Deck 7: Diagnosis and Classification Issues: Dsm-5 and More

Question 1

In the United States, what is the most up-to-date, prevailing diagnostic guide for mental health professionals?

A) International Classification of Diseases, 9th Edition
B) International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition
C) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition
D) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 6th Edition

Answer 1

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition

Question 2

DSM-III ______.

A) contained less disorders than DSM-II
B) was significantly longer in length than DSM-II
C) emphasized psychoanalytic and psychodynamic perspectives
D) introduced the General Adaptation Scale, which clinicians used to rate patients' health on a 100-point scale

Answer 2

was significantly longer in length than DSM-II

Question 3

During the late 1800s and early 1900s, the primary purpose of diagnostic categories was ______.

A) the diagnosis of prisoners
B) the collection of statistical and census data
C) compliance with health insurance and managed care company policies
D) to offer guidance toward particular forms of medication and psychotherapy

Answer 3

the collection of statistical and census data

Question 4

The DSM is primarily authored by ______.

A) social workers
B) counselors
C) psychologists
D) psychiatrists

Question 5

DSM-I and DSM-II ______.

A) were empirically based
B) reflected a psychoanalytic orientation
C) included lists of specific symptoms or criteria for each disorder
D) offered significant generalizability and clinical utility

Question 6

According to the harmful dysfunction theory of mental disorders, when we try to determine what is abnormal, we should consider ______.

A) scientific or evolutionary data, as well as social values that provide context for the behavior
B) the social constructs that regulate behavior and thought
C) cognitive contributions to irregular behaviors
D) behavioral, as well as psychoanalytic, components of abnormality

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a part of DSM-5's definition of a mental disorder?

A) clinically significant disturbance in cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior
B) dysfunction in mental functioning
C) usually associated with significant distress or disability
D) consists of behaviors witnessed in less than 30% of the population

Question 8

The DSM reflects a medical model of psychopathology. This means that ______.

A) each mental disorder is a byproduct of a medical disorder centered in a part of the body other than the brain
B) each mental disorder is an entity defined categorically and features a list of specific symptoms
C) medication is the only acceptable form of treatment for mental disorders
D) psychotherapy cannot be expected to succeed unless it is accompanied by medication

Question 9

The first edition of the DSM contained only three broad categories ______.

A) psychoses, neuroses, and character disorders
B) internalizing, externalizing, and mediating disorders
C) primary, secondary, and tertiary disorders
D) Freudian, Jungian, and undifferentiated disorders

Question 10

DSM-III differed from its predecessors in all of the following significant ways EXCEPT that it ______.

A) introduced a multiaxial diagnostic system
B) listed specific diagnostic criteria to define disorders
C) featured a greater reliance on empirical data rather than clinical consensus
D) emphasized psychoanalytic and humanistic perspectives

Question 11

Disorders such as attenuated psychosis syndrome are not official diagnoses and are listed as ______ in DSM-5.

A) upcoming diagnoses
B) research disorders
C) proposed criteria sets
D) culture-bound syndromes

Question 12

Emil Kraepelin was a pioneer of the diagnosis of mental disorders. Among the categories he identified were ______, which is similar to the current label of bipolar disorder, and ______, which is similar to the current label of schizophrenia.

A) manic-depressive psychosis; dementia praecox
B) anxiety neurosis; disorderly thought psychosis
C) dementia praecox; separation disorder
D) anxiety neurosis; separation disorder

Question 13

The first edition of the DSM was published in ______.

A) 1914
B) 1930
C) 1952
D) 1986

Question 14

Hippocrates identified an imbalance in ______ as the source of abnormality.

A) the ego
B) spiritual harmony
C) bodily fluids
D) the unconscious

Question 15

Jerome Wakefield is the creator of the theory of ______.

A) harmful dysfunction
B) the unconscious
C) aberrant behavior
D) categorical disorders

Question 16

DSM-III was published in ______.

A) 1952
B) 1968
C) 1980
D) 1994

Question 17

All editions of the DSM have been published by the ______.

A) American Psychiatric Association
B) American Psychological Association
C) American Psychological Society
D) American Counseling Association

Question 18

In the mid-1900s, ______ developed a classification system to treat World War II soldiers that had a significant influence on the creation of the first DSM.

A) NATO
B) the World Health Organization
C) the U.S. Army and Veterans' Administration
D) the European Psychiatric Association

Question 19

Attenuated psychosis syndrome ______.

A) is not mentioned in the current DSM
B) is listed as a proposed criteria set in the "Emerging Measures and Models" section of the current DSM
C) is listed as an official disorder in the current DSM
D) is included in the current DSM as a subtype of major depressive disorder

Question 20

DSM-5 contains a list of "unofficial" disorders that are not yet diagnosable. In what section of DSM-5 are these proposed disorders listed?

A) Disorders for Further Consideration
B) Emerging Measures and Models
C) Proposed Criteria Groups
D) Initial Disorders for Discovery

Question 21

Categorical diagnosis of mental illness has many advantages, including that it ______.

A) facilitates easier communication between professionals
B) forces professionals to think categorically
C) promotes sharper problem-solving abilities
D) is easily adapted into a dimensional model of diagnosis

Question 22

What central feature of DSM-III, DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, and DSM-IV-TR was eliminated in DSM-5?

