Deck 12: The Making of Europe

Question 1

Early medieval European civilization was formed by the coming together of Roman customs, Christian traditions and

A) Islamic practices.
B) the threat of Mongol invasions.
C) the legacy of the Germanic tribes.
D) Chinese trade practices.
E) Indian trade practices.

Answer 1

the legacy of the Germanic tribes.

Question 2

What is true of the relationship between cities and lords?

A) Lords largely treated towns the same way they did vassals and serfs.
B) Some lords sold liberties to the townspeople that they demanded.
C) Townspeople would overthrow lords in order to create the laws they wanted.
D) Lords provided protection for towns, which in turns gave a portion of trade earnings to the lord.
E) Townspeople willingly provided military obligations to their local lord.

Answer 2

Some lords sold liberties to the townspeople that they demanded.

Question 3

According to the agreement reached by the pope and a new German king in 1122, after a bishop was elected, he would pay ____ to the king.

A) a tax
B) a fee
C) a visit
D) homage
E) an election cost

Answer 3

homage

Question 4

Who established a new Frankish kingdom?

A) Louis the Pious
B) Charles the Hammer
C) Charlemagne
D) Frederick Barbarossa
E) Clovis

Question 5

After their defeat at the Battle of Lechfeld, the ____ became Christians and went on to establish the Kingdom of Hungary.

A) Mongols
B) Magyars
C) Vikings
D) Slavs
E) Golden Horde

Question 6

All of the following peoples invaded Europe during the 9^th and 10^th centuries EXCEPT the

A) Muslims.
B) Vikings.
C) Magyars.
D) Mongols.
E) Norsemen of Scandinavia.

Question 7

What was the major obligation a vassal owed to his lord?

A) To sit in judgment on legal cases.
B) To perform military service, usually about 40 days a year.
C) A requirement to appear at his lord's court when summoned to give advice.
D) To train others for military combat in order to ensure the safety of the lord's land.
E) A responsibility to make financial payments to the lord on certain occasions.

Question 8

The ____ was the piece of land that provided a feudal vassal's economic support.

A) fief
B) tallage
C) homage
D) vassalage
E) right

Question 9

The incursions of the Scandinavian Vikings into other parts of Europe

A) were the most threatening of the fifteenth century invaders to the peace of Europe.
B) were successful because their ships had a shallow draft, allowing them to sail far up rivers.
C) had little impact on the history of England and France.
D) were defeated at the Battle of Lechfeld.
E) led to Scandinavian control of Greece.

Question 10

What served as centers of learning in early medieval Europe?

A) The madrasa
B) The universities
C) Christian monasteries
D) Scriptural schools
E) Medieval castles

Question 11

The income from a fief of land supported

A) monks and friars.
B) merchants.
C) vassals.
D) poor women without dowry.
E) unfree peasants.

Question 12

Monasticism in medieval Europe

A) was entirely a male area of activity.
B) involved an egalitarian governance structure.
C) included women, many of whom belonged to royal families
D) was based upon the model established by St. Basil.
E) was made up of hermit monks.

Question 13

Which statement about the development of fief-holding is FALSE?

A) It was a response by local leaders who gathered military retainers to protect themselves, as the remnants of the imperial government could not adequately defend the state.
B) It led to the creation of a large number of knights who literally owed their livings to the lord who granted them a fief.
C) It led to a five-hundred-year period when warfare was dominated by heavily armed cavalry.
D) It reflected the high value of land during the centuries during which it was established.
E) It was a result of the Church's attempt to give serfs and peasants more social mobility.

Question 14

In 800, Charlemagne was crowned "Emperor of the Romans," a sign of

A) the rebirth of the Roman Empire.
B) a joining of Roman and Catholic tradition.
C) a European return to the structures of antiquity.
D) the emergence of a new European civilization.
E) the new dominance of Germanic culture in Europe.

Question 15

Which of the following was accomplished by medieval Christian monasteries?

A) They launched an early "feminist" movement.
B) They served as centers of learning.
C) They played a major military role for their religion.
D) They enforced the tenets of the Scriptures, often by force.
E) They were under the rule of the princeps.

Question 16

Charlemagne's Carolingian Empire accomplished all of the following measures EXCEPT for

A) restoring an urban economy based upon the use of money.
B) encompassing much of western and central Europe.
C) depending upon the allegiance of counts who ruled for the monarch in local areas.
D) symbolizing the fusion of Roman, German, and Christian elements which would make up medieval civilization in Europe.
E) establishing a palace school and reforming the handwritten script.

