Deck 20: The Americas and Society and Culture in the West

Question 1

All of the following were direct results of the Spanish-American War EXCEPT

A) Cuba became an American protectorate.
B) The United States annexed Puerto Rico.
C) American investment in Latin America increased.
D) Haiti gained independence.
E) American military action in Latin America escalated sharply.

Answer 1

Haiti gained independence.

Question 2

In nineteenth century Latin America, the basis of wealth, social prestige, and political power was

A) birth.
B) European ancestry.
C) trade and manufacturing.
D) land.
E) military power.

Answer 2

land.

Question 3

Emiliano Zapata

A) advocated exterminating the Indians in the northern part of the country while serving as Mexico's "elected caudillo."
B) was the second husband of Florence Nightingale.
C) amassed a peasant following and seized the estates of the Mexican elite.
D) was a close associate of United States President Woodrow Wilson.
E) admired Porfirio Diaz

Answer 3

amassed a peasant following and seized the estates of the Mexican elite.

Question 4

Among major changes in Latin America between 1870 and 1910 were

A) a sharp drop in the export of raw materials.
B) a steady increase in industrial production and exports due to massive European and East Asian investment in Latin American industrial facilities.
C) the loss of elite control over government policies.
D) the growth of the middle class.
E) the rise of labor unions in Argentina and Brazil to the point where each was able to elect a trade union leader as president in 1903 and 1905, respectively.

Question 5

As an example of rapid urbanization, the cities whose population grew from 172,000 to 2,700,000 and from 960,000 to 6,500,000 during the 1800s, respectively, were

A) New York and Tokyo.
B) Paris and London.
C) Berlin and Milan.
D) Berlin and London.
E) Batavia and Shanghai.

Question 6

What fueled the massive growth of cities in the second half of the nineteenth century?

A) The availability of affordable housing
B) The improvements in urban health and living conditions
C) The rise in home construction for the middle class
D) The relocation of key industries and jobs to urban areas
E) The tax incentives many municipalities provided for new business development

Question 7

In late-19^th century Latin American countries,

A) large landowners increasingly left the political scene.
B) constitutions similar to those in the U.S. and Western Europe were written.
C) voting-rights restrictions were gradually lifted.
D) dictatorships became obsolete.
E) armies ceased to intervene in national politics.

Question 8

The first important American colony was/were the

A) Samoan Islands.
B) Hawaiian Islands.
C) Philippine Islands.
D) island of Guam.
E) island of Puerto Rico.

Question 9

The first Mexican emperor was

A) Benito Juarez.
B) Simón Bolívar.
C) Father Miguel Hidalgo.
D) José de San Martín.
E) Augustín de Iturbide.

Question 10

After the nations of Latin America gained their independence in the nineteenth century, their economies became dominated by the

A) Dutch.
B) Americans.
C) British.
D) Spanish.
E) French.

Question 11

All of these statements about Latin America during the late nineteenth century are true EXCEPT

A) foreign investment increased significantly.
B) it was a time of greater prosperity in the region.
C) the upper classes throughout the region retained a tight control over political power.
D) all Latin Americans participated in the prosperity of the era.
E) the United States was becoming the chief foreign investor in the region.

Question 12

By 1900 the world's richest nation and greatest industrial power was

A) Great Britain.
B) Germany.
C) Russia.
D) the United States.
E) France.

Question 13

The liberators of Venezuela and Argentina, respectively, were

A) Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín.
B) Augustín de Iturbide and Toussaint Prado.
C) José de San Martín and Alfonso Stroessner.
D) Santa Ana and Toussaint L'Ouverture.
E) Benito Juarez and Vicente Rojas.

Question 14

In the United States in the early 1900s

A) wealth was widely dispersed, with the richest nine percent of the population in 1900 owning only fifteen percent of the wealth.
B) the nation was still primarily agrarian, with over three-fourths of the labor force owning farms.
C) the government had still refused to send troops outside the nation's territory, and would do so until it entered World War I in 1917.
D) socialists were strong enough to push laws dealing with meat inspection and a national health insurance system through Congress under Presidents Wilson and Debs.
E) over forty percent of the population lived in cities.

Question 15

United States foreign policy after 1890

A) was characterized by an expansion of American power into the Pacific and the Caribbean.
B) led to an extensive war with the population of the Hawaiian Islands.
C) was characterized by an unbending adherence to traditional isolationist policies.
D) was militarily directed against the French Empire.
E) led to war with Great Britain in 1898.