Question 23

______, a new disorder in DSM-5, is described by some as frequent temper tantrums in children 6-18 years of age.

A) Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
B) Mild neurocognitive disorder
C) Somatic symptom disorder
D) Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Question 24

Internet gaming disorder ______.

A) is a new diagnosis included in DSM-5
B) is listed in the Emerging Measures and Models section of DSM-5
C) is a diagnostic criterion revised from DSM-IV to DSM-5
D) is diagnosed when an individual uses income from stolen goods to pay for online gaming memberships

Question 25

Compared to the definition of generalized anxiety disorder in DSM-5 (2013), the definition of anxiety neurosis in DSM-II (1968) ______.

A) contains more specific diagnostic criteria
B) contains more terminology derived from psychoanalysis
C) lists more specific quantities and timeframes
D) is essentially the same; there is little difference between the two definitions

Question 26

Recent editions of the DSM, including DSM-5, have received numerous criticisms. Which of the following statements is inconsistent with the criticisms discussed in the textbook?

A) The breadth of coverage of recent DSMs was expanded too much.
B) The cutoffs that separate those who qualify for disorders from those who do not are often arbitrary rather than empirically based.
C) Diagnoses such as premenstrual dysphoric disorder demonstrate a significant reduction in DSM gender bias.
D) Nonempirical influences, such as political and social forces, may have too much influence on the decisions made by DSM authors.

Question 27

All editions of the DSM have offered a ______ approach to diagnosis.

A) dimensional
B) symptom- or criteria-based
C) categorical
D) multiaxial

Question 28

What is harmful dysfunction theory?

Question 29

DSM-5 was published in ______.

A) 1980
B) 1994
C) 2001
D) 2013

Question 30

Which edition of the DSM was the first to rely heavily on empirical data to determine which diagnoses to include?

Question 31

DSM-5 has received numerous criticisms. Which of the following is NOT a criticism discussed in the textbook?

A) DSM-5 was not expanded enough, and as a result, the current edition includes approximately the same number of disorders as the original edition.
B) While developing DSM-5, the authors were selective and vague with information they shared with the general public.
C) The membership of Work Groups was composed primarily of researchers, not clinicians.
D) DSM-5's price is significantly higher than that of previous editions.

Question 32

Where are disorders such as attenuated psychosis syndrome and Internet gaming disorder listed in DSM-5?

Question 33

Researchers who endorse the dimensional approach to diagnosis of mental problems most often recommend that ______ serve as the basis for the dimensions.

A) the five-factor model of personality
B) cognitive thought distortion categories
C) Holland's typologies
D) the Myers-Briggs types

Question 34

List two of the new mental disorders introduced in DSM-5.

Question 35

Essentially, a categorical approach to diagnosis of mental disorders suggests that an individual ______.

A) either has or does not have a disorder
B) has every disorder to some extent
C) can only be diagnosed with one disorder at a single point in time
D) can have multiple disorders at the same time only if those disorders fall within the same larger category, such as depressive disorders or anxiety disorders

Question 36

In recent years, researchers have offered alternatives to the categorical approach to the diagnosis of mental disorders. Specifically, the ______ approach has received significant attention, especially regarding the ______ disorders.

A) dimensional; anxiety
B) dimensional; personality
C) multiaxial; mood
D) medical model; eating

Question 37

DSM-5 was created by ______.

A) soliciting and summarizing public opinion on which disorders in DSM-IV should be eliminated
B) prominent researchers who were members of a Task Force and Work Groups
C) the American Counseling Association
D) the same organization that publishes the International Classification of Diseases

Question 38

The DSM reflects a ______ model of psychopathology.

Question 39

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Although many publications print the newest diagnostic manual's title as DSM-5, the correct printing requires a Roman numeral (DSM-V).
B) As with previous editions, the current edition of the DSM instructs clinicians to provide multiaxial diagnoses.
C) The current DSM requires a GAF score to accompany all diagnoses.
D) The current DSM eliminates the five-axis diagnostic system.

Question 40

Based on the textbook, which of the following is NOT a revision to a mental disorder that was included in DSM-5?

A) The "bereavement exclusion" included in the diagnostic criteria for a major depressive episode was dropped.
B) Asperger's disorder was expanded and can now be diagnoses as mild, moderate, or severe Asperger's disorder.
C) The age at which symptoms must first appear in individuals diagnosed with ADHD was changed from 7 to 12 years old.
D) The frequency of binges required for bulimia nervosa was decreased to once per week.

Question 41

Compare and contrast Jerome Wakefield's definition of a mental disorder with the definition offered by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

Question 42

List one criticism of recent editions of the DSM.

Question 43

Compare and contrast the categorical and dimensional approaches to diagnosis.

Question 44

The ______ approach to diagnosis examines where on a continuum a client's symptoms fall.

Question 45

Unlike its predecessors, the "5" in DSM-5 is an Arabic numeral, not a Roman numeral (e.g., DSM-IV). Explain why the authors of the DSM made this change and what it suggests about the DSM.

Question 46

Briefly explain how the profession of the primary authors of the DSM, as well as its publisher, has influenced its approach to conceptualizing mental disorders.