Deck 9: Immunity and Infection

Question 1

Pathogens can enter the body through penetration of skin, by inhalation, or by ingestion.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The two main types of lymphocytes are T cells and B cells.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Viral meningitis is more dangerous than bacterial meningitis.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Antibodies are produced by macrophages.

Question 5

Illnesses caused by viruses are the most common forms of contagious disease.

Question 6

Rocky Mountain spotted fever and typhus are caused by rickettsia.

Question 7

Tuberculosis is a chronic bacterial infection that usually affects the brain.

Question 8

Toxic shock syndrome was first diagnosed in pregnant women.

Question 9

Pertussis is another name for whooping cough.

Question 10

Some of the common allergens include dust mites, mold and mildew, and insect stings.

Question 11

During the incubation period for an infectious disease, you do not have any symptoms of illness and are not contagious.

Question 12

Killer T cells can destroy cancer cells.

Question 13

All bacteria are harmful to the body.

Question 14

Anaphylaxis may be life threatening.

Question 15

Mycoplasmas are a common cause of pneumonia among college students.

Question 16

The use of over-the-counter antihistamines is a form of immunotherapy.

Question 17

Histamine production may cause congestion and sneezing.

Question 18

Live, attenuated vaccines are used to vaccinate against influenza.

Question 19

If an individual has active organisms replicating in his or her body, he or she may be contagious before experiencing any symptoms.

Question 20

Failing to finish a prescription of antibiotics is a factor in the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria.

Question 21

An organism that causes disease is a(n)

A) antigen.
B) toxin.
C) pathogen.
D) antibody.

Question 22

Obstacles to microorganisms entering the body include

A) enzymes.
B) cilia.
C) antibodies.
D) water.

Question 23

One of the best ways to break the chain of infection is to

A) wash your hands frequently.
B) use disinfectant agents when cleaning your house.
C) get boosters for immunizations 6 months early.
D) drink water only if it is fluoridated.

Question 24

A type of white blood cell that engulfs foreign organisms and infected, damaged, or aged cells is a

A) macrophage.
B) platelet.
C) lymphocyte.
D) neutrophil.

Question 25

Tears, saliva, and vaginal secretions are rich in ________ and _________ that break down and destroy many microorganisms.

A) histamines; antigens
B) antibodies; enzymes
C) macrophages; killer T-cells
D) lymphocytes; neutrophils

Question 26

Which one of the following is NOT a vector of disease?

A) contaminated soil
B) rats
C) ticks
D) mosquitoes

Question 27

Ebola hemorrhagic fever can spread widely because it has a long asymptomatic period following the initial infection.

Question 28

Microscopic, hair-like structures that sweep mucus and foreign substances out of the lungs are called

A) cilia.
B) phagocytic cells.
C) macrophages.
D) enzymes.

Question 29

An infection that travels throughout the body is called

A) transmitted.
B) lymphatic.
C) localized.
D) systemic.

Question 30

Prions are similar in makeup to spirochetes.

Question 31

Vessels and organs that collect excess fluids, filter disease-causing organisms and waste products, and return cleansed fluid to the general circulation belong to the _______________ system.

A) digestive
B) antibody
C) lymphatic
D) neutrophil

Question 32

All the following are considered portals of entry for a pathogen, EXCEPT

A) ingestion through uncontaminated food or water
B) inhaled through the mouth or nose
C) ingestion through contaminated food or water
D) through the skin or by direct contact

Question 33

A severe worldwide outbreak of a disease is called an epidemic.

Question 34

Stress may decrease T cell and antibody levels.

Question 35

White blood cells are produced in the

A) brain.
B) bone marrow.
C) heart.
D) gastrointestinal tract.

Question 36

Epstein-Barr virus causes infectious mononucleosis.

Question 37

West Nile virus and hantavirus infections primarily involve transmission by vectors rather than person-to-person spread.

Question 38

Multiple sclerosis is an example of an autoimmune disease.

Question 39

Malaria can cause severe anemia.

Question 40

The body's first line of defense against invasion of organisms is

A) the skin.
B) chlorination.
C) white blood cells.
D) fever.

Question 41

Lymphocytes that stimulate other lymphocytes to increase are called _____________ cells.

A) suppressor T
B) B
C) memory
D) helper T

Question 42

Antibodies have complementary surface markers that work with _______ like a lock and key.

A) histamines
B) antigens
C) T cells
D) cytokines

Question 43

The release of histamines does NOT cause _______________ in the affected area.

A) redness
B) swelling
C) infection
D) heat

Question 44

Chemicals responsible for the dilation and increased permeability of blood vessels in allergic reactions are called

A) histamines.
B) antigens.
C) antibodies.
D) lymphocytes.

Question 45

Lymphocytes that produce antibodies are called _______________ cells.

A) helper T
B) B
C) killer T
D) suppressor T

Question 46

Which of the following are examples of cytokines?

A) histamines and interleukins
B) interleukins and interferons
C) interferons and gamma globulin
D) gamma globulin and histamines

Question 47

A disease in which an individual's immune system attacks his or her own body's cells is called a(n)

A) autoimmune disease.
B) acquired immune response.
C) antibody deficiency disease.
D) natural immune disorder.

Question 48

All the following are types of white blood cells, EXCEPT

A) macrophages.
B) neutrophils.
C) lymphocytes.
D) antibodies.

Question 49

White blood cells that directly destroy virus-infected and cancerous cells are _________ cells.