Question 16

All of these events happened in nineteenth century Canada EXCEPT

A) rebellions against British policy.
B) significant increases in immigration
C) Wilfred Laurier became its first prime minister.
D) establishment of the Dominion of Canada with its own constitution.
E) completion of a transcontinental railroad.

Question 17

Wilfred Laurier

A) was unsuccessful in developing Canadian industrialization.
B) smoothed relations between Canada's English- and French-speaking populations.
C) developed policies that discouraged European immigration into Canada.
D) was unable to bring a solution to the problem of French language education in Canada.
E) advocated independence for the Cree and Inuit peoples.

Question 18

Mexico's revolt against Spain

A) was largely unsuccessful.
B) was led by Simon Bolívar.
C) resulted in the overthrow of Augustín de Iturbide from power.
D) led to a new government that primarily benefited the elites.
E) brought dramatic political and economic changes.

Question 19

The Mexican ruler from 1876 to 1910 and the man who overthrew him were, respectively,

A) Jaime Cruz and Ernesto Guarracino.
B) Porfirio Díaz and Francesco Madero.
C) Emiliano Zapata and Pancho Villa.
D) Francesco Madero and Bernardo O'Higgins.
E) Benito Juarez and Venustiano Carranza.

Question 20

During the U.S. Civil War,

A) more than six hundred thousand soldiers on both sides died.
B) the South had the advantage in numbers of troops and other resources.
C) the war began with the goal of ending slavery but became a war to save the Union.
D) the South successfully blockaded Union ports.
E) northerners feared that lack of access to southern cotton would dampen support for the war effort.

Question 21

Romanticism emphasized

A) a commitment to group solidarity.
B) a focus on feeling, emotion, and imagination.
C) fascination with the future.
D) the common and the every day.
E) calmness and rationality.

Question 22

The first male-dominated occupation to be entered by women was

A) architecture.
B) teaching.
C) jurisprudence.
D) manufacturing.
E) nursing.

Question 23

One important benefit of the emergence of a new mass society was

A) greater unity between European factory workers and middle-classes, which together composed about 55 percent of the population.
B) increased voting rights for the lower classes.
C) development of a working class, comprising 45 percent of the population, whose numbers caused middle-class Europeans to fear a seizure of power by the workers.
D) greater equality between the sexes.
E) increasingly successful labor activism.

Question 24

During the ____, the United States experienced a great period of social reform.

A) Progressive Era
B) nineteenth century
C) Civil War
D) first World War
E) Age of Andrew Jackson

Question 25

Who or what guaranteed the independence of the new Latin American nations warned against European intervention in the Americas?

A) Simon Bolívar
B) The Treaty of Hidalgo
C) The Monroe Doctrine
D) Juan Manuel de Rosas
E) Augustín de Iturbide

Question 26

Professional mass sporting events provided people with

A) "bread and circuses," as both Marx and Bismarck, ironically, noted.
B) a direct, participatory role in the events they attended.
C) highly organized activities with extensive rules and officials to enforce them.
D) professional rugby matches staged by the American League.
E) an extension of their normal Sunday religious activities.

Question 27

The first European nation to grant women the right to vote was

A) Spain.
B) Britain.
C) France.
D) Norway.
E) Estonia.

Question 28

The hallmark of family life in the nineteenth century was the

A) escalating numbers of working class women in the labor force.
B) rejection of birth control.
C) trend toward making children the focus of family life.
D) rigidly defined gender roles with men as wage earners and women as homemakers.
E) declining infant mortality rates which meant slightly larger families.

Question 29

Which of the following is not an example of Romanticism?

A) Gustave Courbet's The Stonebreaker
B) Mary Shelley's Frankenstein
C) Edgar Allen Poe's "The Fall of the House of Usher"
D) Caspar David Friedrich's Man and Woman Gazing at the Moon
E) Eugene Delacroix's Women of Algiers

Question 30

Compulsory elementary education included all of the following except it

A) was supported by employers' growing needs for skilled workers.
B) was predominantly administered by female teachers after the 1880s.
C) dramatically increased adult literacy in western Europe.
D) produced a new mass culture that, in turn, created new forms of mass leisure.
E) sparked revolution in Germany against Otto von Bismarck.

Question 31

What was the most significant development in the modern Western family?

