Deck 7: Cardiovascular Health

Question 1

Prehypertension or mild hypertension can often be treated by changes in lifestyle alone.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Both the expression of anger and the suppression of anger may contribute to heart disease.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Men are more likely than women to have a heart attack in their forties.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Diets high in folic acid raise levels of homocysteine and CVD risk.

Question 5

The aorta is the body's largest artery.

Question 6

Sudden cardiac death is most often caused by angina pectoris.

Question 7

High LDL levels and low HDL levels lower the risk of heart disease.

Question 8

Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

Question 9

The most common surgical treatment for heart disease is an angiogram.

Question 10

Systole is the period of the heart's contraction.

Question 11

A stroke occurs when the blood supply to the brain is cut off.

Question 12

Alcohol use provides protection against CVD by lowering blood pressure.

Question 13

High socioeconomic status is associated with increased risk for CVD.

Question 14

C-reactive protein is associated with inflammation and increased CVD risk.

Question 15

The coronary arteries supply the heart muscle itself with oxygenated blood.

Question 16

The most common type of stroke is an ischemic stroke.

Question 17

Insulin resistance is a marker for metabolic syndrome.

Question 18

Hypertension usually has no warning signs.

Question 19

Increased physical activity may reduce one's triglyceride levels.

Question 20

Angina pectoris is another name for a heart attack.

Question 21

The large artery that receives blood from the left ventricle and distributes it to the rest of the body is called the

A) aorta.
B) vena cava.
C) pulmonary artery.
D) pulmonary vein.

Question 22

The most common congenital heart defects are holes in the walls of the heart that separate the chambers.

Question 23

Hemorrhagic strokes occur when a blood vessel in the brain bursts.

Question 24

The largest artery in the body is the

A) carotid.
B) atria.
C) aorta.
D) coronary.

Question 25

The large blood vessel through which waste-laden, oxygen-poor blood from the body travels is called the

A) vena cava.
B) aorta.
C) pulmonary artery.
D) ventricle.

Question 26

Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) are complications that follow a major stroke.

Question 27

The portion of the circulation governed by the right side of the heart is the _______________ circulation.

A) systemic
B) pulmonary
C) cerebral
D) extremity

Question 28

The arteries that branch from the aorta and provide blood to the heart muscle itself are _______________ arteries.

A) pulmonary
B) systemic
C) coronary
D) femoral

Question 29

Individuals who are most vulnerable to early onset of cardiovascular disease include all the following, EXCEPT:

A) smokers.
B) individuals with uncontrolled hypertension.
C) individuals with low cholesterol levels.
D) sedentary individuals.

Question 30

What is the number-one killer of Canadian women?

A) accidents
B) cancer
C) heart disease
D) stroke

Question 31

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common cause of sudden death among athletes younger than age 35.

Question 32

The two upper chambers of the heart in which blood collects before passing to the lower chambers are called

A) ventricles.
B) atria.
C) septum.
D) valves.

Question 33

Smoking increases cardiovascular risk in all the following ways, EXCEPT:

A) reducing high-density lipoproteins.
B) increasing blood pressure.
C) increasing heart rate.
D) increasing oxygen in the blood.

Question 34

How many chambers does the heart contain?

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) six

Question 35

Diastole is the

A) contraction of the heart.
B) relaxation of the heart.
C) main valve in the heart.
D) largest vein in the body.

Question 36

The left side of the heart pumps blood in the _______________ circulation.

A) pulmonary
B) systemic
C) cerebral
D) coronary

Question 37

The small blood vessels that connect the arteries and veins are the

A) venules.
B) arterioles.
C) capillaries.
D) vascules.

Question 38

All the following CVD risk factors can be changed, EXCEPT:

A) cholesterol levels.
B) cigarette smoking.
C) family history of CVD.
D) physical inactivity.

Question 39

What is the number-two killer of Canadian women?

A) breast cancer
B) ovarian cancer
C) heart disease
D) stroke

Question 40

Systole is the

A) normal pause between heartbeats.
B) normal rhythm of the heart.
C) contraction of the heart.
D) relaxation of the heart.

Question 41

Diabetics also have higher rates of all the following, EXCEPT:

A) hypertension.
B) obesity.
C) atherosclerosis.
D) dermatitis.

Question 42

The incidence of stroke more than doubles each decade after what age?

A) 45
B) 55
C) 65
D) 75

Question 43

The form of cholesterol that carries cholesterol out from the liver to other parts of the body and leads to cholesterol deposits on the artery walls is

A) HDL.
B) VLDL.
C) LDL.
D) triglyceride.

Question 44

Exercise alters blood fat levels by

A) raising LDL levels.
B) raising triglyceride levels.
C) raising HDL levels.
D) lowering HDL levels.

Question 45

Cholesterol is an important component of each of the following, EXCEPT:

A) cell membranes.
B) fluid that coats the liver.
C) protective nerve sheaths.
D) sex hormones.

Question 46

Evidence suggests that after a heart attack the risk of _________ rises.

A) obesity
B) diabetes
C) high blood pressure
D) cancer

Question 47

What is thought to be the closest thing we have to a magic bullet against heart disease?

A) red wine
B) weight loss
C) exercise
D) aspirin

Question 48

High blood pressure is best described as

A) a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a disease itself.
B) a side effect of cardiovascular disease.
C) a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
D) a disease.

Question 49

Men have a greater risk of heart attack and stroke than women do because

A) fewer women than men have hypertension.
B) women have larger coronary arteries than men do.
C) premenopausal women seem to be protected from heart disease by estrogen.
D) men have more severe heart attacks than women do.