Question 17

Aristocratic medieval women

A) in unusual circumstances, could play a major role, as did Eleanor of Aquitaine.
B) were totally independent of their men.
C) never assumed managerial responsibilities in spite of their husband's frequent absences.
D) were always dominant in their marriages.
E) frequently led troops into battle in the absence of their husbands.

Question 18

The Benedictine orders emphasized which activities?

A) Prayer and manual labor
B) Manual labor and silence
C) Manual labor and charitable works
D) Writing and reading of scripture
E) Reading scripture and teaching others

Question 19

Who was crowned Roman Emperor by the pope in 800?

A) Belisarius
B) Alexius II
C) Charlemagne
D) Charles Martel
E) Richard the Lionhearted

Question 20

The early medieval church in the West

A) was headed by two rivals, the Archbishop of Milan and the Patriarch of Jerusalem.
B) developed a more organized monastic structure under Saint Benedict.
C) was for a long time ruled by the Patriarch of Constantinople.
D) was under the sole control of the Patriarch of Jerusalem.
E) was dominated for several centuries by Arian Christians.

Question 21

A body of "common law" began to be established in England under the reign of

A) William of Normandy.
B) Philip Augustus.
C) Frederick II.
D) Henry II.
E) John.

Question 22

Medieval European cities tended to rely on ____ for drinking water.

A) rivers
B) wells
C) melted snow preserved in cisterns
D) fermented liquids, such as beer and wine
E) aqueducts

Question 23

France's first parliament, begun under Philip IV, was the

A) Chambre des Comptes.
B) Parlement.
C) Diet of Paris.
D) Reichstagen.
E) Estates-General.

Question 24

As gold and silver came to be in demand and money markets began to emerge, what else also emerged?

A) Bookkeeping overseen by local lords and the king's household.
B) New trading companies and banking firms to manage the exchange and sale of goods.
C) An increase of manufacturing that could create more gold and silver.
D) New practices that sought to ensure merchants would not gain too much too quickly.
E) A less stable life for peasants who found agricultural contributions less valuable.

Question 25

Medieval town populations were primarily comprised of

A) merchants and artisans.
B) artisans and peasants.
C) peasants and serfs.
D) nobles and peasants.
E) serfs and beggars.

Question 26

In Medieval European society, the ____ held most of the political, economic, and social power.

A) emperor
B) nobility
C) priests
D) scholars
E) merchants

Question 27

Alexander Nevsky, prince of Novgorod, defeated the

A) Russians.
B) Byzantines.
C) Germans.
D) Mongols.
E) Poles

Question 28

The early Capetian kings of France

A) dominated their nobility.
B) were effective rulers only in the area around Paris.
C) governed only the Isle de Rhone.
D) took possession of the English kings' lands in France.
E) defeated Charlemagne at the battle of the Boyne.

Question 29

What was the prime reason why Russia became increasingly separated from the rest of Europe during the 13^th century?

A) Its invasion by the Mongols
B) Its war with Japan
C) The famous outbreak of the Black Death
D) Its failed attempt to conquer the Western kingdoms
E) Its conversion to Islam

Question 30

What was Frederick II's main goal concerning Italy?

A) To become a respected military general.
B) To become official emperor of the Italian people.
C) To create a "holy empire" enforced by the Catholic church.
D) To take over the Catholic church and wield papal power.
E) To establish a strong centralized state dominated by Sicily.

Question 31

The Principality of Kiev was founded by

A) Central Asian Mongols.
B) Scandinavian Vikings.
C) Byzantines from Constantinople.
D) the Germanic Holy Roman Emperors.
E) Hungarian Magyars.

Question 32

Which of the following roles would a peasant woman be expected to fulfill?

A) Brewing ale for use in the household.
B) Doing the spinning and weaving for the house.
C) Socializing the children and training them in religion.
D) Providing meals for the family.
E) All of these.

Question 33

High Middle Ages agriculture included all of these features EXCEPT

A) extensive swamp draining and land clearance.
B) increased output by increasing the amount of land used for farming.
C) improved methods through the use of iron tools.
D) application of the three-field system.
E) use of slave labor.

Question 34

By the end of the thirteenth century, the institutionalization of the English Parliament

A) provided the foundation for the absolute rule of the monarch.
B) enabled the barons and church lords to establish themselves in the House of Commons.
C) was a system of power sharing between the monarch and groups within the society.
D) enabled the knights and burgesses to establish themselves in the House of Lords.
E) had failed because of the impact of the Black Death.

