Deck 2: Evolution of Clinical Psychology

Question 1

The first psychological clinic was founded by ______.

A) Lightner Witmer
B) Wilhelm Wundt
C) James McKeen Cattell
D) William Tuke

Answer 1

Lightner Witmer

Question 2

Emil Kraepelin ______.

A) is considered a pioneer in the diagnosis of mental illness
B) authored an objective personality test that remains widely used among clinical psychologists today
C) created the first Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
D) argued for humane treatment of the mentally ill in France

Answer 2

is considered a pioneer in the diagnosis of mental illness

Question 3

James receives his doctorate in psychology in the late 1800s. Upon graduation, he is most likely to find employment as a ______.

A) clinician providing psychotherapy
B) clinician conducting psychological assessments
C) lecturer at a professional school of psychology that trains the next generation of practitioners
D) researcher in an academic setting

Answer 3

researcher in an academic setting

Question 4

At the first psychological clinic, the patients were primarily ______.

A) children with school-related problems
B) adults with personality disorders
C) children and adults with depression
D) couples experiencing relationship problems

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT true of Philippe Pinel?

A) Pinel helped to establish compassionate treatment of the mentally ill in England.
B) Pinel advocated for institution staff to record a patient's case history and ongoing treatment notes.
C) Pinel wrote Treatise on Insanity, in which he argued for empathy for the mentally ill.
D) Pinel created institutions where patients were given healthy food and kind treatment.

Question 6

Emil Kraepelin's two-category system of mental illness included ______, disorders caused by external factors, and ______, disorders caused by internal factors.

A) neuroses; psychoses
B) psychoses; neuroses
C) exogenous disorders; endogenous disorders
D) endogenous disorders; exogenous disorders

Question 7

______ was an early pioneer in the field of mental health who advocated for better treatment of the mentally ill in France.

A) Eli Todd
B) Edward Lee Thorndike
C) Philippe Pinel
D) Hermann Rorschach

Question 8

______ was an early pioneer in the field of mental health who advocated for better treatment of the mentally ill in England.

A) William Tuke
B) Philippe Pinel
C) Eli Todd
D) Henry Murray

Question 9

The journal founded by Lightner Witmer was titled ______.

A) Treatment of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
B) The Psychological Clinic
C) Behavior Change
D) Psychology and Cognition

Question 10

The discipline of clinical psychology didn't come into existence until ______.

A) around the turn of the 19th century
B) around the turn of the 20th century
C) the 1950s
D) the 1980s

Question 11

The ______, a residential treatment center for the mentally ill in England, served as a model for humane treatment facilities that subsequently opened throughout Europe and the United States.

A) Pinel Institute
B) Hartford Retreat
C) York Retreat
D) Todd Institute

Question 12

______'s work directly resulted in the establishment of more than 30 state institutions for the mentally ill throughout the United States.

A) William Tuke
B) Philippe Pinel
C) Eli Todd
D) Dorothea Dix

Question 13

The first edition of the DSM was published in ______.

A) 1896
B) 1926
C) 1952
D) 1980

Question 14

In 1800s Europe, mental illness was initially placed in one of two categories: ______, psychiatric symptoms, or ______, breaks from reality.

A) neuroses; psychoses
B) psychoses; neuroses
C) exogenous disorders; endogenous disorders
D) endogenous disorders; exogenous disorders

Question 15

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Each edition of the DSM has included fewer pages and diagnoses than the previous edition.
B) Specific diagnostic criteria have been a characteristic of the DSM since its first edition.
C) DSM-II introduced a multiaxial diagnostic system.
D) DSM-5, published in May 2013, is the most recent version of the manual.

Question 16

Lightner Witmer originally defined clinical psychology as related to the disciplines of ______.

A) philosophy and pathology
B) sociology, physiology, and communication sciences
C) medicine, education, and social work
D) psychiatry and anthropology

Question 17

The DSM is published by the ______.

A) American Psychological Association
B) National Association of Social Workers
C) American Psychotherapy Association
D) American Psychiatric Association

Question 18

______, a term coined by Emil Kraepelin, described a cluster of symptoms similar to what is now known as schizophrenia.

A) Dementia praecox
B) Paranoia
C) Depressive psychosis
D) Cyclothymic personality

Question 19

Eli Todd is most notable for ______.

A) creating an inkblot personality test that is still used by many clinical psychologists
B) advocating for humane treatment of the mentally ill in the United States
C) coining the term clinical psychology
D) creating the first widely used test of intelligence

Question 20

______ is credited with the first known publication in which the term clinical psychology was used.

A) Wilhelm Wundt
B) Lightner Witmer
C) Emil Kraepelin
D) Edward Lee Thorndike

Question 21

Which of the following assessment methods was created most recently?

A) MMPI
B) Thematic Apperception Test
C) NEO-PI-R
D) Rorschach Inkblot Method

Question 22

Currently, the most popular singular psychotherapy orientation among clinical psychologists is the ______ orientation.

A) behavioral
B) cognitive
C) psychodynamic
D) humanistic

Question 23

______ is a proposed criteria set in the current DSM that involves cutting, burning, or otherwise intentionally hurting one's own body without the intent to kill oneself.

