Deck 28: Europe and the Western Hemisphere Since 1945

Question 1

Between 1945 and the late 1970s,

A) of the nations of Europe, only France had fully recovered from the physical devastation of World War II.
B) the British governments abandoned the "welfare state" after losing Britain's empire.
C) Charles de Gaulle had crafted an ingeniously oblique fascist state until he was toppled from power due to his inability to restrain terrorism in Algeria and Vietnam.
D) the gross domestic product of France grew at an average annual rate of 5.5 percent during the decade following 1958.
E) British economic growth averaged over ten percent per year during the 1950s.

Answer 1

the gross domestic product of France grew at an average annual rate of 5.5 percent during the decade following 1958.

Question 2

As a result of Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal, all of the following became part of a new pattern of American development EXCEPT

A) a significant increase in the authority and importance of the national government.
B) a growing importance of organized labor in the economics and politics of the nation.
C) a wholehearted commitment to all aspects of the communist welfare state.
D) an awareness of the problems faced by America's minorities.
E) a greater willingness to stimulate the economy via deficit spending by the government.

Answer 2

a wholehearted commitment to all aspects of the communist welfare state.

Question 3

What was true of Helmut Kohl?

A) He oversaw the reunification of Germany, with all its related economic concerns.
B) He was a Christian Socialist.
C) He was responsible for the collapse of the German economy.
D) He refused to raise taxes.
E) He was reelected in 1998.

Answer 3

He oversaw the reunification of Germany, with all its related economic concerns.

Question 4

The European Community was primarily

A) an economic union.
B) a political union.
C) a military alliance.
D) restricted to the nations of southern and eastern Europe.
E) a passing phenomena, which disappeared after the ending of the Cold War.

Question 5

The new prime minister of Great Britain immediately after World War II, Clement Attlee,

A) included two Communist members in his cabinet.
B) was a leftist revolutionary, whom the king removed two months after he took office.
C) favored abolition of all private banks in the country.
D) established the welfare state in Britain.
E) blocked parliamentary consideration of a National Health Insurance Act.

Question 6

Charles De Gaulle did NOT

A) see France increase its gross domestic product while he was in office.
B) create the Fifth Republic.
C) increase the power of the office of president.
D) come to power because of the Algerian crisis.
E) endeavor to make France a major nuclear power.

Question 7

Which country in 2004 prohibited female students from wearing the hijab (headscarf) to school?

A) United States
B) Iraq
C) Sweden
D) France
E) Great Britain

Question 8

The policy known as Ostpolitik

A) almost led to East German absorption of West Germany.
B) was designed by Charles De Gaulle.
C) was designed by Conrad Adenauer.
D) increased cultural, personal, and economic relations between West and East Germany.
E) was an attempt by East Germany to unite with West Germany.

Question 9

Which country took the lead in the sexual revolution of the 1960s?

A) France
B) United States
C) Britain
D) Spain
E) Sweden

Question 10

The European Union attempted to establish common foreign policy goals among its disparate members through the ​

A) Lisbon Treaty.
B) Atlantic Treaty.
C) Treaty on European Union.
D) Treaty of Rome
E) Committee on Unity.

Question 11

What did the disintegration of post-World War II Yugoslavia result in?

A) the dictatorship of Marshal Tito
B) a union of Slovenia and Croatia
C) the peaceful merger of Serbia and Croatia
D) the triumph of Bosnia over Serbia
E) the Serbian policy of "ethnic cleansing"

Question 12

John F. Kennedy spent much of presidency focused on

A) domestic programs.
B) racial tensions in America.
C) foreign affairs.
D) the space race.
E) ending poverty.

Question 13

The term "ethnic cleansing" is associated with the tragedy in which occurred in

A) the Czech Republic, with the breakup of Czechoslovakia.
B) Bosnia, during the breakup of Yugoslavia.
C) Poland, with the overthrow of the Communist government by Solidarity.
D) the Ukraine, with the atomic explosion at Chernobyl.
E) East Germany, with the fall of the Berlin Wall.

