Deck 15: Making Ethical Judgments and Decisions

Question 1

A compulsion or obsession is considered extreme behavior only if it begins to interfere with a person's functioning or is one from which he/she derives no pleasure or social benefit.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

You have observed that over the last few weeks Cassy has become very lethargic and often falls asleep in class. Neither resting nor eating makes a difference in her behavior. To whom would you recommend her parents go with this problem?

A) the school psychologist
B) their family doctor
C) a learning disabilities specialist
D) All of the above

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What aspect of judgment making is in question when two adults on the playground disagree about whether or not children should be allowed to climb back up the slide after coming down.

A) values
B) strategies
C) goals
D) standards
E) None of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following may be a probable sign of abuse?

A) A child has stitches over his eye.
B) A family is socially isolated from the rest of the community.
C) A child flinches when adults approach.
D) A family is socially isolated from the rest of the community and a child flinches when adults approach.
E) All of the above

Question 5

What type of behavior is a child exhibiting in the following instance? Before leaving for school, Kendra checks her room to see that her dolls are lined up in a row and that she touches the head of the first one and the feet of the last one before leaving the room.

A) compulsion
B) obsession
C) phobia

Question 6

Neglectful parents who fail to meet children's needs are typically

A) individuals who were spoiled as children and are self-centered
B) more interested in providing material needs than educational needs for their children
C) people who prefer adult company more than their children's company
D) those who do not have access to models who could demonstrate appropriate caring for children
E) seeking to avoid stressful relationships with other significant adults in their lives

Question 7

Deeply internalized beliefs that direct a person's actions are referred to as what?

A) goals
B) standards
C) values
D) strategies
E) None of the above

Question 8

Mrs. Kashmir has been teaching the children to learn uppercase letters. Once they accomplish this, she turns her attention to teaching them to recognize the lowercase matches. What facet of judgment making has she been thinking about?

A) value
B) standards
C) goals
D) strategies
E) None of the above

Question 9

What is true about ethical judgments?

A) They center only on which actions are right and which are wrong.
B) There is never a middle ground or gray area to consider.
C) They should involve consideration of standards and values.
D) None of the above

Question 10

In what percentage of child sexual abuse cases does the child know the offender?

A) 15 percent
B) 80 percent
C) 30 percent
D) 95 percent
E) 50 percent

Question 11

What is the name given to persistent, recurring thoughts that children cannot get out of their heads?

A) phobias
B) superstitions
C) fantasies
D) obsessions
E) compulsions

Question 12

What aspect of judgment making is Ms. Myers thinking about when she considers whether or not blocks must be put away in the correct baskets?

A) values
B) standards
C) goals
D) strategies
E) None of the above

Question 13

What aspect of judgment making is the center director thinking about when she decides that although it is important for Winston to become more self-confident, this is not so critical for his sister?

A) values
B) standards
C) goals
D) strategies
E) All of the above

Question 14

How are the best ethical judgments made?

A) Spontaneously, depending on the child's infraction and needed consequence
B) Consciously, using the same series of steps found in any decision-making model
C) After a lapse of time, when there has been time to think about how to reach a decision
D) All of the above

Question 15

Which of the following are the most frequently reported sources of children's extreme behavior?

A) Hyperactivity and school phobia
B) Physiological factors, childhood fears, and childhood depression
C) Klinefelter's and Tourette's syndromes
D) All of the above

Question 16

What aspect of judgment making is Mr. Prawat thinking about when he decides that the best way to teach Eammon to help clean up is to limit the kinds of materials he is allowed to use?

A) values
B) goals
C) strategies
D) standards

Question 17

What are basic values?

A) the first values a person learns
B) values that depend on the situation
C) values that are ranked below relative values
D) those that are absolute, regardless of context
E) None of the above

Question 18

When must suspected child abuse be reported?

A) no more than three days after it has occurred and been investigated
B) after the parents have been given a chance to mend their ways
C) after the program psychologist has had an opportunity to interview the child
D) None of the above

Question 19

Which of the following is always the first priority when professionals are making a decision?

A) The approach that promises the most positive and least negative outcome.
B) Children's needs come before adults' needs whenever possible.
C) When goals of equal weight conflict, priority is given to the goal that is least often addressed.
D) Children's safety is always the first consideration.
E) Short-term goals are always more important that long-term goals.