Question 50

Hypertension probably contributes to atherosclerosis by

A) dilating arteries.
B) influencing cholesterol levels.
C) causing injury to the artery walls.
D) affecting sodium balance in the body.

Question 51

The College of Family Physicians of Canada recommends all adults over age ____ talk with their physician about whether cholesterol testing is appropriate for them.

A) 20
B) 30
C) 40
D) 50

Question 52

All the following are characteristics of Type D personality, EXCEPT:

A) pessimism.
B) angry outbursts.
C) general negativity.
D) unhappiness.

Question 53

The form of cholesterol that draws cholesterol out of the walls of the arteries and returns it to the liver for recycling is

A) HDL.
B) VLDL.
C) LDL.
D) triglyceride.

Question 54

Which of the following combinations would place someone at greatest risk for cardiovascular disease?

A) low HDL and low LDL
B) high HDL and high LDL
C) low HDL and high LDL
D) high HDL and low LDL

Question 55

All the following increase risk for cardiovascular disease, EXCEPT:

A) alcohol abuse.
B) low socioeconomic status.
C) high educational attainment.
D) social isolation.

Question 56

Which of the following Type A personality characteristics is least closely associated with heart disease?

A) hostility
B) hurrying
C) anger
D) cynicism

Question 57

Which of the following does NOT raise triglyceride levels?

A) excess body fat
B) very low carbohydrate diet
C) cigarette smoking
D) physical inactivity

Question 58

Sustained high blood pressure is an indicator of

A) emotional stress.
B) heart strength.
C) excessive force being exerted against artery walls.
D) an unhealthy ratio of HDLs to LDLs.

Question 59

Smoking harms the cardiovascular system in all the following ways, EXCEPT:

A) increasing adhesiveness of platelets.
B) reducing level of high-density lipoproteins.
C) increasing blood pressure.
D) decreasing plaque formation.

Question 60

Blood cell fragments that are necessary for the clotting of blood are called

A) platelets.
B) erythrocytes.
C) leukocytes.
D) macrophages.

Question 61

Blood viscosity can be reduced by

A) limiting fluid intake.
B) donating blood regularly.
C) taking iron supplements.
D) menopause.

Question 62

Which of the following is TRUE about homocysteine?

A) It is another type of cholesterol, similar to triglycerides.
B) Levels are higher in women than in men.
C) It helps repair the linings of arteries.
D) Levels are higher in people whose diets are low in folic acid.

Question 63

High uric acid levels in the blood may cause all the following, EXCEPT:

A) hypertension.
B) gout.
C) kidney stones.
D) diabetes.

Question 64

Which of the following is associated with metabolic syndrome?

A) high HDL
B) insulin resistance
C) low blood pressure
D) low triglycerides

Question 65

Which of the following statements about gender and CVD is true?

A) In Canada, CVD is the leading killer of men but not of women.
B) Estrogen may offer premenopausal women some protection against CVD.
C) The incidence of hypertension is higher in women than in men before age 55.
D) Women are more likely than men to have classic heart attack symptoms like chest pain.

Question 66

Among the following treatment options for mild to moderate hypertension, which should be the LAST option tried, after the others have failed to produce an improvement?

A) weight loss
B) change in exercise habits
C) reduced salt intake
D) drug therapy

Question 67

A sphygmomanometer is an instrument used to measure

A) blood pressure.
B) blood flow.
C) heart sounds.
D) cardiac output.

Question 68

If an artery in a limb becomes blocked, it causes

A) heart attack.
B) stroke.
C) peripheral arterial disease.
D) arthritis.

Question 69

High blood pressure is a health risk when it is

A) high most of the time.
B) the product of emotional excitement.
C) the product of exercise.
D) the product of sexual excitement.

Question 70

A blood pressure reading of 121/81 is classified as

A) normal.
B) high normal.
C) high blood pressure.
D) low normal.

Question 71

The LDL particle size that poses the greatest risk for CVD is

A) pattern A.
B) pattern B.
C) pattern C.
D) pattern D.

Question 72

C-reactive protein is released into the bloodstream in response to

A) free radicals.
B) antioxidants.
C) inflammation.
D) phytochemicals.

Question 73

When a coronary artery becomes blocked, the result is

A) a heart attack.
B) angina.
C) arrhythmia.
D) an obstructive embolism.

Question 74

Which one of the following factors is not associated with elevated levels of homocysteine?

A) being female
B) low intake of vitamin B-12
C) low intake of vitamin B-6
D) low intake of folic acid

Question 75

Atherosclerosis is

A) sustained, abnormally high blood pressure.
B) a condition resulting from the heart's inability to maintain its regular pumping force.
C) the thickening of artery walls by deposits of fatty substances.
D) severe chest pain caused by insufficient blood supply to the heart.

Question 76

The cut-off for blood pressure at or above which an adult is diagnosed with hypertension is

A) 120/80.
B) 130/80.
C) 140/90.
D) 150/90.

Question 77

Chest pain caused by lack of oxygen to the heart is called

A) thrombosis.
B) infarction.
C) hypertension.
D) angina.

Question 78

Which one of the following blood pressure readings would be considered optimal for a young adult?

A) 110/70
B) 120/88
C) 135/92
D) 144/90

Question 79

Heart attacks are most likely to occur during which hours of the day?

A) 6:00am and noon
B) noon and 6:00pm
C) 6:00pm and midnight
D) midnight and 6:00am

Question 80

When the heart contracts, called ____________, blood pressure ____________; when the heart relaxes, called ____________, blood pressure ____________.

A) diastole; increases; systole; decreases
B) diastole; decreases; systole; increases
C) systole; increases; diastole; decreases
D) systole; decreases; diastole; increases