Question 14

In 2010, the thirteen-year rule of Britain's Labour Party came to an end as which conservative became Prime Minister?

A) Margaret Thatcher.
B) Gordon Brown.
C) Tony Blair.
D) David Cameron.
E) John Major.

Question 15

What did Thatcherism do?

A) It increased the benefits of the welfare state.
B) It restricted union power.
C) It increased the power of the labor unions.
D) It resulted in high unemployment in southern England.
E) It ended capitalism in Britain.

Question 16

Which post-World War II European countries have elected female heads of state?

A) Germany and France
B) France and Britain
C) Britain and Germany
D) Belgium and Britain
E) France and the Netherlands

Question 17

The founding of the European Economic Community (EEC)

A) initially received strong encouragement from the Soviet Union, which played a leading role until the Cold War erupted.
B) established a customs union for its six member states.
C) initially embraced the Benelux countries, along with Sweden and Czechoslovakia.
D) was initially designed with the hope it would stabilize employment for the working classes, but this hope was soon shown to be impossible.
E) was publicly opposed by the United States and the Soviet Union, both of whom threatened military action.

Question 18

Who is the longest-serving elected head of state in the European Union?

A) de Gaulle
B) Thatcher
C) Kohl
D) Sarkozy
E) Merkel

Question 19

Under the leadership of Konrad Adenauer

A) West Germany refused to reconcile with its ancient enemy, France.
B) West Germany experienced an incredible economic collapse in the decade after 1945.
C) West Germany rebuilt its economy and increased growth.
D) East and West Germany were reunited.
E) the Berlin Wall was torn down.

Question 20

In 2000, fighting in which breakaway Russian state reduced the republic's capital of Grozny to ruins? ​

A) Georgia.
B) Kasavyurt.
C) Chechnya.
D) Dagestan.
E) Makhachkala.

Question 21

Canada

A) had only a cautious, minimal subsidy program to private insurance companies to cover catastrophic health insurance for its citizens until 1999.
B) like Latin America, has an economy based entirely on the export of raw materials.
C) has only a poor working class with an average income considerably lower than that of blue-collar workers in Latin America.
D) supported a free-trade agreement with the U.S. that was unpopular with many voters.
E) has three official languages: English, French and Cree.

Question 22

All of the following are correct regarding the presidency of George W. Bush except

A) he raised taxes on the wealthy to balance the government budget.
B) he experienced very low approval ratings from the public.
C) he weakened environmental laws.
D) discontent with the war in Iraq reduced his popularity with the voters.
E) the Department of Homeland Security was established.

Question 23

Which Canadian leader sought to privatize many of Canada's state-run corporations? ​

A) Pierre Trudeau
B) Lester Pearson
C) Jean Chrétien
D) Brian Mulroney
E) Stephen Harper

Question 24

After 1946, higher education in Western Europe

A) continued to draw students from the wealthier classes until the 1990s.
B) saw fees increased in a number of universities and enrollment grew dramatically.
C) experienced an influx of students from the middle and lower classes.
D) declined because of a severe economic recession.
E) heavily emphasized vocational education rather than the traditional curriculum.

Question 25

Which statement about postwar Canadian political development is correct?

A) Lester Pearson advocated political union with the United States.
B) The Liberal Party created Canada's welfare state.
C) Brian Mulroney opposed a free trades agreement with the United States that was very well received by all Canadians.
D) Quebec will be granted independence in 2006, as a result of the national referendum.
E) Vast oil reserves were discovered off the coast of British Columbia.

Question 26

Bill Clinton's presidency was marked by

A) dramatic public spending.
B) an increase in the budget deficit.
C) an economic revival and reduction in the federal deficit.
D) the Persian Gulf War.
E) stagflation.

Question 27

President George W. Bush's administration struggled with all of the following concerns EXCEPT

A) Congressional vetoes on his tax cut initiatives.
B) declining popularity in his second term
C) Hurricane Katrina.
D) terrorist attacks on the U.S.
E) the war in Iraq.

