Deck 6: Technology and Society

Question 1

John Hall developed a method of precision machine production that made:

A) musket manufacture more difficult.
B) interchangeable parts possible.
C) each part different and unique.
D) fewer products available.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Through Mao Zedong's Cultural Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s, China:

A) became a manufacturing powerhouse.
B) fell into ruin.
C) attempted to purge Western technologies from its culture.
D) became a technology leader.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A greatly improved steam engine was devised by:

A) Emile Durkheim.
B) James Watt.
C) Max Weber.
D) Herbert Spencer.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The production of uniform, substitutable parts is called:

A) acculturation.
B) diffusion.
C) standardization.
D) homemade uniqueness.

Question 5

Why should we be concerned about the technology of the future? What social factors influence technological development?

Question 6

How does technology influence social change? Why and how are class systems related to technology?

Question 7

The QWERTY keyboard:

A) serves an important purpose for society today.
B) served an important purpose in the past and is still necessary today.
C) served an important purpose in the past and is unnecessary today.
D) was invented accidentally.

Question 8

What were the social and economic effects of standardization, interchangeability, and mass production?

Question 9

Ultimately, advances in machine technology tend to:

A) increase cost.
B) increase prices.
C) reduce how much people can buy.
D) make room for new products.

Question 10

Technology also affects traditional societies in all of the following ways except:

A) making people worse off materially.
B) introducing large income inequalities.
C) increasing Westernization of culture.
D) new job creation.

Question 11

A growing domestic market, plentiful raw materials, and scarcity of labor all favored American
(U)S.):

A) inability to turn to machine technology.
B) lack of opportunities in mass production.
C) industrialization.
D) satisfaction with dependency on European industry.

Question 12

Today, modern machine technology has created great numbers of jobs that require:

A) unskilled labor.
B) no specialized training.
C) routine manual labor.
D) specialized skills or knowledge.

Question 13

Capitalist technologies have inevitably led to capitalist countries developing:

A) class equality.
B) a class system.
C) less class distinctions.
D) more blue-collar job opportunities.

Question 14

It pays to use a machine in place of human labor:

A) only when physical strength is involved.
B) depending upon the income of the human worker.
C) whenever the machine can perform the job in question.
D) only in companies with more than 50 employees.

Question 15

Technological development has also created all of the problems listed except:

A) disruption of domestic life.
B) crowded towns and cities.
C) health hazards
(occupational).
D) the overall loss of employment opportunities.

Question 16

Potential technological developments in the future:

A) are limited only by the imagination.
B) will not prove unnecessary.
C) will not occur because we will all know all we need to.
D) will not occur because we will all fear to learn more.

Question 17

Which is not an effect on society of interchangeability and mass production?

A) Businesspeople moved up the social ladder.
B) War and killing increased.
C) Individual skilled workers were held in higher esteem.
D) Food prices decreased.

Question 18

Are there sufficient resources for society to continue to grow? What three factors determine economic activities?

Question 19

Interchangeability and mass production in an assembly line:

A) increased the price of a car in the 1920s.
B) in general increased the status and pay of skilled workers.
C) increased the cost of arms and ended all wars.
D) decreased the price of a car in the 1920s.

Question 20

How is modern technology related to the need for skilled and unskilled workers? Do machines cause a decline in total employment?

Question 21

John Gorrie was a doctor trying to help patients with malaria when he invented the first air conditioner.

Question 22

Modern machine technology has eliminated great numbers of jobs that require specialized skill or knowledge.

Question 23

The gradual warming of the earth's temperature due to the burning of fossil fuels is called:

A) the ice age.
B) glaciation.
C) acclimatization.
D) climate change.

Question 24

Futurists can help us reflect and think about:

A) what our futures will be with 100 percent certainty.
B) the implications of possible future changes.
C) the lack of importance of all past history.
D) how the present is unimportant.

Question 25

Resources become scarce:

A) more and more as they are depleted.
B) only once they have been used up.
C) only when government policies limit use.
D) depending on their demand created by technology.

Question 26

Developments in industrial technology have diminished the importance of an individual's physical strength.

Question 27

Advances in machine technology progressively decrease total job opportunities and total employment.

Question 28

Precision machine production made mass production obsolete and too costly.

Question 29

The process of canning foods was initially motivated by a desire for increased military success.

Question 30

Geologists have been calling for a new "age"-the age of man-called:

A) the Industrial Age.
B) the Anthropocene Age.
C) the Millennial Age.
D) the Future Age.

Question 31

The Napoleonic Wars helped the process of American industrialization.

Question 32

Technological change:

A) has slowed drastically.
B) only affects a small part of our lives.
C) will continue affecting our lives greatly.
D) is not an issue that social scientists concern themselves with.

Question 33

John Gorrie was a doctor who invented the:

A) air conditioner.
B) elevator.
C) motor car.
D) television.

Question 34

Musket manufacture was important in the development of the idea of interchangeability of parts.

Question 35

The manufacturing activity transferred from the U.S. to countries like India and China proved only to benefit these countries' economies and societies.

Question 36

Which of these factors might, in the long run, slow down technological progress?

A) The decreasing power and importance of labor unions.
B) Lobbyists for intellectual property rights.
C) Lower costs of research and equipment necessary for developing new technologies.
D) Less receptive attitude of society toward change.

Question 37

The Industrial Revolution involved the replacement of power-driven machines by hand tools.

Question 38

The Internet is speeding the process of the disintegration of world economies through regionalization.

Question 39

The supply of natural resources depends on:

A) only geographical factors.
B) economic planning more than technology.
C) social availability more than technology.
D) the type of technology we have.

Question 40

The development of robots has increased the number of routine jobs.

Question 41

China attempted to kept Western technologies out until their conscious adaptation in the early 1900s.

Question 42

The first six letters on the top of a keyboard spell QWERTY.

Question 43

Both the technology and economic activity of a society are entirely determined by the extent to which various natural resources are available.

Question 44

Potential technological developments in the future are limited only by the imagination.

Question 45

Technology is the universe of tools, means, and methods through which we interact with our environment.

Question 46

Technological progress is often speeded up by organized pressure groups that have an interest in a particular technology.

Question 47

Technology can be both a solution and cause of social problems.

Question 48

Technology has played a dominant role in shaping our modern world.

Question 49

Thanks to a UN climate summit in 2009, much of the world operates under a global treaty to attempt to slow down global warming.

Question 50

Technological discoveries and breakthroughs also have social and cultural consequences.

Question 51

Most scientists are now convinced that global warming is not taking place.

Question 52

Which factor does not contribute to income inequality as a result of technological change?

A) Intellectual property laws.
B) Healthy competition among those who have access to new technologies.
C) First mover advantage.
D) Consolidation of control over new technology.

Question 53

How many raw materials are needed to satisfy our needs is dependent upon technology.

Question 54

Technological progress occurs without reference to social conditions.