A) Internet gaming disorder
B) Attenuated psychosis syndrome
C) Persistent complex bereavement
D) Nonsuicidal self-injury

Question 24

Clinical psychology's major contribution to World War I was ______.

A) the creation of tests to measure the intelligence of recruits
B) treatment for returning veterans with "shell shock"
C) development of effective interrogation techniques
D) coaching of newly trained fighter pilots

Question 25

The ______ has patients tell stories in response to cards that depict interpersonal scenes.

A) Rorschach Inkblot Method
B) Thematic Apperception Test
C) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
D) Wechsler Adult Story Scale

Question 26

David Wechsler created ______.

A) an inkblot test of personality
B) a popular objective questionnaire measuring symptoms of depression
C) a test of intelligence
D) the MMPI

Question 27

______ tests assume that people reveal their personalities by their responses to ambiguous stimuli, while ______ tests offer straightforward scoring and interpretation guidelines and are often in multiple-choice or true-false format.

A) Projective intelligence; objective intelligence
B) Objective intelligence; projective intelligence
C) Projective personality; objective personality
D) Objective personality; projective personality

Question 28

The current edition of the DSM contains "proposed criteria sets." These sets are ______.

A) descriptions of proposed disorders that may become official disorders in a future DSM edition
B) list of disorders that will be eliminated in a future version of the DSM
C) diagnostic aids to assist clinicians in distinguishing between disorders with similar presentations
D) a new classification system for personality disorders

Question 29

The historic Boulder conference took place in ______.

A) 1896
B) 1921
C) 1949
D) 1969

Question 30

______, more than any other activity, characterized clinical psychology during the earliest years of the profession.

A) Cognitive psychotherapy
B) Behavioral psychotherapy
C) Motivational interviewing
D) Assessment of intelligence

Question 31

______ are the authors of the TAT.

A) Christiana Morgan and Henry Murray
B) Lewis Terman and Alfred Binet
C) Edward Thorndike and Charles Spearman
D) Herman Rorschach and James Cattell

Question 32

The result of the Boulder conference was an agreement among clinical psychology training directors that ______.

A) PhD clinical psychology training should focus on clinical practice
B) research was the most essential facet of PhD clinical psychology training
C) both practice and research were important parts of PhD clinical psychology training
D) PhD clinical psychology training standards should be revised at least every 10 years

Question 33

At the 1896 convention of the American Psychological Association, when Lightner Witmer encouraged his colleagues to "throw light upon the problems that confront humanity," he meant that they should ______.

A) develop a diagnostic manual
B) open psychological clinics
C) convince local politicians to improve the conditions of inpatient facilities for the seriously mentally ill
D) organize and lobby for the right to prescribe medication

Question 34

The MMPI ______.

A) is an objective test of personality
B) was created prior to the Rorschach Inkblot test
C) is a projective test of personality
D) is modeled after the Thematic Apperception Test

Question 35

The Rorschach Inkblot Method is best identified as a(n)______.

A) projective intelligence test
B) objective intelligence test
C) projective personality test
D) objective personality test

Question 36

From roughly 1900 to 1950, the treatment of mental illness ______.

A) did not exist
B) was conducted primarily by clinical psychologists
C) was conducted primarily by physicians
D) was conducted primarily by counseling psychologists

Question 37

Which approach to psychotherapy that arose in the 20th century emphasized empirical methodology and the study and treatment of measurable, observable symptoms?

A) psychodynamic
B) behavioral
C) humanistic
D) cognitive

Question 38

In the early 1900s, ______ created a test of intelligence to help the French school system determine if students should qualify for special services.

A) Lewis Terman
B) David Wechsler
C) Alfred Binet
D) Harland Stanford

Question 39

Psychotherapy began to play a significant role in the history of clinical psychology around ______.

A) 1900-1910
B) 1940-1950
C) 1970-1980
D) 1990-2000

Question 40

June believes there is one general intelligence that overlaps with many abilities. Which of the following theorists is most likely to agree with June?

A) Edward Lee Thorndike
B) Charles Spearman
C) Alfred Binet
D) Lewis Terman

Question 41

David Wechsler is most famous for creating ______.

Question 42

Briefly explain how the size and scope of the DSM has changed since its original edition.

Question 43

Briefly explain the fundamental differences between projective personality tests (e.g., Rorschach, TAT) and objective personality tests (e.g., MMPI, MMPI-2, and NEO-PI-R).

Question 44

Internet gaming disorder, attenuated psychosis syndrome, persistent complex bereavement, and nonsuicidal self-injury are discussed in the text as "proposed criteria sets" in DSM-5. First, explain what is meant by proposed criteria sets. Second, select one of the disorders and briefly describe its symptoms.

Question 45

The Rorschach Inkblot Method and the Thematic Apperception Test are both examples of ______.

Question 46

What historical event led psychologists to create the Army Alpha and Beta intelligence tests?

Question 47

Briefly summarize three of the ways in which war has influenced the history of clinical psychology.

Question 48

What historical event elevated psychotherapy to become one of the most common activities of clinical psychologists?

Question 49

Who founded the first psychological clinic?

Question 50

Who is considered the "father of descriptive psychiatry?"

Question 51

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory is an example of an ______ personality test.

Question 52

What organization is the author of the DSM-5?

Question 53

What population and what problems were addressed in the first psychological clinic?