Deck 16: The South and the Slavery Controversy, 1793-1860

Question 1

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Harriet Beecher Stowe

Answer 1

Student answers will vary.

Question 2

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
William Wilberforce

Answer 2

Student answers will vary.

Question 3

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​Martin Delany

Answer 3

​Student answers will vary.

Question 4

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
monopolistic

Question 5

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​John Quincy Adams

Question 6

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
mulatto population

Question 7

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​black belt

Question 8

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​breakers

Question 9

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
plantation system

Question 10

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
William Lloyd Garrison

Question 11

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
David Walker

Question 12

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Theodore Dwight Weld

Question 13

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Elijah P. Lovejoy

Question 14

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Sojourner Truth

Question 15

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​responsorial

Question 16

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Frederick Douglass

Question 17

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Nat Turner

Question 18

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​William T. Johnson

Question 19

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
oligarchy

Question 20

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Denmark Vesey

Question 21

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
peculiar institution

Question 22

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
American Colonization Society

Question 23

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Cotton Kingdom

Question 24

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Mason-Dixon line​

Question 25

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​West Africa Squadron

Question 26

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World

Question 27

All the following were true of the American economy under Cotton Kingdom except

A)cotton accounted for half the value of all American exports after 1840.
B)the South produced more than half the entire world's supply of cotton.
C)75 percent of the British supply of cotton came from the South.
D)quick profits from cotton drew planters to its economic enterprise.
E)the South reaped all the profits from the cotton trade.

Question 28

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
American Anti-Slavery Society

Question 29

As a result of the introduction of the cotton gin

A)fewer slaves were needed on the plantations.
B)short-staple cotton lost popularity.
C)slavery was reinvigorated in the South.
D)Thomas Jefferson predicted the gradual death of slavery.
E)the African slave trade was legalized.

Question 30

Members of the planter aristocracy

A)produced fewer front-rank statesmen than the North.
B)dominated society and politics in the South.
C)provided democratic rule in the South.
D)promoted tax-supported public education.
E)were much more progressive about race and black people than white yeoman farmers and laborers in the South.

Question 31

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​​Amistad

Question 32

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Lane Rebels

Question 33

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Gag Resolution

Question 34

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Liberty party

Question 35

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
The Liberator

Question 36

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Uncle Tom's Cabin

Question 37

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
"positive good"

Question 38

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​Narrative of the Life of Federick Douglass

Question 39

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​Liberia

Question 40

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
abolitionism

Question 41

Most white southerners were

A)planter aristocrats.
B)small slaveowners.
C)merchants and artisans.
D)"poor white trash."
E)subsistence farmers.

Question 42

Some southern slaves gained their freedom as a result of

A)the prohibition of the Atlantic slave trade after 1807.
B)purchase by northern abolitionists.
C)fleeing to mountain hideaways.
D)purchasing their way out of slavery with money earned after hours.
E)the objection to slaveholding by some white women.

Question 43

Plantation agriculture was wasteful largely because

A)it relied mainly on artificial means to fertilize the soil.
B)it required leaving cropland fallow every other year.
C)excessive water was used for irrigation.
D)it was too diversified, thus taking essential nutrients from the soil.
E)its excessive cultivation of cotton despoiled good land.

Question 44

All of the following were weaknesses of the slave plantation system except that

A)it relied on the destructive one-crop economy of cotton and failed to institute a system of crop rotation.
B)it repelled a large-scale European immigration.
C)it stimulated racism among poor whites.
D)it created an aristocratic political elite.
E)its land continued to remain predominately in the hands of the small farmers.

Question 45

As their main agricultural crop, southern subsistence farmers raised

A)cotton.
B)tobacco.
C)corn.
D)wheat.
E)sugar cane.

Question 46

By the mid-nineteenth century

A)most southerners owned slaves.
B)the smaller slaveholders owned a majority of the slaves.
C)most slaves lived on large plantations.
D)slavery was a dying institution.
E)southerners were growing defensive about slavery.

Question 47

European immigration to the South was discouraged most profoundly by

A)fierce economic competition with slave labor.
B)an unfavorable experience of growing cotton in Europe by German and Irish immigrant groups.
C)German, Irish, and Jewish antislavery groups.
D)immigration barriers enacted by southern states.
E)the inability of European immigrants to tolerate the hot climate.

Question 48

In society's basement in the South of 1860, there were nearly ____ million black human chattels.