A) The sexual division of labor
B) The decline in the number of children born to the average woman
C) The delay of first marriage on the part of men
D) Women's tendency to work in the home
E) The introduction of piece work in the home economy

Question 32

Nineteenth-century Gothic literature emphasized

A) an attraction to the exotic and unfamiliar.
B) a love of nature.
C) a disdain for intellectual pursuits.
D) a disregard for emotion.
E) literary conformity.

Question 33

An early leader in the drive to professionalize nursing for women was

A) Francoise Jourdain in Belgium.
B) Amalie Jones in Great Britain.
C) Clara Barton in the United States.
D) Nora Ibsen in Norway.
E) Sylvia Pankhurst in Germany.

Question 34

All of these factors contributed to the rise of Nationalism in the 18^th and early 19^th centuries EXCEPT the

A) spread of printed material.
B) replacement of Latin with modern languages.
C) secularization of societies.
D) Napoleonic Wars.
E) U.S. Civil War.

Question 35

The radical suffragette in England who demanded votes for women was

A) Clara Barton.
B) Emmeline Pankhurst.
C) Elizabeth Pool Sanford.
D) Nora Helmer.
E) Florence Nightingale.

Question 36

Which of the following was not an incentive to promote mass education?

A) The German policy of restricting literacy to the upper and middle classes.
B) The reinforcement of moral values and social discipline.
C) The development of a trained workforce.
D) The reinforcement of nationalism and its associated loyalties.
E) The gradual spread of political democracy.

Question 37

In the effort to develop adequate housing for Europe's workers,

A) western European governments built public housing complexes beginning in the 1820s.
B) by the 1880s, there was an expansion of the role of government in providing housing.
C) city governments ignored this pressing social need in the years before World War I, except in Tallinn and Johannesburg.
D) the power of the liberal concept of minimized government produced no public action in this area.
E) Britain, notably, did nothing to aid its workers until after the Liverpool riot and fire of 1903.

Question 38

Romantic painters all sought to capture

A) the artist's intellect.
B) the artist's inner feelings.
C) a sense of classical timelessness.
D) the political turmoil of the age.
E) an objective image of the "real" world.

Question 39

What famous 19^th-century literary work championed women's independence?

A) Elisabeth Poole Stanford's Woman in Her Social and Domestic Character
B) Mary Shelley's Frankenstein
C) Edgar Allen Poe's The Fall of the House of Usher
D) Eugene Delacroix's Women of Algiers
E) Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House

Question 40

Which country was the first to grant women the right to control their own property?

A) Italy.
B) Germany.
C) Britain.
D) France.
E) Belgium.

Question 41

A Russian who worked in Germany, _____________ was one of the founders of abstract painting.

A) Mary Cassatt
B) Vincent van Gogh
C) Pablo Picasso
D) Wassily Kandinsky
E) Frank Lloyd Wright

Question 42

Which of these pairings is correct?

A) Pablo Picasso - Cubist
B) Casper David Friedrich - Gothic
C) Berthe Marisot - Realism
D) Gustav Flaubert -- Romanticism
E) Mary Shelley - Surrealism

Question 43

The creator of "relativity theory" was

A) Max Plank.
B) Albert Einstein.
C) Louis Sullivan.
D) Enrico Fermi.
E) Ludwig Holstein.

Question 44

Charles Darwin presented a theory of evolution that

A) claimed humans were aggregations of atomic attraction and radio-magnetic induction.
B) stated that all living things are involved in a struggle to survive.
C) excluded human beings from the process of natural selection.
D) strengthened the concept of the universe possessing purpose and design.
E) made human beings unique entities in the natural world.

Question 45

Who is credited with developing the germ theory of disease?

A) Michael Faraday
B) Dmitri Mendeleev
C) Albert Einstein
D) Louis Pasteur
E) Marie Curie

Question 46

___________ was extremely flexible and painted in a remarkable variety of styles; developed a new style called Cubism.

A) Mary Cassatt
B) Vincent van Gogh
C) Pablo Picasso
D) Wassily Kandinsky
E) Frank Lloyd Wright

Question 47

Who was a leading Impressionist artist?

A) Berthe Morisot
B) Vincent van Gogh
C) Gustav Dore
D) Pablo Picasso
E) Caspar David Friedrich

Question 48

Freud believed that human behavior was driven by

A) unconscious memories of past experiences.
B) human tendencies toward violence.
C) the struggle between good and evil in the subconscious mind.
D) the quest for power.
E) rational instincts.

Question 49

Which of the following about European Jews in the late-nineteenth century is FALSE?

