Deck 27: Brave New World: Communism on Trial

Question 1

At the close of World War II, the Soviet Union

A) had increased food production by tapping new, rich lands in Siberia and Turkmenistan.
B) decided to provide a "socialist bonus" of more consumer goods for the masses by slowing the expansion of heavy industry.
C) was in short supply of housing, and continued to be in short supply.
D) sharply reduced military spending, but only after the surrender of Japan.
E) moved toward greater liberalization.

Answer 1

was in short supply of housing, and continued to be in short supply.

Question 2

Under Brezhnev, economic incentives in the Soviet Union

A) were increased in an attempt to bolster a stagnant agriculture.
B) made it possible for globally acclaimed Russian writers like Alexander Solzhenitsyn to travel outside the country to promote their work.
C) loosened up the "one child" policy that went into effect immediately after World War II.
D) were rarely taken advantage of, as every Soviet citizen was guaranteed an opportunity to work by the constitution.
E) were non-existent.

Answer 2

were non-existent.

Question 3

As an instrument of perestroika, glasnost allowed

A) the banning of many books.
B) criticism of the government and Soviet society.
C) the exclusion of Western culture from the Soviet Union.
D) the abandonment of political reforms.
E) the development of factories in Siberia.

Answer 3

criticism of the government and Soviet society.

Question 4

After assuming control of the Soviet Union, Nikita Khrushchev's policies

A) became much more conservative than they had been before he replaced Georgy Malenkov.
B) decreased Stalinist repression and freed all political prisoners.
C) were characterized by a program of de-Stalinization and broader intellectual tolerance.
D) diminished the spirit of rebellion in the Soviet satellites by abolishing dozens of government ministries in an effort to wipe out corruption.
E) opened up previously unfarmed land in the Balkans to further agricultural growth.

Question 5

The Soviet industrial growth rate declined to ___% in 1964.

A) 3
B) 7.5
C) 12
D) 15.5
E) 20

Question 6

Approximately ____ Soviet citizens were held in Siberian concentration camps on Stalin's order.

A) 5 million
B) 9 million
C) 11 million
D) 12 million
E) 15 million

Question 7

Mikhail Gorbachev

A) was the well-placed son of the head of the state oil-refining corporation.
B) was picked for political leadership because of his record as a KGB data interpreter.
C) had moved up rapidly since his appointment to the Party Central Committee in 1978.
D) had spent many years as a farmer.
E) had supported Mao Zedong against Nikita Khrushchev.

Question 8

Brezhnev

A) valued stability above all, and blocked any significant attempts to deal with economic or social problems.
B) greatly increased the funding for new agricultural areas in Kazakhstan and Mongolia.
C) sharply reduced the powers of the KGB and Interior Ministry.
D) was the first to finally break with Stalinism and to conciliate the Czech regime.
E) was a sincere admirer of the policies of Khrushchev.

Question 9

Major problems facing the Soviet system, in the view of Gorbachev, included

A) low agricultural productivity, which he compared to that of high-achieving Canadian farmers.
B) the unexpected reappearance of collective patriotism among the ninety-two ethnic groups in the Soviet Union.
C) the demand of conservative members of the military and political elite to bring about changes they felt necessary to protect social stability and their statuses.
D) the United States threat to use nuclear weapons against Communist Cuba.
E) hyperinflation as the consequence of the Soviet Union's consumer boom.

Question 10

In the early 1970s,

A) Ho Chi Minh was elected mayor of Saigon and, two years later, of Hong Kong.
B) Yuri Andropov made major changes in Soviet industrial management by giving top positions in the oil and transport industries to executives from Japan and the West.
C) Richard Nixon praised Mao Zedong's "mass line" system as not only effective but "as American as apple pie."
D) Stalin's reputation rose somewhat under Brezhnev's rule.
E) Lyndon Johnson ended the Vietnam War.

Question 11

Khrushchev

A) was determined to follow in Stalin's path, avoiding even the appearance of innovation.
B) was known as "old stone butt" by Western leaders.
C) was mocked as "Cotton Man" by many Russians.
D) permitted the publication of One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich.
E) praised Stalin at the Thirty-First Party Congress.

Question 12

The number of Soviet citizens who lost their lives in World War II is estimated at

A) two million.
B) five million.
C) ten million.
D) thirty million.
E) fifty million.

Question 13

Women helped rebuild the Soviet economy by

A) forming small agricultural collectives.
B) joining the country's public works force.
C) establishing various cottage industries.
D) practicing population control.
E) becoming factory workers.

Question 14

The Soviet Union's list of leaders of advanced age included all of the following EXCEPT

A) Khrushchev.
B) Brezhnev.
C) Chernenko.
D) Andropov.
E) Gorbachev.