Question 28

Which of these statements accurately describes developments relating to Cuba in the late 1950s and early 1960s?

A) President Johnson authorized the CIA to train Cuban exiles to invade the island.
B) The Bay of Pigs disaster resulted in a Soviet decision to place Soviet missiles in Cuba.
C) Fidel Castro was overthrown by Fulgencio Batista.
D) Ché Guevara successfully established a communist government in Bolivia.
E) Fidel Castro withdrew Cuba from the United Nations.

Question 29

Jimmy Carter was defeated for reelection in 1980 in part because of ​

A) his hostility toward Jews and Arabs proved politically fatal.
B) the economic crises of stagnant oil prices and deflation.
C) the struggling economy and the Iranian hostage crisis.
D) his failure to obtain the release of American spies held by Communist Russia.
E) his association with the Watergate era of politics.

Question 30

Which of these politicians would NOT be described as a dictator?

A) Fulgencio Batista
B) Juan Perón
C) Vicente Fox
D) Fidel Castro
E) Marshal Tito

Question 31

All of the following are correct regarding the presidency of Bill Clinton except

A) Clinton claimed he was a "new Democrat."
B) he adopted a number of conservative policies.
C) because of his misconduct with a White House intern, he was not reelected in 1996.
D) the government budget deficit was reduced during his administration.
E) his vice president, Al Gore, was defeated in the 2000 election.

Question 32

The Reagan Revolution included all of the following measures EXCEPT ​

A) strong support for labor unions and war on poverty programs.
B) a decrease in spending on social welfare programs.
C) a reduction in job training initiatives.
D) an increase in military expenditures.
E) huge growth in federal budget deficits.

Question 33

Throughout Europe, during the decade between 1948 and 1957,

A) enrollment in universities experienced a steady decline.
B) prostitution became rampant.
C) the number of cars tripled.
D) there was a return to the traditional occupation of farming.
E) economic growth stagnated.

Question 34

Major developments in Latin America since 1955 have included

A) large increases in the incomes of peasants and industrial workers.
B) sharp reductions in foreign debt in the 1970s, as governments worked to reduce outsiders' control of their economies.
C) an end to the cultivation of coca and marijuana in the region by 1990.
D) an increase in the number of democratic regimes in the 1980s and 1990s.
E) the outbreak of serious interracial conflict, often sparking large urban riots and frightening outbreaks of savage "ethnic cleansing."

Question 35

The leader of the successful revolution in Cuba in December, 1958 was

A) Pedro Ramos.
B) Fidel Castro.
C) Fulgencio Batista.
D) Ernesto Ché Guevara.
E) Juan Perón.

Question 36

The Cuban Revolution

A) provided help only for the large ranchers and owners of sugar plantations.
B) achieved success in programs related to health and education.
C) ended Cuba's reliance on sugar production.
D) has not been affected by the economic impact of the fall of Communism in Europe and the Soviet Union.
E) led to a steep decline in the nation's health and education standards.

Question 37

The debt crisis in Latin America in the 1980s

A) led to student uprisings.
B) was accompanied by massive militarization in the region.
C) was joined by a move toward democracy.
D) hurt the middle class more than other classes.
E) strained ties with the U.S. and other countries.

Question 38

The movement for civil rights in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s

A) was strongly opposed by Malcolm X, a white political leader from Illinois.
B) inspired a "white backlash" which aided a national trend toward greater political conservatism
C) received no governmental support until 1974.
D) was a catalyst which energized the Indian and black minorities, who together composed thirty-four percent of the nation's population.
E) finally achieved the right to vote for all black American adults as a result of the Proclamation of 1953.

Question 39

Which statement about Argentina is FALSE?

A) In order to combat its opposition, the Perónist government employed fascist gangs to overawe opponents.
B) Eva Perón opposed the women's organizations that supported the Peronistas.
C) Governmental corruption and ineffectiveness resulted in a military coup in 1955.
D) The loss in the Falklands opened the door to greater democracy in the 1980s and 1990s.
E) The military regime murdered perhaps 6,000 leftists in 1976.

