Deck 8: Cancer

Question 1

Severe sunburns in childhood are a risk factor for skin cancer in adulthood.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Cervical cancer occurs frequently in women in their twenties and thirties.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Use of tanning lamps is not linked to skin cancer because tanning lamps emit a safe form of UV radiation.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Leukemia is a tumour in the blood.

Question 5

Cancer kills more people in Canada annually than any other disease.

Question 6

The travelling and seeding of cancer cells beyond their site of origin is called metastasis.

Question 7

Benign tumours never pose a health risk.

Question 8

Malignant tumours are classified according to the types of cells that give rise to them.

Question 9

There is a link between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and ovarian cancer.

Question 10

Prostate cancers can be detected by a physical exam and by a blood test.

Question 11

Late onset of menstruation and early onset of menopause are risk factors for breast cancer.

Question 12

Regular exercise reduces the risk of colon cancer.

Question 13

Breast cancer is linked to alcohol consumption.

Question 14

All tumours are cancerous.

Question 15

Lung cancers have a high survival rate.

Question 16

Most women who are diagnosed with breast cancer have a family history of the disease.

Question 17

Cervical cancer is usually caused by an infection.

Question 18

If not detected early, basal cell skin cancer is the most dangerous skin cancer.

Question 19

Age is the strongest predictor of risk for prostate cancer.

Question 20

A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can reduce the risk of colon cancer.

Question 21

A tumour that is NOT cancerous is called

A) melanoma.
B) benign.
C) metastatic.
D) malignant.

Question 22

Most brain cancers develop without a specific trigger.

Question 23

Cigarette smoke is a complete carcinogen because it acts as both an initiator and a promoter.

Question 24

Antioxidants may act as anticarcinogens.

Question 25

Sunlight is a very important source of radiation.

Question 26

Melanoma usually appears at the site of a pre-existing mole.

Question 27

Which one of the following statements about cancer is FALSE?

A) Cancer comprises several diseases.
B) Cancer is characterized by controlled growth of cells.
C) Cancer may take the form of a tumour.
D) Cancer can metastasize.

Question 28

Cancer vaccines may be available for certain cancers soon.

Question 29

Smoking is the key risk factor for bladder cancer.

Question 30

Urban air pollution plays a significant role in the development of lung cancer for most people.

Question 31

Which of the following factors contributes to about 25% of all cancer deaths?

A) tobacco use
B) radiation
C) family history
D) alcohol use

Question 32

Alcohol is associated with an increased risk of several cancers.

Question 33

A malignant tumour is different from a benign tumour in that a malignant tumour is

A) less of a threat to the person.
B) capable of invading surrounding structures.
C) dangerous only if it interferes with bodily functions.
D) enclosed in a membrane and secretes toxins.

Question 34

Exposure to carcinogens in the environment causes about one-third of all cancers.

Question 35

Which of the following statements about leukemia is TRUE?

A) Leukemia produces tumours.
B) Leukemia cells are considered malignant.
C) Leukemia cells are benign.
D) Leukemia is not considered cancer.

Question 36

Bladder cancer is more common in women than men.

Question 37

Nitrites and nitrates are common food additives found in processed meat.

Question 38

Oral cancers are primarily the result of tobacco and alcohol use.

Question 39

A sore that does not heal may be a warning sign of cancer.

Question 40

Folic acid and calcium may provide protection against cancer.

Question 41

The most common cause of cancer death in North America is

A) breast cancer.
B) colon and rectal cancer.
C) prostate cancer.
D) lung cancer.

Question 42

Sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy is recommended to screen for ____________ cancer.

A) colon and rectal
B) uterine
C) throat
D) lung

Question 43

A physician who specializes in the study of tumours is known as a(n)

A) pediatrician.
B) surgeon.
C) internist.
D) oncologist.

Question 44

Lymphoma is cancer of the lymph nodes, part of the body's

A) blood-forming cells.
B) gastrointestinal tract.
C) connective and fibrous tissues.
D) infection-fighting system.

Question 45

Sarcomas arise from

A) connective and fibrous tissue.
B) epithelial layers.
C) blood-forming cells.
D) lymph nodes.

Question 46

One type of cancer that seems to be linked to a diet high in red meat is

A) cervical cancer.
B) lymphoma.
C) leukemia.
D) colon cancer.

Question 47

The most common form of cancer is

A) carcinoma.
B) melanoma.
C) sarcoma.
D) lymphoma.

Question 48

Leukemia is cancer of the

A) gastrointestinal tract.
B) lymph nodes.
C) urinary tract.
D) blood-forming cells.

Question 49

When cancer cells enter the lymph or blood system,

A) it is easy to stop their spread to other organs.
B) they can form secondary tumours elsewhere.
C) they are known as benign tumours.
D) the probability of cure increases.

Question 50

Death rates from lung cancer are

A) increasing among women.
B) rapidly declining in men.
C) highest in younger age groups.
D) low compared to other cancers.

Question 51

Smoking is responsible for what percentage of lung cancer?