Question 15

Joseph Stalin's post-World War II domestic policies

A) sought to end collectivization.
B) placed an emphasis on the growth of heavy industry.
C) focused on consumer goods.
D) led to the imprisonment of 2 million returning soldiers accused of "capitalist subversion."
E) called for the exile of thousands of former czarist officials.

Question 16

The Soviet economy

A) grew rapidly in the heavy industry sector during the late 1940s and the early 1950s.
B) was, unlike the capitalist economies, devoted to raising the living standards of the poorest workers, the "toiling masses."
C) obtained capital for expansion from overseas governments and investors.
D) was overseen from Gosplan headquarters in the Lyubyanka building in Kharkov.
E) became consumer driven, thus eliminating black-market activity.

Question 17

Soviet society during the Leonid Brezhnev years was marked by all of these characteristics EXCEPT:

A) a more restrictive attitude towards dissidents.
B) an educational system focusing on rote memorization and political indoctrination.
C) the idea that being exposed to foreign ideas, including rock music, was harmful to the Soviet people.
D) a willingness to allow the media to occasionally release uncensored news reports
E) a ban on raising children to be left-handed.

Question 18

Boris Pasternak first published his Nobel Prize-winning novel in

A) Russia.
B) England.
C) the United States.
D) France.
E) Italy.

Question 19

The ____ occurred while Khrushchev was in power.

A) fall of the Berlin Wall
B) Afghanistan occupation
C) enunciation of the Carter-Khrushchev Accord
D) Twentieth National Congress speech
E) Korean War

Question 20

Gorbachev's sweeping reform policies included

A) establishing an entirely free-market capitalist economy.
B) slowly moving toward a more centralized system of bureaucracy.
C) bolstering technology development on Soviet-owned land in Japan..
D) improving living standards by creating more jobs.
E) introducing two-candidate elections.

Question 21

The Chinese Communist Party has adopted the philosophy of ____ as an antidote to recent social and political challenges.

A) Deng Xiaoping
B) Lenin
C) Mao Zedong
D) Confucius
E) Sun Yat-sen

Question 22

Early in 1990, Gorbachev struck out Article 6 of the Soviet constitution, thereby

A) allowing women to divorce their husbands.
B) abolishing communism as an economic system.
C) installing Boris Yeltsin as his vice president.
D) legalizing the formation of political parties other than just the Communist Party.
E) organizing an armed coup d'état against the Soviet parliament.

Question 23

Which statement about events in Poland from 1980 to 1991 is FALSE?

A) Mass public demonstrations caused significant changes in government policy.
B) Huge hikes in food prices helped to give rise to Solidarity.
C) By the end of 1990, the nation had freely elected a new president.
D) Soviet troops occupied the country in December 1990.
E) Solidarity's support burgeoned and, by late 1981, it was backed by almost one-third of the population.

Question 24

The initial program of land collectivization in Communist China was

A) modeled after that created in India after 1947.
B) instituted before the first Five-Year industrial plan was begun.
C) done in a much less confrontational manner than Stalin had used in the Soviet Union.
D) able to achieve the increases in agricultural output that Mao had expected.
E) a highly successful attempt to increase China's agricultural production.

Question 25

In what country did Soviet troops crush a 1968 rebellion in 1968?

A) Czechoslovakia
B) Belarus
C) Lithuania
D) Poland
E) Ukraine

Question 26

Mao Zedong's New Democracy

A) was designed to expel the Turkic population from western China.
B) moved slowly, at first, in order not to alienate the peasants.
C) gave private land to five percent of peasant families, to increase collectivization.
D) was patterned on Stalin's "Open Society" plan.
E) was modeled upon that found in France during the "Terror."

Question 27

Which group or movement created huge rural communes, which proved to be an economic failure?

A) The Red Guard
B) The Great Leap Forward
C) The Uninterrupted Revolution
D) The Fifth Modernization
E) The Great Proletarian Revolution

Question 28

As a result of the excesses of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution's Red Guard, all of the following occurred EXCEPT

A) the "Gang of Four" were arrested and put on trial.
B) the radicals lost power.
C) Deng Xiaoping attained preeminent authority.
D) Mao and all his deeds disappeared from Chinese history books.
E) the "Four Modernizations" were instituted.

Question 29

Which of the following is not true about the events that occurred in the Soviet Union in December 1991?

A) Boris Yeltsin was president of the Russian Republic.
B) The Soviet Union was replaced by the Commonwealth of Independent States.
C) Gorbachev resigned and turned over his power as commander-in-chief to Yeltsin.
D) The Congress of People's Deputies denied Yeltsin the temporary power to rule by decree.
E) One of the largest empires in history came to an end.

