Deck 13: The Byzantine Empire and Crisis and Recovery in the West

Question 1

Justinian's most lasting accomplishment was

A) his victory over the Ostrogoths.
B) his defeat of the Muslim armies outside of Constantinople.
C) the Corpus Iuris Civilis.
D) his victory over the Nika rioters.
E) the construction of Notre Dame.

Answer 1

the Corpus Iuris Civilis.

Question 2

The best-known Byzantine historian wrote about

A) military matters throughout Constantinople's history.
B) the codification of Roman law by Justinian.
C) the development of Constantinople.
D) the history of Greek philosophy.
E) the court of Justinian, particularly his wars of reconquest

Answer 2

the court of Justinian, particularly his wars of reconquest

Question 3

Iconoclasm was also found in which religion?

A) Catholicism
B) Buddhism
C) Islam
D) Judaism
E) Hinduism

Answer 3

Islam

Question 4

At the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, the

A) Seljuk Turks defeated the Byzantines.
B) Byzantines defeated the Normans.
C) Byzantines defeated the Seljuk Turks.
D) crusaders conquered Constantinople.
E) Ottoman Turks defeated the Byzantines.

Question 5

Which crusade was diverted from its original mission and ended up conquering a Christian city?

A) The First Crusade
B) The children's crusade
C) The Second Crusade
D) The Albigensian Crusade
E) The Fourth Crusade

Question 6

The ____ dynasty successfully restored Byzantine power in the ninth century.

A) Anatolian
B) Photian
C) Bulgarian
D) Justinian
E) Macedonian

Question 7

Economic prosperity under the Macedonian Dynasty was largely based on trade of

A) fur, wax, and honey.
B) silks and metalwork.
C) spices and glasswork.
D) exotic fruits and vegetables.
E) woolen rugs.

Question 8

The formal division between the Eastern Orthodox and the Western Christian churches began in 1054 with a disagreement over

A) the use of icons.
B) the emphasis on Aryanism in the East.
C) the superior ranking of the Pope over the Patriarch.
D) challenges to the absolute authority of the monarch as a matter of biblical interpretation.
E) approval of new sects of monasticism.

Question 9

The Byzantine theme

A) combined military and civil authority in one person.
B) was a military strategy relying upon Greek fire.
C) was the time during which the Eastern Roman Empire became known as the Byzantine Empire.
D) was a self-sufficient organization of peasants in Anatolia.
E) was the master plan for the rebuilding Constantinople under Justinian.

Question 10

Justinian's greatest construction achievement was

A) the Hippodrome.
B) building the walls that surrounded and defended Constantinople.
C) the royal palace at the Golden Horn.
D) the Hagia Sophia.
E) the Grand Mosque of Istanbul.

Question 11

Why was Justinian's codification of Roman law used in the West?

A) It was written in Latin.
B) Its success for the Byzantine convinced Western leaders to try it.
C) It was accessible when other texts at the time were not.
D) Its ideas proved to be appealing to a Western culture.
E) It was delivered to Western leaders by respected Eastern academics.

Question 12

Which Byzantine emperor blinded fourteen thousand Bulgar soldiers in the eleventh century?

A) Justinian
B) Theodericus
C) Basil II
D) Angelos
E) Alexios Comnenos

Question 13

What constituted the most serious threat to Justinian's rule?

A) The Blues and the Greens
B) The crusaders
C) The Muslims
D) The Bulgars
E) The Ostrogoths

Question 14

Which people represented the major threat to the Byzantine Empire in the eleventh century?

A) Arabs
B) Seljuk Turks
C) Ottoman Turks
D) Austrians
E) Persians

Question 15

In the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade, the major state of the former Byzantine Empire was the

A) Latin Empire of Constantinople.
B) Venetian Kingdom of Constantinople.
C) Greek Empire of Constantinople.
D) Ottoman Turk Empire of Istanbul.
E) Latin Kingdom of Anatolia.

Question 16

The schism of 1054

A) abolished the use of icons.
B) resulted in the excommunication of the Pope by the Patriarch.
C) led to the reunion of the Roman and Orthodox churches.
D) established the interdict in the Roman church.
E) divided Arabs from Persians, a split that continues to the present.