Question 35

Which characteristic was NOT shared by medieval towns and cities?

A) Many received charters of liberties by the 1100s and 1200s.
B) Their location near transportation routes was essential.
C) They were food-producing, self-sufficient units, in which commerce was secondary.
D) Many were revived Roman cities whose size and populations grew as trade increased.
E) New towns or cities were begun at strategically viable locations.

Question 36

During the Middle Ages, the Slavic peoples of Eastern Europe

A) were converted to Islam by force.
B) were united by Orthodox Christianity.
C) adopted either Catholic or Orthodox Christianity, depending on their geographic settlement.
D) remained true to their non-Christian religious traditions until the Renaissance.
E) converted to Protestantism.

Question 37

What remained an independent Muslim state until its fall in 1492?

A) Castile
B) Aragon
C) Navarre
D) Granada
E) Iberia

Question 38

The Slavs

A) divided into seven specific groups during the Middle Ages.
B) became Roman Catholic, with the exception of the Russians, Turks and Magyars.
C) were divided into two religious groups, with most southern and eastern Slavs becoming Orthodox and most northern and western Slavs becoming Roman Catholic.
D) converted to Islam after the First Crusade.
E) briefly occupied northern Italy.

Question 39

Which statement about medieval peasants' life is FALSE?

A) Their housing was quite basic.
B) They were members of agricultural craft guilds.
C) The women had a challenging role.
D) Their diet was simple but adequate when food was available.
E) They owed labor services to the lord of the manor.

Question 40

Which of the following was NOT one of Philip II Augustus of France accomplishments?

A) He waged war successfully against the kings of England.
B) He became the Holy Roman Emperor.
C) He regained the provinces of Anjou, Normandy, and Aquitaine from the Plantagenets.
D) He established a royal bureaucracy.
E) He enlarged the power of the French monarchy.

Question 41

The jurisdiction of a Christian bishop was called a(n)

A) ecclesia.
B) diocese.
C) latifundia.
D) demesne.
E) abbey.

Question 42

A Muslim eye-witness account characterizes the medieval Rus as

A) loyal retainers of Charlemagne.
B) filthy, parasite-ridden barbarians.
C) clever ship-builders.
D) superior strategists.
E) devout Muslims.

Question 43

The medieval university

A) was originally an educational association of students or scholars, as at Bologna.
B) taught only technical and scientific courses.
C) rejected the study of law.
D) only taught people trained in theology.

Question 44

The first Gothic church was constructed near

A) London
B) Rome.
C) Paris.
D) Venice.
E) Constantinople.

Question 45

Which feature was NOT typically characteristic of Gothic architecture?

A) Stained glass windows
B) Ribbed vaults and pointed arches
C) Flying buttresses
D) Thick walls
E) A play of lightness

Question 46

Which statement about scholasticism is FALSE?

A) It is a term used to depict the philosophical and theological system of medieval universities.
B) It attempted to prove the unity of faith and reason.
C) It was preoccupied with establishing the concurrence between Christian and Aristotelian thought.
D) Its early goal was to unite Christian and Muslim teachings.
E) It stressed that theology was the "queen of the sciences."

Question 47

Which of the following was not characteristic of Romanesque architecture?

A) barrel vaults
B) flying buttresses
C) massive pillars and walls
D) dark on the inside
E) gave the impression of a fortress

Question 48

Who was NOT a participant in the Third Crusade?

A) Richard the Lionhearted
B) Belisarius
C) Saladin
D) Frederick Barbarosa
E) Philip II Augustus

Question 49

The medieval religious order which was noted for its commitment to living among the common people and ministering to the poor was the

A) Cistercians.
B) Dominicans.
C) Jesuits.
D) Benedictines.
E) Franciscans.

Question 50

What was the long-term outcome of the Fourth Crusade?

A) The capture of Jerusalem
B) The fall of Constantinople
C) The conquest of Alexandria
D) The sack of Istanbul
E) The occupation of Egypt

Question 51

The traditional liberal arts included all of the following EXCEPT

A) rhetoric.
B) biology.
C) music.
D) astronomy.
E) geometry.

Question 52

Which of these motives did NOT lead to the Crusades?