A) 55%
B) 72%
C) 85%
D) 100%

Question 52

When a malignant tumour spreads to sites distant from the primary tumour, the process is known as

A) hyperplasia.
B) malignancy.
C) metastasis.
D) dysplasia.

Question 53

Which of the following poses the greatest threat for the development of lung cancer among non-smokers?

A) inactivity
B) sun exposure
C) high-fat diet
D) exposure to environmental tobacco smoke

Question 54

When there are no symptoms or other evidence of previously diagnosed disease, a cancer patient is said to

A) have metastasis.
B) be in remission.
C) be in an immune state.
D) have a benign tumour.

Question 55

A technique that detects lung cancer earlier than X-rays do is

A) MRI.
B) cell analysis.
C) spiral CT scans.
D) blood test.

Question 56

Cancers arising from connective and fibrous tissues such as bone, cartilage, or muscle are called

A) carcinomas.
B) sarcomas.
C) lymphomas.
D) leukemias.

Question 57

Which of the following is TRUE about cancer death rates since 1991?

A) Death rates from cancer are declining.
B) Death rates from cancer are increasing.
C) There has been no change in cancer death rates.
D) There is no reliable data available on cancer death rates.

Question 58

After what age should a stool blood test be a standard annual screening test?

A) 30
B) 40
C) 50
D) 60

Question 59

Lung cancer is

A) easily detectable in early stages.
B) the most common cause of cancer death in Canada.
C) difficult to cure at any stage.
D) caused only by cigarette smoking.

Question 60

Malignant tumours are classified according to

A) how quickly they divide.
B) how quickly they spread.
C) the type of cells that give rise to them.
D) the type of cells they are most likely to spread to.

Question 61

Risk factors for breast cancer include all the following, EXCEPT:

A) genetic factors.
B) diet.
C) hormonal factors.
D) previous injury to the breast.

Question 62

At what age does the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care recommend PAP screening?

A) 15
B) 25
C) 35
D) 45

Question 63

Cancer of the lining of the uterus is called ____________ cancer.

A) ovarian
B) endometrial
C) myeloma
D) cervical

Question 64

A woman is more likely to develop breast cancer if

A) she had her first child before age 30.
B) her diet is low in monounsaturated fat.
C) her diet is high in vegetables.
D) she is obese.

Question 65

Why has PSA testing for prostate cancer been the subject of controversy among experts?

A) because of its tendency to yield misleading results
B) because it causes painful side effects
C) because it is so expensive
D) because it is only available in certain parts of the country

Question 66

All the following are true about prostate cancer, EXCEPT:

A) is the third leading cause of cancer death in men.
B) is the most common cancer in males.
C) is influenced by diet and lifestyle.
D) is associated with lack of fruit and vegetable consumption.

Question 67

Daniel has a family history of colon cancer. To lower his personal risk of the disease, he should consider doing all the following, EXCEPT:

A) increasing his intake of fruits and vegetables.
B) being physically active.
C) increasing his intake of red meat.
D) using aspirin and ibuprofen regularly.

Question 68

Those most at risk of developing skin cancer include all the following, EXCEPT:

A) people who use tanning lamps.
B) people with naturally dark skin.
C) people with a family history of skin cancer.
D) fair-skinned people.

Question 69

Risk factors for endometrial cancer include all the following, EXCEPT:

A) using oral contraceptives.
B) late menopause.
C) obesity.
D) prolonged estrogen exposure.

Question 70

Scraping cells from the cervix for examination to screen for cancerous changes is called

A) cryotherapy.
B) curetting.
C) a PAP test.
D) an endometrial smear.

Question 71

The infection that puts women at risk for cervical cancer is

A) pneumonia.
B) hepatitis.
C) HPV.
D) strep throat.

Question 72

In some cases, cervical dysplasia develops into

A) cervical cancer.
B) HPV infection.
C) vaginal clear cell cancer.
D) chlamydia infection.

Question 73

The most common form of cancer in women is ____________ cancer; the most common cause of cancer death in women is ___________.

A) lung; breast
B) breast; lung
C) cervical; colon and rectal
D) melanoma; ovarian

Question 74

A signal of colon and rectal cancer is

A) high fever.
B) headaches.
C) cramping.
D) rectal bleeding.

Question 75

What do obesity and alcohol use have in common that increases breast cancer risk?

A) They increase glucose levels in the blood.
B) They increase estrogen levels in the blood.
C) They raise LDL cholesterol.
D) They slow the rate of cell growth.

Question 76

It is recommended that girls get an HPV/cervical cancer vaccine at what age?

A) 9
B) 10
C) 12
D) 16

Question 77

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for breast cancer?

A) alcohol use
B) early onset of menstruation
C) early motherhood
D) obesity

Question 78

Techniques for early detection of prostate cancer include a digital rectal exam and

A) ultrasound.
B) surgery.
C) a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test.
D) a CT scan.

Question 79

The Canadian Cancer Society recommends routine use of mammography to detect breast cancer for women over age

A) 20.
B) 30.
C) 40.
D) 50.

Question 80

Ovarian cancers

A) are relatively rare but have a high death rate.
B) are detectable with PAP tests.
C) decrease in incidence with age.
D) are usually found at an early stage.