A)1
B)2
C)4
D)8
E)10

Question 49

By 1860, the overwhelming majority of all southern whites did not own slaves, but instead

A)lived and worked as laborers, artisans, or tradesmen in the emerging cities of the South.
B)eked out a living in the mountains and backcountry raising corn and hogs.
C)owned small farms where they and their families raised cotton.
D)farmed an annually rotated sequential mix of wheat, tobacco, rice, and cotton.
E)None of these choices are correct.

Question 50

The plantation system of the Cotton South before the Civil War

A)resembled a tightly controlled oligarchy in its monopolistic features.
B)became more democratic and open to newcomers.
C)was very financially stable over many years.
D)was attractive to European immigrants.
E)included no expectation that planter aristocrats had any obligation to serve the public as politicians or statesmen.

Question 51

The most pro-Union of the white southerners were

A)plantation owners.
B)mountain whites residing in the Appalachian range.
C)small slaveowners.
D)nonslaveowning subsistence farmers.
E)mistresses of southern plantation owners.

Question 52

All of the following are true statements about free blacks except

A)they were banned from entering several northern states.
B)they were always vulnerable to being hijacked back into slavery in the South.
C)slaveholders feared that they were living examples of what might be achieved with emancipation.
D)in the North, they forged ties with the Irish, who similarly worked in menial jobs.
E)most states denied them the right to vote.

Question 53

For free blacks living in the North

A)living conditions were nearly equal to those for whites.
B)voting rights were widespread.
C)good jobs were plentiful.
D)education opened the door to economic opportunity.
E)discrimination against blacks concerning employment, the right to vote, and obtaining a public education was common.

Question 54

Plantation mistresses

A)were frequently assaulted by vengeful slaves.
B)were primarily responsible for controlling the plantation's male slaves.
C)frequently supported abolitionism.
D)commanded a sizable household staff of mostly female slaves.
E)were almost universally loved by their slaves.

Question 55

The great increase of the slave population in the first half of the nineteenth century was largely due to

A)the reopening of the African slave trade in 1808.
B)larger imports of slaves from the West Indies.
C)natural reproduction.
D)reenslavement of free blacks.
E)the forced, cattle-like breeding of slaves by white masters living in states of the Old South such as Virginia.

Question 56

The majority of southern whites owned no slaves because

A)they opposed slavery.
B)they could not afford the purchase price.
C)their urban location did not require them.
D)their racism would not allow them to work alongside African Americans.
E)they feared the possibility of slave revolts.

Question 57

Slaves regarded the least prosperous, nonslaveholding whites as

A)potential, yet undesirable, masters.
B)their equals in doing the least desirable work.
C)violent, rabble-rousers who often picked on slaves.
D)hillbillies and "poor white trash"-too lazy and shiftless to work productively.
E)potential allies in slave revolts against planter aristocrats.

Question 58

All told, only about ____ of white southerners owned slaves or belonged to a slaveholding family.

A)one fourth
B)one third
C)half
D)fifteen percent
E)five percent

Question 59

Northern attitudes toward free blacks before the Civil War have been described as

A)supporting blacks right to full citizenship and higher education.
B)disliking the race but professing appreciation for individual blacks.
C)advocating black movement into the new territories.
D)politically sympathetic but socially segregationist.
E)disliking individual blacks, even accomplished blacks such as Frederick Douglass, but professing admiration for the black race.

Question 60

Uncle Tom's Cabin was written in 1852 by

A)Ralph Waldo Emerson.
B)William Lloyd Garrison.
C)Harriet Beecher Stowe.
D)Margaret Fuller.
E)Harriet Tubman.

Question 61

Forced separation of spouses, parents, and children was most common

A)in the Deep South.
B)on the large plantations.
C)on small plantations and in the upper South.
D)in the territories of Kansas, Nebraska, and New Mexico.
E)as a punishment for running away.

Question 62

The idea of transporting blacks back to Africa was

A)a recognition of blacks' desire to preserve their culture.
B)never carried out.
C)advocated by Frederick Douglass.
D)proposed by the African nation of Liberia.
E)an expression of widespread American racism.

Question 63

Many abolitionists turned to political action in 1840, when they backed the presidential candidate of the

A)Free Soil party.
B)Republican party.
C)Know-Nothing party.
D)Liberty party.
E)Socialist party.

Question 64

The voice of white southern abolitionism fell silent at the beginning of the

A)1810s.
B)1820s.
C)1830s.
D)1840s.
E)1850s.