A) The desire for military adventure
B) The prevalence of religious fervor
C) The aim to increase religious toleration between Muslims and Christians
D) The desire to gain riches and land
E) The aim for the pope to assume the leadership in liberating the Holy Land

Question 53

The pope who gave his blessing and authorized the First Crusade was

A) Urban II.
B) Gregory VII.
C) Gregory the Great.
D) Innocent III.
E) Edward the Confessor.

Question 54

Which church practice resonated especially powerfully with ordinary people in Europe?

A) Study of scripture
B) Holy pilgrimages
C) The practice of good works
D) Obtaining sacraments
E) Saints and relics

Question 55

What was one of the effects of the crusades on European society?

A) The conversion of parts of Southern and Eastern Europe to Islam
B) The importation of the Black Death
C) The architectural method of building stone fortifications
D) The temporary unification of Catholic and Orthodox branches of Christianity
E) The introduction of ginger in Europe

Question 56

The cleric who preached up the Second Crusade in the 1140s was

A) St. Bernard of Clairvaux.
B) Pope Urban II.
C) Pope Innocent III.
D) Peter the Hermit.
E) Cyril and Methodius.

Question 57

Which of the following statements is true concerning women involved in spiritual movements between 1050 and 1150?

A) The number of women joining religious houses decreased.
B) Most nuns were peasant women looking for a better life.
C) Most of the learned women of the age were nuns.
D) Women were a supporting force for most monasteries.
E) Female intellectuals were more likely to support spiritual causes.

Question 58

The medieval religious order which was noted for its commitment to living among the common people and ministering to the poor was the

A) Cistercians.
B) Dominicans.
C) Jesuits.
D) Benedictines.
E) Franciscans.

Question 59

Scholasticism represented a medieval effort to reconcile

A) theology and reason.
B) spiritual and secular power.
C) Christianity and Islam.
D) Catholic and Orthodox Christianity.
E) Catholic and Protestant Christianity.

Question 60

The Dominican friars

A) were established in the ninth century.
B) were first led by the highly intellectual Dominic de Guzmán.
C) lived among the people and helped the poor.
D) became key factors in combating heresy under the leadership of the Holy Roman Emperor.
E) were led by Francis of Assisi.

Question 61

The appearance of the violent and destructive Mongol Empire ended all trade between the West and China.

Question 62

After the tenth century, Muslim power in Spain began to decline.

Question 63

The Church's primary instrument of conversion was the monastic movement.

Question 64

The reputation of Medieval Europe as a violent time and place is not supported by recent historical studies.

Question 65

The shift from a two-field to a three-field system contributed to the increase in food production in the Middle Ages.

Question 66

The Frankish king Clovis followed Arian Christianity, the first German king to do so.

Question 67

Loyalty was the foundation of the lord-vassal relationship in both Europe and Japan.

Question 68

All of the following were factors in nearly doubling Europe's population by the High Middle Ages EXCEPT

A) a cessation of Viking invasions.
B) increased agricultural output due to the three-field rotation system.
C) use of wind- and watermills.
D) expansion of arable land through deforestation.
E) importation of rice from Asia as a staple crop.

Question 69

The Holy Office was the court established by the church to uncover heresy and punish religious heretics.

Question 70

There were no significant changes in the production methods of food in Medieval Europe.

Question 71

European knights during the first crusade were able to conquer the city of Jerusalem.

Question 72

Medieval cities were always under the direct rule of the local nobility.

Question 73

The staple of the medieval diet was

A) potatoes.
B) eggs.
C) fish.
D) bread.
E) pasta.

Question 74

As a result of the crusades, the West established a permanent presence in the Middle East.

Question 75

Which of the following is not true about the lives of serfs?

A) Serfs had freedom to travel to a new lord's land if the current lord did not suit them.
B) By the ninth century, probably 60 percent of the population in Western Europe were serfs.
C) They paid rents to their lord through a share of every product they farmed.
D) Serfs could not marry anyone outside their manor without their lord's approval.
E) They could be tried in their lord's personal courts.

Question 76

The demesne was the land on the manor retained by the lord and worked by peasants and serfs.

Question 77

The Vikings were particularly successful in their attacks because they had mastered the use of gunpowder.

Question 78

Nuns achieved equal status with monks in the medieval church of the 13^th century.

Question 79

All Slavic peoples came under the influence of the Byzantine empire and, therefore, embraced the Orthodox Christian religion.

Question 80

Both European and Japanese society in the Middle Ages were dominated by men of war.