Deck 4: World War II: Why Did War Happen Again

Question 1

Because of America's sense of ______, America feels it is set apart from the rest of the world by its progressive, freedom-loving, and pacifist nature.

A) exceptionalism
B) entitlement
C) independence
D) appeasement

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The Munich Conference of 1938, which involved Germany, France, Britain, and Italy, is an example of which of the following behaviors?

A) defensive realism
B) buckpassing
C) unanimity
D) appeasement

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In building communism in the Soviet Union, which of the following actions were not taken by the government?

A) The party system was eradicated.
B) The economy was rapidly industrialized, and agriculture was collectivized.
C) The military officer corps was purged.
D) The Soviet Union joined the League of Nations.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The Wisconsin School-an interpretation of international relations and American foreign policy-is a part of the ______ perspective.

A) realist
B) liberal
C) identity
D) critical Theory

Question 5

For the Soviet Union, the Molotov-Ribbentrop Non-Aggression Pact, signed with Germany, was an example of which of the following behaviors?

A) power balancing
B) bandwagoning
C) buckpassing
D) self-determination

Question 6

Before World War II, which of the following pairs of states exemplified the concept of social democracy?

A) the United States and Great Britain
B) Great Britain and France
C) Germany and France
D) the United States and Japan

Question 7

Which of the following factors contributed to the weakness of the League of Nations?

A) Soviet Union exceptionalism
B) Japanese and Italian aggression
C) Collective security
D) Appeasement at Munich

Question 8

Which of the following events does the liberal perspective identify as a critical event in the timeline prior to World War II?

A) Appeasement at Munich in 1938
B) the development of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact
C) the Spanish Civil War
D) Germany's annexation of Austria

Question 9

The ______ perspective would most likely argue that the United States didn't join the League of Nations because of a sense of American exceptionalism.

A) realist
B) liberal
C) identity
D) critical theory

Question 10

Which international institution embodied the concept of collective security?

A) The League of Nations
B) The Tripartite Pact
C) The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
D) The Court of International Justice

Question 11

Which of the following factors did U.S. President Woodrow Wilson believe would "make the world safe for democracy?"

A) the granting of autonomy or self-determination to national minorities
B) the division and occupation of Germany after World War I
C) the spread of communism through alliances with the Soviet Union
D) the participation of civil society groups in social democratic institutions

Question 12

The ______ perspective would most likely argue that the United States abstained from the League of Nations because of a political struggle for domestic power between U.S. president Woodrow Wilson and those who opposed him.

A) realist
B) liberal
C) identity
D) critical theory

Question 13

During which of the following wars did Italy and Germany aid fascist rebels while the Soviet Union aided the republican government?

A) the Spanish Civil War
B) the Winter War (or the Russo-Finnish War)
C) the Russo-Japanese War
D) the invasion of Ethiopia by Italy

Question 14

Arguing that elite groups in Germany, each with their own material interests in expansion, created strategic myths that justified expansion is an example of an argument from the ______ perspective.

A) realist
B) liberal
C) identity
D) critical theory

Question 15

Which of the following led Japan to consider a preemptive first strike against the United States?

A) an oil embargo imposed by the United States
B) the establishment of military bases in Hawaii by the United States
C) an embargo on tin and rubber imposed by the United States
D) growing U.S. power in Asia via an alliance with China

Question 16

The ______ perspective would most likely argue that the United States enjoys strategic immunity because of its geographic location.

A) realist
B) liberal
C) identity
D) critical theory

Question 17

Which of the following agreements was focused primarily on disarmament?

A) the Kellogg-Briand Pact
B) the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact
C) the Treaty of Versailles
D) the Tripartite Pact

Question 18

The Holocaust is an example of which of the following policies?

A) Lebensraum
B) Fascism
C) Genocide
D) Revanchism

Question 19

Before World War II, cultural nationalism in Germany and Eastern Europe was accompanied by ______, the desire to annex or claim territory from another country on the basis of common identity.

A) irrendentism
B) self-determination
C) appeasement
D) Lebensraum

Question 20

Which of the following arrangements involves a common institution seeking to restrain an aggressive state by ordering it to desist and, if necessary, threatening it with economic sanctions?

A) power balancing
B) Collective Security
C) buckpassing
D) security resolution

Question 21

The ______ school of realism contends that states always seek dominant power.

A) defensive
B) classical
C) offensive
D) neo

Question 22

In 1936, Japan signed the Anti-Comintern Pact with which country?

A) the Soviet Union
B) China
C) Germany
D) Italy

Question 23

What is cultural nationalism?

A) a form of nationalism that demands changes in national boundaries to bring together people sharing historical memories and speaking the same languages
B) a form of nationalism that glorifies one national culture over others
C) a form of nationalism that emphasizes militarization and racial superiority
D) a form of nationalism that seeks revenge for past wrongdoings against a group of people

Question 24

The ______ perspectives would most likely argue that World War II was caused by a united and powerful Germany, which disrupted the balance of power.

A) realist
B) liberal
C) identity
D) critical theory

Question 25

U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt placed an oil embargo on Japan to prevent it from attacking which of the following states?

A) United States
B) Soviet Union
C) States of Southeast Asia
D) China

Question 26

Which of the following acts immediately caused World War II?

A) Germany withdrew from the League of Nations.
B) Germany annexed the Sudetenland.
C) Germany and the Soviet Union agreed to a nonaggression pact.
D) Germany invaded Poland.

Question 27

______ escaped invasion by German land forces between 1939 and 1941.

A) The Soviet Union
B) France
C) Norway
D) Great Britain

Question 28

By pursuing an aggressive, expansionist foreign policy, Germany demonstrated that it had what sort of goals?

A) isolationist
B) revisionist
C) irredentist
D) revanchist

Question 29

Which describes one of the reasons the League of Nations failed?