Question 65

Most slaves were raised

A)without the benefit of a stable home life.
B)in stable two-parent households.
C)never knowing anything about their relatives.
D)without displaying African cultural practices including the distinctive African style of responsorial preaching.
E)without exhibiting any religious practices including a hybrid form of African Christianity.

Question 66

As a substitute for the wage-incentive system, slaveowners most often used the

A)promise of eventual freedom.
B)reward of some legal rights.
C)the promise to slaves of a grant of private property to do tenant farming after a period of years of bondage.
D)whip as a motivator.
E)threat of death.

Question 67

Slavery's greatest psychological horror, and the theme of Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin, was

A)the enforced separation of slave families, whose members could be sold away from each other.
B)slaveowners' frequent use of the whip.
C)the breeding of slaves.
D)having to do the most dangerous work on the plantation.
E)forcible sexual assault by slaveowners.

Question 68

The profitable southern slave system

A)hobbled the economic development of the region as a whole.
B)saw many slaves moving to the upper South.
C)led to the textile industry's development in the South first.
D)relied almost totally on importing slaves to meet the unquenchable demand for labor.
E)failed to prompt most planters to regard their slaves as investments to be cared for and monitored like any other asset.

Question 69

All of the following were true of slavery in the South except that

A)strong-willed slaves were sometimes sent to breakers to coerce slaves into accepting their bondage and the planter's mastery.
B)a distinctive African American slave culture developed.
C)a typical planter had too much of his own prosperity riding on the backs of his slaves to beat them on a regular basis.
D)the explosive growth of cotton production in Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana contributed directly to life being harder for the typical slave in this southern frontier region than other regions of the South or West.
E)most slaves were raised in single unstable parent households.

Question 70

The idea of recolonizing blacks back to Africa was

A)proposed by Timothy Dwight Weld.
B)proposed by John Quincy Adams.
C)advocated by Frederick Douglass.
D)suggested by political leaders of the African nation of Liberia.
E)supported by the black leader Martin Delaney.

Question 71

In 1839, enslaved Africans rose up aboard the Spanish slave ship

A)Ferdinand.
B)Amistad.
C)La Guerra.
D)La Nina.
E)El Liberte.

Question 72

By 1860, life for slaves was most difficult in the

A)Atlantic states of North and South Carolina.
B)Deep South states of Georgia and Florida.
C)territories of Kansas, Nebraska, and New Mexico.
D)upper South states of Virginia and Maryland.
E)the new southwest states of Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana.

Question 73

In some counties of the deep South, especially along the lower Mississippi River, blacks accounted for more than ____ percent of the population.

A)25
B)50
C)75
D)10
E)95

Question 74

By 1860, slaves were concentrated in the "black belt" located in the

A)border states of Kentucky, Missouri, and Maryland.
B)Deep South states of Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana.
C)old South states of Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina.
D)new Southwest states of Texas, Arkansas, and Indian Territory.
E)mountain regions of Tennessee, West Virginia, and Kentucky.

Question 75

Arrange the following in chronological order: the founding of the (A) American Colonization Society, (B) American Anti-Slavery Society, and (C) Liberty party.

A)A, B, C
B)C, A, B
C)B, C, A
D)A, C, B
E)C, B, A

Question 76

All of the following were characteristic of slaves in the mid-nineteenth century United States except

A)slaves had no civil or political rights.
B)slaves usually toiled from dusk to dawn in the fields.
C)slaves had minimal protection from murder or unusually cruel punishment.
D)slaves were forbidden to testify in court and their marriages were not legal.
E)floggings were very uncommon and rare.

Question 77

Slaves fought the system of slavery by

A)slowing down the pace of their labor.
B)conducting periodic slave rebellions.
C)sabotaging expensive equipment.
D)running away from their masters.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 78

Which one of the following has the least in common with the other four?

A)Nat Turner
B)David Walker
C)John C.Calhoun
D)Denmark Vesey
E)Gabriel

Question 79

William Lloyd Garrison pledged his dedication to

A)shipping freed blacks back to Africa.
B)supporting armed slave insurrections against all white slaveholders in the South.
C)preventing the expansion of slavery beyond the South.
D)forming an antislavery political party.
E)the immediate abolition of slavery in the South.

Question 80

As a result of white southerners' brutal treatment of their slaves and their fear of potential slave rebellions, the South

A)formed alliances with white imperialists in Africa.
B)adopted British attitudes toward the "peculiar institution."
C)emancipated many slaves.
D)returned to relying on wage labor and indentured servitude for its main agricultural labor force.
E)developed a theory of biological racial superiority to justify slavery.