Question 40

Richard Nixon

A) pursued a "northern strategy," making civil rights a central plank in his political platform.
B) ordered the killing of four students at Ohio's Kent State University by army soldiers.
C) refused to end the Vietnam War.
D) used illegal methods to obtain information from his political rivals.
E) made minor mistakes, but he was careful not to lie to Congress or the people.

Question 41

Popular culture ​

A) is, to a significant degree, created in the United Kingdom and then, in part at least, spread to other Western areas and beyond.
B) has proven unexpectedly resistant to exploitation by commercial interests.
C) became, in the area of sports, highly commercialized during the second half of the twentieth century.
D) is mainly Asian in emphasis.
E) has had little influence on most of the world's peoples.

Question 42

Which statement about increased permissiveness in Western society is accurate?

A) Permissiveness dropped significantly after 1955.
B) Sexual habits have not been affected by the new attitudes.
C) Increased drug consumption became a part of modern permissiveness for many.
D) No relationship can be discovered between pornography, prostitution, and modern attitudes of permissiveness.
E) Political consciousness and youth protest has shown no relationship to rising permissiveness.

Question 43

Terrorists in the 1970s and 1980s primarily

A) blew up buildings around the world.
B) focused their attacks on women.
C) wanted greater integration into mainstream culture.
D) hijacked planes and took hostages to gain attention to their demands.
E) considered suicide an honor.

Question 44

The greatest human-made environmental disaster of the second half of the twentieth century occurred at

A) Samarkand.
B) Chernobyl.
C) Aswan.
D) the Three Gorges.
E) Agra.

Question 45

In the twentieth century, Western women have

A) experienced a dramatic change in status.
B) been unaffected by modern developments in contraception and abortion techniques.
C) found little support for birth control and abortion.
D) found fewer professional opportunities available to them than before 1910.
E) abandoned professional careers for the profession of homemaker.

Question 46

Jackson Pollock was a practitioner of ​

A) Existentialism.
B) Absurdism.
C) Pop Art.
D) Abstract Expressionism.
E) Postmodernism.

Question 47

Germany's "economic miracle" resurrection was led by which Chancellor?

A) Hannah Vogt
B) Margaret Thatcher
C) Konrad Adenauer
D) Helmut Kohl
E) David Cameron

Question 48

Samuel Beckett, in Waiting for Godot, developed the dramatic movement known as

A) Cubism.
B) the Theater of the Absurd.
C) Synergetic Surrealism.
D) Monism.
E) Didacticism.

Question 49

Which of these statements accurately describes recent environmental developments?

A) The most visible environmentally-based movement in the 1980s was the Green Party in Germany.
B) Green movements have developed in an effort to restrict the spread of environmental-protection efforts.
C) Communist regimes were the creators of the environmental movement.
D) Greens in northern Europe are now focused on animal rights issues only.
E) Charter 77 worked diligently to advance the appropriate development of pollution because its members believed pollution indicated progress.

Question 50

Who was the feminist author who wrote The Second Sex?

A) Simone de Cognac
B) Simone de Beauvoir
C) Adrienne Koch
D) Germaine Greer
E) Christabel Pankhurst

Question 51

In 1986, a nuclear disaster which occurred in this place served to enhance European awareness of environmental problems.

A) Samarkand
B) Chernobyl
C) Aswan
D) the Three Gorges
E) Agra

Question 52

All of these statements about consumer society are correct EXCEPT ​

A) the number of blue collar workers increased after the 1960s.
B) there was an increase in real wages for many.
C) the number of people engaged in agriculture dropped significantly.
D) installment plan buying increased.
E) there was a growth mass leisure.

Question 53

The two writers who were closely associated with existentialism were

A) Jackson Pollock and Simone de Beauvoir.
B) Samuel Beckett and Timothy Leary.
C) Alan Turing and J. Robert Oppenheimer.
D) E. F. Schumacher and Bob Dylan.
E) Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus.