Question 30

Under the new program of the "Four Modernizations" that began after Deng Xiaoping's political rehabilitation,

A) each peasant was required to produce enough food for ten people.
B) limited private capitalism was permitted to return to China.
C) socialism was abandoned in China.
D) Chinese society became much more isolated.
E) China became much more democratic.

Question 31

An unanticipated by-product of glasnost was

A) the establishment of a black market.
B) an increase in violent crimes.
C) a resurgence of ethnic tensions.
D) the return to a Stalinist regime.
E) a booming pornography industry.

Question 32

The Great Leap Forward

A) was an economic success, raising agricultural production fifteen percent in two years.
B) created huge rural communes but failed economically.
C) was a more conservative approach to land reform.
D) was aimed at organizing urban Chinese life.
E) produced such success that Mao became deified in China.

Question 33

Mao's ____ superseded all other learning sources during the Cultural Revolution.

A) "four olds"
B) Little Red Book
C) "thought"
D) Great Leap Forward
E) "capitalist road"

Question 34

The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution

A) enabled Mao to regain control of the party after the disastrous Great Leap Forward.
B) attempted to use conservative party members to "cleanse" China of "impure socialist elements."
C) created an academically more demanding curriculum in schools that stressed cogent thought and scientific training.
D) fostered literacy in rural China.
E) was directed mainly against middle-class Soviet technicians working in China.

Question 35

Lithuania declared its independence from the Soviet Union on

A) January 11, 1990.
B) March 11, 1990.
C) May 11, 1990.
D) December 1, 1991.
E) December 25, 1991.

Question 36

In May, 1989, the Chinese Communist rulers suppressed the "fifth modernization" by their action at

A) Hong Kong.
B) the Forbidden City.
C) Shanghai.
D) Tiananmen Square.
E) Democracy Wall.

Question 37

The saying "A revolution is not a dinner party" was first proclaimed by

A) Lenin.
B) Stalin.
C) Mao Zedong
D) Deng Xiaoping.
E) Liu Shaoqi.

Question 38

The concept of democracy was referred to in post-Mao China as the

A) "Singapore Model."
B) "cult of Confucius."
C) "fifth modernization."
D) "crouching tiger."
E) "Great Leap Forward."

Question 39

"Science and Democracy" was the battle cry of which rebellious group?

A) The Red Guard
B) University instructors
C) Opponents of Hu Jintao
D) Protesters at Tiananmen Square
E) Supporters of Xi Jinping

Question 40

Which statement about the events that occurred in the Soviet Union in December 1991 is FALSE?

A) Boris Yeltsin was president of the Russian Republic.
B) The Congress of People's Deputies denied Yeltsin the temporary power to rule by decree.
C) One of the largest empires in history came to an end.
D) Gorbachev resigned and turned over his power as commander-in-chief to Yeltsin.
E) The Soviet Union was replaced by a commonwealth of independent states.

Question 41

To limit its population growth, by 1970 China had established its

A) birth control incentive program.
B) one-child rule.
C) acceptance of divorce.
D) marriage choice law.
E) little emperors program.

Question 42

"Black cat, white cat, what does it matter so long as it catches the mice?" was said by

A) Mao Zedong.
B) Confucius.
C) Nikita Khrushchev.
D) Mikhail Gorbachev.
E) Deng Xiaoping.

Question 43

Today, China's population has surpassed ____ billion people.

A) 6
B) 4
C) 3
D) 2
E) 1

Question 44

The new policies advanced by Deng

A) were largely counterproductive, as employment and food production went down in the 1980s.
B) roughly doubled China's per capita income during the 1980s
C) combined economic collectivization and retaining political power in Communist hands.
D) re-enforced the economic policies of Mao Zedong.
E) "followed the socialist path."

Question 45

Because of the ideology of the class struggle of the proletariat, the new elite in the Soviet world was made up exclusively of peasants.

Question 46

Since the Communist Revolution, women in China have been

A) allowed to initiate divorce proceedings against their husbands.
B) discouraged from becoming politically active.
C) guaranteed equal rights with men, including the right to vote.
D) denied access to birth control.
E) heavily fined for pursuing cosmetic surgery to look more "western."

Question 47

A significant way in which China differed in implementing Communism from Russia was

A) Mao made a transition from agriculture to heavy industry over a gradual 25-year period.
B) New Democracy realized that time and indoctrination were needed to convince people this was the best way.
C) China had a longer-term tradition of university education that could be carried to the masses.
D) rejecting the used of collectivized agriculture.
E) None of these.