Question 17

In the seventh century, the greatest challenge to the Byzantine Empire came from the

A) attacks from Persians to the East and Slavs to the north.
B) rise of Islam.
C) increased militarization as a result of external threats.
D) the loss of the provinces of Syria and Palestine.
E) Arab attacks on Constantinople.

Question 18

What was the main effort that caused Byzantine cultural influence to expand?

A) Military conquests.
B) The spread of monastic orders.
C) Missionary efforts of Eastern Byzantine Christians.
D) The integration of local custom into Byzantine law.
E) The spread of literacy and intellectualism.

Question 19

Procopius was the best-known Byzantine

A) lawyer.
B) historian.
C) teacher.
D) dancer.
E) bear trainer.

Question 20

The ____ undoubtedly benefitted in great measure from the Fourth Crusade.

A) Romans
B) Venetians
C) Florentines
D) Portuguese
E) Genoese

Question 21

Christian fanatics who physically scourged themselves during the Black Death were called

A) serfs.
B) reformed Jews.
C) conventual friars.
D) heretics.
E) flagellants.

Question 22

By the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French gained victory because of

A) the cannon and gunpowder.
B) the crossbow.
C) the longbow.
D) heavily armored cavalry.
E) German mercenaries.

Question 23

In 1453, the ____ conquered the Byzantine Empire.

A) Arabs
B) Seljuk Turks
C) Ottoman Turks
D) Bulgars and Ukranians
E) Romans

Question 24

Which statement about the Hundred Years' War is FALSE?

A) Traditional nobles fighting on horseback were the keys to victory.
B) New weapons were used in the war, including the long bow and gunpowder.
C) The English were victorious at the battles of Crecy and Agincourt.
D) Joan of Arc was burnt at the stake.
E) The war was fought between England and France.

Question 25

Joan of Arc succeeded in

A) reinvigorating the French armies.
B) aided in the liberation of Orleans.
C) seeing the French army through to the end of the war.
D) helping the French win the Hundred Years' War.
E) giving council to Charles, the French dauphin.

Question 26

What is NOT considered to be a consequence of the Black Death?

A) An increase in Anti-Semitism
B) An increase in social unrest
C) The exodus of many Jews eastwards
D) The death of 50 to 60 percent of the population in Italian cities
E) The end of flagellation

Question 27

Which of the following was not a result of the Fourth Crusade?

A) The Venetians seized the island of Crete.
B) The Byzantine Empire disintegrated into a series of petty states.
C) The pope excommunicated the crusaders who attacked Constantinople.
D) A Catholic patriarch was installed in Constantinople.
E) The Venetians assumed control of Constantinople's trade.

Question 28

Which of the following statements about the Black Death is FALSE?

A) England was largely spared from the devastation.
B) Once it dissipated from Western Europe, it continued to recur.
C) Its transmission was facilitated by Mongol long-distance trade.
D) Diffusion followed different trade routes.
E) Italy's cities were especially hard hit.

Question 29

In the early fourteenth century, the Catholic church

A) financed the construction of the new cathedral of St. Peter's in Rome.
B) supported the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont.
C) was moved to Avignon.
D) was placed under the rule of the Holy Roman Emperors.
E) banned the use of the inquisition.

Question 30

Which of the following was NOT proposed by contemporaries theorized as causes of the Black Death?

A) The Jews poisoning the Christians
B) Volcanic fumes from the earth
C) Sinful behavior by Christians
D) The practice of flagellation
E) A work of the devil

Question 31

Mortality rates associated with the Black Death in 14^th century Europe have been estimated at

A) 10%-15%
B) 20%-25%
C) 50%-60%
D) 70%-80%
E) 90% or more

Question 32

As anti-Semitism spread through Europe in response to the plague, many Jews fled to _________ for protection.

A) Constantinople
B) Spain.
C) Poland
D) Jerusalem
E) Persia

Question 33

Which Welsh weapon gave the English an advantage at the beginning of the Hundred Years' War?

A) The cannon
B) The crossbow
C) The longbow
D) Greek fire
E) The sarissa

Question 34

As a result of the Black Death

A) there was a decrease in Anti-Semitism.
B) there was an increase in Anti-Semitism.
C) flagellation disappeared.
D) the population rose in Italian cities but fell in English and French cities and towns.
E) the Pope moved to Avignon.