Question 54

Terrorism is often motivated by all of the following except ​

A) the desire for revolutionary upheaval.
B) nationalistic desires aimed at creating new states.
C) desires for political retribution.
D) a desire to invoke political, social, and religious pluralism.
E) religious commitments and beliefs.

Question 55

Which of these is not a post-World War II artistic movement?

A) existentialism
B) postmodernism
C) post-structuralism
D) Dadaism
E) deconstruction

Question 56

The ____ was most influential in revolutionizing computer design. ​

A) Internet
B) transistor
C) work of Robert Oppenheimer
D) personal computer
E) development of computer languages

Question 57

Demonstrations occurred on university campuses during the 1960s for all of the following reasons except

A) protests against the Vietnam War.
B) grade inflation.
C) irrelevant educational requirements.
D) desire for greater involvement in the running of the university.
E) overcrowded classrooms and uncaring professors and administrators.

Question 58

The so-called "Americanization of the world" refers to the

A) spread of U.S. movies and other popular culture globally.
B) power of the U.S. military.
C) global might of the U.S. economy.
D) expansion of the U.S. educational system abroad.
E) the bleak world-view of absurdist drama and literature.

Question 59

Student campus activism was fueled by all of these concerns EXCEPT

A) anti-Vietnam War.
B) anti-communism.
C) irrelevant educational requirements.
D) increased materialism in the Western world.
E) overcrowded classrooms and uncaring professors and administrators.

Question 60

Existentialists believed that ​

A) there was a transcendent being who gave meaning to life.
B) God was the Prime Mover and First Cause, and not merely a Christian, Jewish, or Islamic God.
C) humankind had a preordained destiny.
D) the world was without meaning.
E) Marxist socialism was preferable to democratic capitalism.

Question 61

The protests on January 22, 2016 marked the largest single-day protest in U.S. history.

Question 62

Postmodernism focuses on the belief that there is an objective truth

Question 63

The participation of women in World Wars I and II helped them achieve the right to vote.

Question 64

A war against people in this country left the Muslim population in desperate straits; a cease fire agreement was reached in 1995.

A) Serbia
B) Croatia
C) Macedonia
D) Bosnia
E) Albania

Question 65

West German Chancellor Willy Brandt received the Noble Peace Price in 1972 for his "opening toward the East" policies.

Question 66

Student demonstrations in Mexico City in 1968 brought about the fall of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) and the immediate election of Vicente Fox.

Question 67

When Iranian terrorists killed eleven Israeli athletes at the 1972 Moscow Olympic Games, hundreds of millions of people watched the dramatic incident on television.

Question 68

Charles de Gaulle returned to power in France as a result of the crisis in Vietnam

Question 69

Because of the feminist movement, by the 1960s, working-class women were making salaries equal to those of men performing equivalent work.

Question 70

To ensure the natural replacement of a country's population, women need to produce an average of 3.1 children each.

Question 71

By the beginning of the twenty-first century, the two Eastern European states that were most successful in making the transition to democracy and free markets were Poland and the Czech Republic.

Question 72

Because of the growth of sexual permissiveness, there was a trend towards larger families beginning in the 1960s

Question 73

The leader of this country was Slobodan Milošević:

A) Serbia
B) Croatia
C) Macedonia
D) Bosnia
E) Albania

Question 74

By the 1970s, Latin American governments attempted to maintain their failing economies by borrowing from abroad, particularly from banks in Europe and the United States

Question 75

British Prime Minister Tony Blair's popularity declined because of his support of the United States war in Iraq.

Question 76

Because of the feminist movement, by the 1960s, working-class women were making salaries equal to those of men performing equivalent work.

Question 77

The disintegration of Czechoslovakia led to ethnic cleansing in Bosnia and Kosovo.

Question 78

After World War I, countries such as Sweden, Britain, Poland and Czechoslovakia rewarded women's wartime contributions by granting them the right to vote.