone. That's called a funnel."
C) "Be careful your rain doesn't get on the floor."
D) "You're pouring sand through that funnel."
E) "You noticed the falling sand looks like rain."

Question 43

What are the characteristics of a negative verbal environment?

Question 44

What is the difference between self-concept and self-esteem?

Question 45

Three-year-old Fernando is becoming very loud and is jumping around in the block area. You realize that he speaks and understands very little English. As you approach him, what is the best way to begin an interaction?

A) Put your hand lightly on his head and say his name.
B) Get down to his eye level and establish eye contact.
C) Call and gesture as you approach him from across the room.
D) Put your arms completely around his shoulders from behind, to restrain him from jumping.

Question 46

What would be the best response if a child asked you, "How many people tried out for the choir?"

A) "Ten."
B) "How many do you think?"
C) "That's a good question."
D) "You're curious about the tryouts, fifteen."
E) "You are wondering about the total here today".

Question 47

What is the source for shared narratives?

Question 48

Describe two characteristics of your "self" as if you were four years old.

Question 49

You want to use behavior and paraphrase reflections with children, but when you tried it out with a young family member, you sounded artificial to yourself. What can you do about this?

Question 50

What are the benefits of using paraphrase reflections with children?

Question 51

What are the benefits of using behavior reflections with children?

Question 52

Describe three characteristics of shared narratives.

Question 53

Prior to snacktime, Brian spent several minutes cleaning up the art table. The best form of praise would be, "You worked hard," followed by which of these sentences?

A) "I appreciate you're being such a good helper."
B) "You're a great cleaner upper."
C) "I'm pleased you put away all the paper and crayons. Now this table is ready for snack."
D) "It makes me feel good when you are so nice."
E) "Thank you."

Question 54

Which of the following questions is (are) open-ended?

A) Are you a Spartan fan?
B) What kind of bird is this?
C) How did you decide what color to make your car?
D) Would you like someone to hit you like that?
E) What kind of bird is this? and Would you like someone to hit you like that?

Question 55

Why can the same experience be interpreted differently by children of the same age who have differing self-perceptions?

Question 56

Describe two characteristics of your "self" as if you were 10 years old.

Question 57

What are the characteristics of a positive verbal environment?

Question 58

What are the characteristics of an open-ended question?

Question 59

Describe two characteristics of your "self" as if you were six years old.

Question 60

Select the appropriate behavior reflection for the following situation. Selene shoveled the snow off the sidewalk in front of the building.

A) "Thanks, you did a good job."
B) "Selene, you removed all the snow."
C) "Did you arrive early?"
D) "Why didn't you wait for the others to help you?"
E) None of the above

Question 61

In what ways should adults modify their verbal communication for children in different age groups? Give examples.

Question 62

Describe and give examples of how the three components of self-esteem are promoted within a developmentally appropriate classroom.

Question 63

You are a leader of a small group of 10-year-olds who are working on a (gardening, clothing, computer) project, and you want to establish a dialogue with them to determine their level of understanding. List some statements or questions that would be appropriate.

Question 64

Define what is meant by the verbal environment. Describe its importance to young children's lives. Name three strategies associated with each kind of verbal environment discussed in your book.