Question 35

The Black Death

A) was spread by fleas carrying Yersinia pestis.
B) killed ninety-five percent of its victims in urban areas.
C) had been an ongoing problem in Europe since the late Roman Empire.
D) killed many people but had no effect on economic affairs.
E) had no religious implications.

Question 36

Which weapon helped the Ottomans take Constantinople in 1453?

A) The minié ball rifle
B) The longbow
C) The crossbow
D) Greek fire
E) Gunpowder

Question 37

The papacy of Boniface VIII saw

A) the Roman Church supreme over all of Christendom.
B) a papacy established in Avignon.
C) Boniface successfully excommunicating and destroying the power of France's Philip IV.
D) the papacy moving to Germany after Boniface's death.
E) the Church weakened as a result of the Black Death.

Question 38

The early fourteenth century was troubled by

A) the "little ice age."
B) a medieval green-house effect.
C) a rapid population increase.
D) the capture of Rome by Muslim armies.
E) the fall of Constantinople at the hands of the Seljuk Turks.

Question 39

Who inadvertently facilitated the spread of the plague with the creation of its Silk Road empire?

A) The Chinese
B) The Arabs
C) The Mongols
D) The Byzantines
E) The Bulgars

Question 40

Which pope was forced to flee in the face of a French takeover?

A) Urban II
B) Boniface VIII
C) Alexius II
D) Gregory VI
E) Paul II

Question 41

The Renaissance artist who moved away from realistic portrayals to idealized forms was

A) Leonardo da Vinci.
B) Michelangelo.
C) Masaccio.
D) Raphael.
E) Alberti.

Question 42

The painter who was famous for his madonnas was

A) Leonardo da Vinci.
B) Michelangelo.
C) Masaccio.
D) Raphael.
E) Alberti.

Question 43

Which area failed to establish a centralized territorial state by the end of the fifteenth century?

A) France
B) Italy
C) Spain
D) England
E) Austria

Question 44

Which of the following was not one of the disasters of the fourteenth century that the Renaissance is seen as recovering from?

A) Loss of faith in the church.
B) Economic recession.
C) Political disorder.
D) The Black Death.
E) None of these.

Question 45

The Great Schism

A) resulted in the capture of Jerusalem by Saladin.
B) saw two different individuals claiming to be the true pope.
C) was the result of the investiture controversy between Gregory VII and Henry IV.
D) led to the Hundred Years' War between England and France.
E) led to the sacking of Constantinople be crusaders from the West.

Question 46

Renaissance artists

A) painted and sculpted only religious subjects.
B) never painted or sculpted religious subjects.
C) imitated nature.
D) turned their back on nature, following instead their inner subjective emotions.
E) never worked for the Church.

Question 47

The phrase l'uomo universale expresses the new social ideal of a person who is

A) capable of achievements in many areas.
B) rejecting religion to become a student of the universe.
C) specializing in great depth in a single subject, such as history or physics.
D) turning to God as the only answer's to the problems of this world.
E) rejecting public service and satisfy one's personal ambitions.

Question 48

The council that ended the Great Schism was held at

A) Clermont.
B) Canossa.
C) Orleans.
D) Constance.
E) Trent.

Question 49

Which of the following was not one of the major powers that dominated the Italian peninsula by the fifteenth century?

A) Milan
B) Venice
C) Genoa
D) Florence
E) Naples

Question 50

The Renaissance began in

A) Byzantium.
B) France.
C) Italy.
D) Spain.
E) Flanders.

Question 51

Italian city states such as Venice and Florence could best be described as

A) rural democracies.
B) urban democracies.
C) legitimate autocracies.
D) merchant oligarchies.
E) royal oligarchies.

Question 52

Which woman of the Renaissance defended the right of women to pursue scholarly pursuits?

A) Cassandra Fedele
B) Francesca Civolia
C) Dona Medici
D) Isotta Nogarola
E) Laura Cerata

Question 53

As "the father of Italian Renaissance humanism," Petrarch embraced all of the following EXCEPT:

A) pursuing the intellectual life in communities.
B) seeking out ancient Latin manuscripts.
C) using the works of Cicero as a model.
D) discovering forgotten manuscripts in monasteries.
E) emulating Virgil for poetry.

