Deck 15: The Ferment of Reform and Culture, 1790-1860

Question 1

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Horace Mann

Answer 1

Student answers will vary.

Question 2

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​Amelia Bloomer

Answer 2

Student answers will vary.

Question 3

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​Neal S. Dow

Answer 3

​Student answers will vary.

Question 4

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Elizabeth Blackwell

Question 5

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr.

Question 6

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Noah Webster

Question 7

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Dorothea Dix

Question 8

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Charles G. Finney

Question 9

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Susan B. Anthony

Question 10

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Joseph Smith

Question 11

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Robert Owen

Question 12

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
John J. Audubon

Question 13

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Emma Willard

Question 14

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Brigham Young

Question 15

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Lucretia Mott

Question 16

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Question 17

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
William Miller

Question 18

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Peter Cartwright

Question 19

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Lucy Stone

Question 20

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
William H. McGuffey

Question 21

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Louis Aggasiz

Question 22

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Walt Whitman

Question 23

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​The Age of Reason

Question 24

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Henry David Thoreau

Question 25

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
James Fenimore Cooper

Question 26

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Ralph Waldo Emerson

Question 27

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Unitarianism

Question 28

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Edgar Allan Poe

Question 29

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Louisa May Alcott

Question 30

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Washington Irving

Question 31

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Francis Parkman

Question 32

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Gilbert Stuart

Question 33

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Question 34

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Margaret Fuller

Question 35

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Nathaniel Hawthorne

Question 36

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Emily Dickinson

Question 37

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Herman Melville

Question 38

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Second Great Awakening

Question 39

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Stephen Foster

Question 40

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
James Russell Lowell

Question 41

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
"Declaration of Sentiments"

Question 42

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Knickerbocker Group

Question 43

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​New Harmony

Question 44

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​"The American Scholar"

Question 45

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Millerites

Question 46

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Hudson River School

Question 47

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Mormons

Question 48

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Maine Law of 1851

Question 49

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​romanticism

Question 50

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​minstrel shows

Question 51

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​Deism

Question 52

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​Federal Style of architecture

Question 53

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Shakers

Question 54

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Burned-Over District

Question 55

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
transcendentalism

Question 56

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Oneida Community

Question 57

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
American Temperance Society

Question 58

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​Brook Farm

Question 59

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Women's Rights Convention at Seneca Falls, New York

Question 60

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
​lyceum

Question 61

The religious zeal of the Second Great Awakening led to the founding of many small, denominational, liberal arts colleges, chiefly in the

A)East.
B)South and West.
C)North.
D)South exclusively.
E)West exclusively.

Question 62

Unitarians endorsed the concept of

A)the deity of Christ.
B)original sin.
C)free will and salvation through good works.
D)predestination.
E)the Bible as the norm of doctrine.

Question 63

Besides polygamy, characteristic behavior(s) of Mormons which angered many non-Mormon Americans in the 1840s was their

A)belief in visions and a special spiritual role for America.
B)constant movement toward the western frontier.
C)refusal to take up arms and defend themselves.
D)voting as a religious bloc and openly drilling their militia, alebit for defensive purposes.
E)dislike of federal government control of their lives.

Question 64

Religious revivals of the Second Great Awakening resulted in

A)little increase in church membership.
B)a stronger religious influence in many areas of American life including abolitionism and benevolent and charitable organizations.
C)surprisingly few humanitarian reforms.
D)greater attention to church history and doctrine.
E)increase in enlightenment and rational religion.

Question 65

Church attendance was still a regular ritual for ____ of the 23 million Americans in 1850.

A)one-third
B)one-half
C)three-fourths
D)less than one-fourth
E)two-thirds

Question 66

Asone the greatest of the revivalist preachers, Charles Grandison Finney advocated

A)opposition to slavery.
B)a perfect Christian kingdom on earth.
C)opposition to alcohol.
D)public prayer by women.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 67

All of the following contributed to the appeal of the Second Great Awakening to women except

A)it offered women an active role in bringing their husbands and families back to God.
B)it encouraged women to enter into professions normally reserved for men in order to make these professional more ethical and morally upright.
C)it provided a springboard for them to turn their attention to reforming society.
D)it preached a gospel of female spiritual worth.
E)it allayed women's concerns about the expanding market economy.