A) helper T
B) suppressor T
C) natural killer
D) B

Question 50

Neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells are part of the ________ response to invading pathogens

A) natural
B) acquired
C) adaptive
D) cell-mediated

Question 51

Swollen lymph nodes are an indication of

A) anemia.
B) poor diet.
C) hemophilia.
D) infection.

Question 52

Lymph nodes

A) produce enzymes in the lymph.
B) are where macrophages congregate and filter pathogens from the lymph.
C) produce antibodies and antigens.
D) are part of the respiratory system.

Question 53

Lymphocytes that can get rid of cells of the body that have been invaded by foreign organisms or have turned cancerous are called

A) killer T cells.
B) helper T cells.
C) suppressor T cells.
D) phagocytes.

Question 54

A marker on the surface of a foreign substance that triggers the immune response is called a(n)

A) antibody.
B) lymphocyte.
C) antigen.
D) enzyme.

Question 55

Lymphocytes generated during an initial infection that circulate in the body for years and quickly destroy the specific antigens if they ever appear again are called ____________ cells.

A) killer T
B) helper T
C) suppressor T
D) memory T

Question 56

Which of the following are primary players in the body's immune response?

A) T cells
B) D cells
C) memory T and B cells
D) B cells

Question 57

Chemical messengers released by immune system cells that help amplify and coordinate the immune response are

A) cytokines.
B) antibodies.
C) antigens.
D) histamines.

Question 58

During this type of immune system response, the body's defense system literally eats invading pathogens.

A) acquired immunity
B) imagined immunity
C) natural immunity
D) adaptive immunity

Question 59

T and B cells change after contact with the pathogen in a(n) _______________ immune response.

A) acquired
B) imagined
C) natural
D) innate

Question 60

Macrophages

A) act as scavengers.
B) trigger the immune response.
C) counteract swollen lymph nodes.
D) are suppressor cells.

Question 61

Vaccines confer _______________ immunity.

A) active
B) passive
C) innate
D) natural

Question 62

Vaccines made from pathogens that have been killed in the laboratory, yet retain their ability to stimulate the production of antibodies, are used to provide protection against

A) measles.
B) mumps.
C) influenza.
D) rubella.

Question 63

The phase of the immune response in which suppressor T cells halt the immune response and restore the body's natural balance is

A) Phase 1.
B) Phase 2.
C) Phase 3.
D) Phase 4.

Question 64

Serum that contains a variety of antibodies and is injected to provide temporary immunity is called

A) plasma.
B) gamma globulin.
C) antivirals.
D) immunotherapy.

Question 65

The antibody most involved in triggering an allergic reaction is

A) immunoglobulin E
B) gamma globulin.
C) a mast cell.
D) histamine.

Question 66

The ability of memory lymphocytes to remember previous infections is known as

A) acquired immunity.
B) active immunity.
C) future immunity.
D) passive immunity.

Question 67

In the immune response, the phase in which killer T cells strike at foreign cells and at cells of the body that have been invaded and infected is called

A) recognition of the invading pathogen.
B) amplification of defenses.
C) cell-mediated immune response.
D) cell-dependent immune response.

Question 68

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding antibody-mediated immune response?

A) Antibodies work against infected body cells.
B) It is carried out by T cells.
C) Antibodies produce killer T cells.
D) Antibodies work against bacteria and viruses outside of body cells.

Question 69

An example of an autoimmune disease is:

A) Rheumatoid arthritis..
B) HIV.
C) Cancer.
D) Allergies.

Question 70

The substance that increases the inflammatory response and the secretion of mucus following exposure to an allergen is

A) immunoglobulin E
B) histamine.
C) interferon.
D) memory T cells.

Question 71

Substances that provoke allergies are known as

A) parasites.
B) antigens.
C) bacteria.
D) allergens.

Question 72

When the body recognizes a relatively harmless substance as a dangerous antigen and mounts an immune response, this response is called

A) passive immunity.
B) active immunity.
C) pathogenesis.
D) an allergic reaction.

Question 73

Key components of a typical asthma attack include all the following, EXCEPT

A) secretion of extra mucus.
B) inflammation of the airways.
C) spasm in the muscles surrounding the airways.
D) anaphylaxis.

Question 74

Immunization is based on the

A) body's ability to remember an encounter with a specific antigen.
B) body's ability to differentiate a harmful pathogen from a harmless one.
C) introduction of an unrelated pathogen into the body to stimulate antigen production.
D) introduction of killer T cells into the body.

Question 75

A person who is exposed to a disease and who is subsequently injected with antibodies produced by others has been given

A) active immunity.
B) passive immunity.
C) innate immunity.
D) natural immunity.

Question 76

In which of the following diseases would one NOT have received a vaccine from a "live but weakened" organism?

A) measles
B) mumps
C) rubella (German measles)
D) influenza

Question 77

A preparation of killed or weakened pathogens injected or taken orally to stimulate the body to produce antibodies is called a(n)

A) gamma globulin.
B) vaccine.
C) antibody.
D) immunoglobulin.

Question 78

Which of the following is NOT considered a common allergen?

A) pollen
B) viruses
C) molds
D) insect stings

Question 79

Lynette has begun feeling feverish and has a sore throat. Which phase of the immune response is she experiencing?

A) incubation
B) prodromal
C) clinical
D) initial

Question 80

Cell-mediated immune response

A) is a function of killer T cells.
B) is a function of B cells.
C) stimulates the production of antibodies.
D) uses antibodies to recruit macrophages to help clean up.