Question 54

The ideal of early fifteenth century Humanists was to

A) reject religion and the Church.
B) serve the state.
C) abandon history and the past.
D) work only for the most powerful states.
E) establish political democracies throughout Europe.

Question 55

The principles of Early Renaissance art

A) were demonstrated in a more realistic relationship between figures and landscape.
B) excluded the nudes in the works of Palladio.
C) failed to begin a new area of artistic statement.
D) were marked by total disregard of knowledge of motion and/or anatomical detail.
E) explored the possibilities of scroll portraiture.

Question 56

Who sculpted the statue of David?

A) Leonardo da Vinci
B) Raphael
C) Michelangelo
D) Van Eyck
E) Dürer

Question 57

What was NOT a characteristic of the political recovery of the fifteenth century in Europe?

A) Centralized monarchies gained strength in western Europe.
B) Centralized monarchies gained strength in Germanic central Europe.
C) Decentralized government became typical in eastern and central Europe.
D) The "new monarchies" greatly aided in stabilizing France, Spain, and England.
E) Henry VII's cautious policies had made England solvent and stable by 1500.

Question 58

Which statement about the Holy Roman Empire in the fifteenth century is FALSE?

A) It was a strong centralized territorial state.
B) It consisted of hundreds of largely independent states.
C) The position of Holy Roman Emperor was held by the Habsburgs.
D) It was made up primarily of German-speaking peoples.
E) Habsburg power rested upon their control of vast agricultural estates.

Question 59

Which statement about the Italian Renaissance is FALSE?

A) It was a major creative force in the field of literature.
B) It was part of an era of recovery in Europe.
C) It was an era of great interest in the legacy of ancient Greco-Roman culture.
D) It was a mass movement.
E) It began as a reaction to the Crusades.

Question 60

The divine beauty of the ceiling figures in the Sistine Chapel are a reflection of the Neoplatonism of

A) Leonardo.
B) Raphael.
C) Michelangelo.
D) Van Eyck.
E) Dürer.

Question 61

In the fifteenth century, Milan, Florence, and Constantinople proved especially adept at building strong, centralized states.

Question 62

In 1054 the leaders of the Roman Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church excommunicated each other, leading to a split in Christendom which continues to the present.

Question 63

The Renaissance was largely an urban phenomenon.

Question 64

In the Byzantine Empire, Latin language remained the major language as the use of Greek was narrowly restricted to monasteries.

Question 65

Because of the lack of sanitation, the mortality rate of the Black Death was considerably higher in rural areas than in urban areas.

Question 66

All of the following were impressive Byzantine monuments in Constantinople EXCEPT

A) Hagia Sophia
B) The Hippodrome
C) The Blue Mosque
D) Theodosian Walls
E) Palace Complex

Question 67

The Mongols played a central role in spreading the Black Death of the mid-fourteenth century .

Question 68

The Empress Theodora was born in the lower classes but proved a worthy companion for Justinian.

Question 69

The Byzantine Empire attained its greatest economic prosperity during the period of the Macedonian emperors.

Question 70

England won the Hundred Year's War because of the English reliance on the longbow.

Question 71

The Crusades proved to be helpful economic tools for the Byzantine Empire.

Question 72

Justinian's most significant accomplishment was in permanently reuniting the old Roman Empire.

Question 73

Upper-class women had opportunities to play important roles in the empire.

Question 74

The Fourth Crusade ended with the fall of Constantinople.

Question 75

The l'uomo universale - a person capable of achievements in many areas of life - was the ideal of the Renaissance.

Question 76

Until the twelfth century, Constantinople was Europe's greatest commercial center.

Question 77

As a result of the Fourth Crusade, the West established a permanent political presence in the Byzantine Empire.

Question 78

The art of Leonardo da Vinci is characterized by an idealization of nature.

Question 79

Emperor Justinian married the daughter of a circus trainer.

Question 80

The spread of goods and people along the Silk Road helped facilitate the spread of the plague.