A) Jews were widely represented among law and medical students in some countries.
B) Anti-Semitism was widespread throughout the societies in which they lived.
C) Anti-Semitism prevented them from achieving any professional success.
D) Zionism developed out of their desire to create their own nation-state.
E) Their migration to Palestine was opposed by the Turks, who controlled the region.

Question 50

The first real hero of Mexican independence was Miguel Hidalgo.

Question 51

Toussaint L'Ouverture became the leader of 1791 slave revolt in

A) Haiti.
B) Mexico.
C) the United States.
D) Latin America.
E) France.

Question 52

The late nineteenth century advocate of a separate Jewish state was

A) Albert Einstein.
B) Theodor Herzl.
C) Adolph Hitler.
D) Houston Stewart Chamberlain.
E) Max Planck.

Question 53

Sigmund Freud

A) based his ideas on a firm belief in the immutable rationality of human personality.
B) challenged the nineteenth century belief in progress with his stress on irrational and unconscious forces operating within a man life.
C) advanced the ideas of the id, the wunderkind and the quanta to explain human behavior.
D) was the leading European proponent of Social Darwinism.
E) coauthored Die Volk with Houston Stewart Chamberlain.

Question 54

Social Darwinism was given

A) a psychological dimension by Sigmund Freud.
B) a racial interpretation by Houston Stewart Chamberlain.
C) a scientific interpretation by Max Planck.
D) an economic interpretation by Adam Smith.
E) an artistic interpretation by Vincent von Gogh.

Question 55

According to ____, societies were organisms that evolved over time from a struggle with their environment.

A) Social Darwinism
B) the theory of relativity
C) Freud's theory of repression
D) Emmeline Pankhurst
E) the new scientific method

Question 56

Realism in the arts

A) preferred the exotic to the ordinary.
B) preferred poetry rather than prose.
C) never involved itself in social issues.
D) was the sole domain of the French.
E) was typified by the work of Courbet and Flaubert

Question 57

How did the elites governing the newly independent Latin American countries typically suppress the growth of labor unions in the early twentieth century?

A) They passed legislation outlawing labor unions.
B) They publicly executed labor leaders.
C) They confiscated the property of labor organizers.
D) They restricted freedom of the press and peaceful assembly.
E) They restricted workers' right to vote.

Question 58

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Mendeleev classified all of the then-known elements on the basis of their atomic weights.
B) Technological development before 1700 depended heavily on scientific research.
C) Nineteenth-century scientific discoveries resulted from earlier technological advances.
D) Nineteenth-century scientific advancement helped to foster secularization.
E) The theory of organic evolution, based on natural selection, demonstrated materialism.

Question 59

An example of a Post-Impressionist painter is

A) Picasso.
B) Morisot.
C) van Gogh.
D) Kandinsky.
E) Wright.

Question 60

According to __________, human behavior was strongly determined by the unconscious, by past experiences and internal forces of which people were largely oblivious.

A) Newton
B) Marie Curie
C) Max Planck
D) Albert Einstein
E) Sigmund Freud

Question 61

Albert Einstein proposed the theory of relativity.

Question 62

The United States seized control of the Hawaiian Islands from Spain in 1898.

Question 63

Louis Pasteur came up with the germ theory of disease.

Question 64

Urban populations increased significantly during the nineteenth century.

Question 65

Edgar Allan Poe was the author of the Gothic novel, Frankenstein.

Question 66

The Napoleonic Wars served to engender Nationalism in Europe.

Question 67

An example of Post-Impressionism in art was Vincent van Gogh's The Starry Night.

Question 68

The Women's Social and Political Union was a radical suffragette organization in England in the earth twentieth century.

Question 69

Slavery was abolished in Latin America by 1865.

Question 70

Realist writers emphasized emotion and sentiment.

Question 71

Members of the British women's movement staged media events such as throwing eggs at government leaders to draw attention to their cause.

Question 72

Florence Nightingale and Clara Barton were pioneers of the nursing profession.

Question 73

In the late nineteenth century, compulsory elementary education created a demand for teachers, and most of the teachers were women.

Question 74

Nationalism as a concept did not originate until the early 20^th century in Europe.

Question 75

Realism became dominant after 1900.

Question 76

Symbolists believed that it was possible to have objective knowledge about the world.

Question 77

In recognition of her non-violent and pacifist techniques, the suffragette Emmeline Pankhurt was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1905.

Question 78

Simon Bolívar freed southern South America from Spanish rule and became dictator of Chile.