Question 20

What is the first-priority principle for making day-to-day judgments?

A) begin with the child's needs
B) consider safety at all times
C) weigh the pros and cons
D) choose long-term goals

Question 21

As a helping professional, you are morally but not legally bound to report suspected cases of child abuse.

Question 22

When the instructor decides to eliminate a quiz item because 90 percent of the students missed it, she is thinking about standards.

Question 23

Basic values are those to which a person clings regardless of the circumstances.

Question 24

More than 70 percent of all substantiated cases of child abuse occur in formal group settings.

Question 25

Fears that can justifiably be categorized as extreme behaviors are referred to as phobias.

Question 26

The intensity of a behavior refers to how much of the child's life the behavior affects.

Question 27

A college student who suspects that a child in the field placement site is a victim of abuse should report such suspicions directly to the authorities.

Question 28

Mrs. Leiyan has admitted that the mark on her child's face is the result of a hard slap that morning because of dangerous behavior on the child's part. The teacher, recognizing that Mrs. Leiyan has always been a good parent, assures her that she'll let it go this time. Her decision is correct because it is based on ethical judgment.

Question 29

The role of the helping professional is to change children's values to match her own so that the children may experience less conflict in the setting.

Question 30

An obsession is basically the same thing as a compulsion.

Question 31

When Ms. Califano decides not only must she begin using time-out with Ian, but she must also communicate her decision to his parents, she is thinking about strategies.

Question 32

Physical abuse is sometimes accidental injury because it results from non-intentional behavior on the part of a family member, guardian, or caregiver.

Question 33

When talking with a child who is disclosing abuse, it is best to bring in an additional adult to listen so that the child's accounting can be corroborated.

Question 34

An adult who overhears a group of seven-year-olds talking about who they don't want to be friends with has an obligation to suggest that they reconsider whether this is an ethical way to behave.

Question 35

Based on the discussion of judgments in your textbook, it can be assumed that to ensure fairness, all children in a group should be made to comply with the same standards.

Question 36

The best indicator of people's values is what they say their values are.

Question 37

When making a judgment, alternative strategies that give priority to children's needs over adult needs take precedence over all other considerations.

Question 38

Core values are static and do not change as we get older.

Question 39

Reporting a case of suspected child abuse results in automatic arrest of the suspects.

Question 40

A myth about sexual abuse is that the offender is usually a member of the child's own household.

Question 41

The majority of adults who abuse children are suffering from severe psychological disorders.

Question 42

Discuss the important factors in responding appropriately to a child who has disclosed abuse.

Question 43

Describe the characteristics of children that might make them more likely targets for physical or sexual abuse. Relate these factors to the characteristics most often found in abusers.

Question 44

Identify 10 possible effects of child abuse on its victims.

Question 45

It is common for youngsters ages four through nine to tell untruths to protect themselves in incriminating situations or to make themselves seem more interesting.

Question 46

Identify and discuss three of the priority principles presented in Chapter 15 and give an example of each. Then discuss how the three principles you have chosen relate to one another.

Question 47

Define the term "ethics."

Question 48

Name two pitfalls associated with making day-to-day judgments.

Question 49

Name the six criteria one must consider in determining whether a child's behavior is extreme.

Question 50

Boys and girls are equally likely to become victims of sexual abuse.

Question 51

Behaviors that have the potential to hamper children's growth or development should be treated as extreme.

Question 52

Once you have reported a family for suspected child abuse, it is best to break all ties with them.

Question 53

Once made, judgments cannot be changed.

Question 54

Differentiate between child abuse and neglect by defining each.

Question 55

Childhood animal cruelty inevitably leads to later violence toward people.

Question 56

Identify the progression of steps one goes through when making a judgment.

Question 57

Describe a situation when you were working with the children and were required to make a judgment. Identify by name all elements that went into your decision and describe each in detail.

Question 58

Discuss the difference between an ethical judgment and the day-to-day judgments described in Chapter 15.

Question 59

When young people who are shy or so standoffish that they literally have no friends, it can be said that they are enmeshed in extreme behavior.

Question 60

It is important to document children's problem behaviors before contacting an outside consultant.