Question 48

The phrase "Little Emperors" refers to

A) an underground political party that seeks to reinstate a dynastic monarchy.
B) Chinese men who claim to be descendants of Mao.
C) China's spoiled only sons.
D) a popular western-style pop group from Beijing.
E) tiny statues created in Mao's likeness by activist-artist Ai Weiwei.

Question 49

The "queue psychology" illustrates the surplus of consumer goods available in the Soviet Union during the Brezhnev era.

Question 50

Areas in China where national minorities have exhibited unrest are

A) Tibet and Xinjiang.
B) Shanghai and Nanjing.
C) Shandung and Beijing.
D) Peking and Hunan.
E) Mongolia and Manchuria.

Question 51

The "rural responsibility system" called for the formation of agricultural collectives that

A) were held liable to collect their respective village's tax payments.
B) leased farmland on contract to peasant families.
C) forced peasant families to pay a quota in the form of rent to a village magistrate.
D) all Chinese farmers took responsibility for at harvest time.
E) was instituted by Mao after his initial agricultural reform failure during the Great Leap Forward.

Question 52

Mao argued for "uninterrupted revolution" because he and the Communist Party believed

A) that revolution tapped into a vital source of patriotic energy for the Chinese peasantry.
B) the remnants of feudal and Confucianist ideas would undermine the progress he had made.
C) the indoctrination of people was going to take a long time and needed to be perpetuated.
D) the United States would launch an attack on The People's Republic of China to support the pro-Western forces in Taiwan.
E) that Khrushchev had lost momentum when he allowed for a tenuous thaw in hardline policies.

Question 53

China's joined the World Trade Organization in

A) 1978.
B) 1984.
C) 1997.
D) 2001.
E) 2004.

Question 54

In the 1990s

A) the Chinese Communist Party has worked to conciliate the rural population by increasing the political democracy in urban areas.
B) rural conditions are more problematic, as most peasants have only superficially benefited from the post-Mao reforms, and corruption continues unchecked.
C) the Party is apparently experimenting with Confucianism and jingoistic nationalism to unite the society, and thus limiting individualism and economic expectations.
D) China's economy suffered a devastating depression.
E) China prohibited any further foreign investment.

Question 55

The text describes this woman's life in terms of love, marriage, school and wage gap.

A) Ai Wei-wei
B) Mo Yan
C) Yu Hua
D) Ding Ling
E) Zhang Xinxin

Question 56

Stalin's economic policy after World War II was more successful in providing consumer goods than in promoting the growth of heavy industry.

Question 57

During his rule, Mao's successor Deng Xiaoping was able to

A) launch the Great Cultural Revolution.
B) establish an essentially capitalist economy.
C) reunify mainland China with Taiwan.
D) make great strides in ending the chronic problems of poverty and underdevelopment.
E) implement new free speech initiatives, including protections for criticizing the government.

Question 58

The policy advocated by Georgy Malenkov after Stalin's death was known as:

A) peaceful coexistence.
B) Great leap forward.
C) square deal.
D) new course.
E) Samizdat.

Question 59

What has occurred in Chinese life since the Revolution?

A) Female foot binding has regained popular support.
B) Under Mao, the government made an effort to strengthen the role of the family.
C) Individual economic achievement was encouraged during the Cultural Revolution.
D) In the post-Mao era, there has been an emphasis on idealistic utopianism.
E) Today, many Chinese people, especially the young, are engaging in efforts to Westernize their dress and appearance.

Question 60

Who wrote Doctor Zhivago?

A) Ivan Denisovich
B) Yuri Andropov
C) Boris Pasternak
D) Konstantin Chernenko
E) Alexander Solzhenitsyn

Question 61

Chernobyl was the Russian word for "openness."

Question 62

Prostitution has increased and sex crimes have decreased since China opened itself up to western influences

Question 63

Khrushchev's fall from power in 1964 was due not only to his failed policies but also his personality, which had alienated other high Soviet officials.

Question 64

The Great Leap Forward resulted in the deaths of perhaps 11 million people because of starvation

Question 65

In the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, Mao was following his belief in "uninterrupted revolution."

Question 66

As recognition that Marxism-Leninism is losing its appeal in Communist China, Confucianism has regained official approval in recent years.

Question 67

The so-called "virgin lands" were located in Ukraine.

Question 68

In the fall of 2012, Xi Jinping took office as president of the People's Republic of China

Question 69

Writer Ding Ling, sent to a labor commune for criticizing the Communist Party, died while serving her sentence.

Question 70

In 2010, more cars were sold in China than in the U.S.

Question 71

China has been seeking to limit its rate of population growth since a misguided period in the mid-1940s.

Question 72

Deng Xiaoping came to power in the late 1970s.

Question 73

China's Four Modernizations included industry, agriculture, technology, and national defense..