Question 68

The original prophet of the Mormon religion was

A)Ralph Waldo Emerson.
B)Brigham Young.
C)Charles G.Finney.
D)William Miller.
E)Joseph Smith.

Question 69

The Second Great Awakening tended to

A)widen the lines between classes and regions.
B)open Episcopalian and Presbyterian churches to the poor.
C)unite southern Baptists and southern Methodists against slavery.
D)bring the more prosperous and conservative eastern churches into the revivalist camps.
E)increase the influence of educated clergy.

Question 70

The Deist faith embraced all of the following except

A)the concept of original sin.
B)the reliance on reason rather than revolution.
C)belief in a Supreme Being.
D)belief in human beings' capacity for moral behavior.
E)denial of the divinity of Christ.

Question 71

​Which of the following events prompted the Mormons to abandon their settlement at Nauvoo, Illinois and set out West to the valley of the Great Salt Lake?

A)Continuing vicious hostility by non-Mormon Americans including the murder of Mormon leader Joseph Smith and his brother
B)A vision by the Mormon angel Moroni to Brigham Young of a peaceful, bountiful, and safe refuge in the valley of the Great Salt Lake
C)The expectation that a lush, easily arable western enviornment awaited the Mormons in present-day Utah, which would not require or expensive and technologically sophisticated irrigation to grow crops
D)A generous land grant by the federal government
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 72

By 1850, all of the following were true about developments in organized religion in America except

A)organized religion had lost a fair portion of the theological rigor and austerity of the colonial era.
B)the influence of Calvinism had been reduced significantly from the colonial era.
C)the liberal doctrines of Deism had been embraced by certain Protestant denominations such as Unitarians.
D)organized religion had generally grown more theologically conservative than during the colonial eras.
E)a significant counterreaction against theological liberalism of the 1790s and early 1800s developed in the form of the Second Great Awakening.

Question 73

The religious sects that gained most from the revivalism of the Second Great Awakening were the

A)Roman Catholics and Episcopalians.
B)Unitarians and Jews.
C)Methodists and Baptists.
D)Congregationalists and Presbyterians.
E)Lutherans and Mormons.

Question 74

Deists like Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin endorsed the belief

A)in divine revelation.
B)in original sin.
C)in the deity of Christ.
D)that a Supreme Being endowed human beings with a capacity for moral behavior.
E)in the imminent end of the world.

Question 75

A third revolution accompanied the reformation of American politics and the transformation of the American economy in the mid-nineteenth century that contained all of the following characteristics except

A)improved the character of ordinary Americans.
B)made Americans more upstanding and God-fearing.
C)focused on preserving the traditions of the founders.
D)made Americans more literate and educated.
E)poured their energies into religious revivals and reform movements.

Question 76

The Second Great Awakening tended to

A)promote religious diversity.
B)reduce social class differences.
C)blur regional differences.
D)discourage church membership.
E)weaken women's social position.

Question 77

The Mormon religion originated in

A)Utah.
B)New England.
C)Nauvoo, Illinois.
D)Ireland.
E)the Burned-Over District of New York.

Question 78

Unitarians held the following beliefs except

A)the belief that God existed in only one person.
B)the denial of the divinity of Christ.
C)they stressed the essential goodness of human nature.
D)they believed in the possibility of salvation through good works.
E)they believed in a stern and Puritan type of God.

Question 79

The Second Great Awakening partly reshaped American religion by making it

A)more dependent on a college-educated clergy.
B)more reliant on women as members and social reformers.
C)less socially and theologically diverse.
D)more sympathetic to hierarchical churches like Catholicism.
E)more centered on the life of the local parish.

Question 80

All the following are true of the Second Great Awakening except that it

A)resulted in the conversion of countless souls.
B)encouraged a variety of humanitarian reforms.
C)strengthened democratic denominations like the Baptists and Methodists.
D)was a reaction against the growing liberalism in religion.
E)was not as large, democratic, or influential in terms of social reform as the First Great Awakening.