A) The Soviet Union did not join, so the League of Nations never achieved a preponderance of power.
B) The League of Nations failed to provide credible economic commitments to support all members.
C) The principle of unanimity was undercut by the fact that all states had veto power, so the aggressor state could veto any resolution.
D) The Covenant of the League of Nations was based on the agreement reached at the Congress of Vienna after the Napoleonic Wars that decentralized military power.

Question 30

Which of the following events does the identity perspective identify as a critical event in the timeline prior to World War II?

A) the establishment and subsequent failure of the League of Nations
B) the rise of exceptionalism in the United States, fascism in Italy, and communism in the Soviet Union
C) French occupation of the Ruhr Valley, Italian invasion of Ethiopia, and German annexation of Austria
D) the invasion of Manchuria by Japanese military forces

Question 31

The ______ perspective is most likely to argue that World War II resulted from the United States' imperialistic policies, which pressed for economic access to China, Europe, and colonial territories.

A) realist
B) liberal
C) identity
D) critical theory

Question 32

The ______ factor is typically stressed by the liberal or identity perspectives but is sometimes added to realist arguments to explain outcomes?

A) cognitive
B) material
C) economic
D) socioeconomic

Question 33

According to the identity perspective, which of the following contributed to the outbreak of World War II?

A) the failure of Great Britain, France, Poland, Russia, and the United States to align against Germany
B) ineffective leadership of Congress by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson
C) the spread of fascism, socialism, and racism and the retreat of democracy
D) the failure of the League of Nations to solve collective security problems

Question 34

According to the identity perspective, what factors at the domestic level of analysis caused World War I?

A) the rise of hyponationalism in Germany that stressed racial superiority and militarism
B) the alliance of democracies precipitated by the development of liberal nationalism in the United States and Great Britain
C) divisions between Congress and the presidency in the United States, which delayed the country's entry into the war
D) cartelized German domestic interests that made Germany act aggressively

Question 35

Which of Germany's borders were guaranteed by The Locarno Pact?

A) Germany's eastern borders with Poland and Czechoslovakia
B) Germany's western borders with France and Denmark
C) Germany's southern borders with Switzerland and Austria
D) Germany's northern border with Sweden

Question 36

Arguing that the United States enjoyed strategic immunity because it is separated from other great powers by the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans is to argue for the importance of which of the following factors?

A) geopolitics
B) offensive realism
C) liberal democracy
D) strategic culture

Question 37

German leaders justified expansion and conquest as a quest for lebensraum, a term which refers to what goal?

A) the genocide of ethnic groups considered inferior by Nazi ideology
B) the acquisition of more land as a living space for the German racial community
C) a return to Germany's great power status, which was undermined by the Treaty of Versailles
C) a repeal of the "war guilt" provisions of the Treaty of Versailles

Question 38

According to the liberal perspective, which of the following events at the domestic level of analysis contributed to the outbreak of World War II?

A) Divided domestic interests in the United States led it to reject membership in the League of Nations.
B) The German economy collapsed before World War I.
C) A power vacuum was created by many new weak states in Eastern Europe and a weak China in Asia.
D) Aggressive interests of various domestic groups in Germany caused leaders to go to war.

Question 39

The new Europe founded after World War I was based on which of the following principles?

A) self-determination
B) mutual armament
C) alliances
D) power balancing

Question 40

Which of the following states was designated as permanent members of the Council of the League of Nations?

A) Venezuela
B) Canada
C) Japan
D) Ethiopia

Question 41

Buckpassing is the practice of states aligning with a greater power to share the spoils of dominance.

Question 42

The Treaty of Versailles was effective from the realist perspective because it divided Germany into smaller states, thus mitigating the threat of a strong, united Germany.

Question 43

U.S. President Woodrow Wilson believed that self-determination would not lead to democracy.

Question 44

What is chain-ganging?

A) a free-riding strategy wherein a country allows other countries to fight conflicts while it stays on the sidelines
B) a policy of making concessions to a stronger foe because one is unwilling to consider the use of force
C) the aligning of states with a greater power to share the spoils of dominance
D) the creation of a rigid defensive alliance

Question 45

The principle of unanimity meant that only the great powers decided what constituted a threat to international peace and security.

Question 46

Arguing that a state assessed the balance of power incorrectly can be an example of an argument from which two perspectives, depending on what caused the incorrect assessment?

A) the realist perspective
B) the liberal perspective
C) the identity perspective
D) the critical theory perspective

Question 47

Before World War II, communism in the Soviet Union was built by which two leaders?

A) Lenin and Marx
B) Khrushchev and Brezhnev
C) Stalin and Gorbachev
D) Lenin and Stalin

Question 48

U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's famous Fourteen Points advocated for territorial adjustments, including the return of Alsace-Lorraine to France and the creation of Poland as a state.

Question 49

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following were stipulated in the Treaty of Versailles?

A) The Rhineland was to be demilitarized.
B) Germany was to be partitioned and occupied.
C) Poland was restored as an independent state.
D) The "Polish Corridor" divided East Prussia from the rest of Germany.

Question 50

The Council of the League of Nations was initially composed of nine members, five of which were permanent members, while the Assembly included all members.

Question 51

The Kellogg-Briand Pact was an effective diplomatic mechanism that urged all signatories to renounce war as an instrument of national policy.

Question 52

The Hoare-Laval Plan was an attempt to balance power against Germany by aligning with Italy through the division of Ethiopia into two parts.

Question 53

Fascist and military groups engulfed all but which of the following countries?

A) Germany
B) Italy
C) Japan
D) Great Britain

Question 54

Under a new, centralized institution, protection for all countries would be achieved not through the balance of power but through the preponderance of power.

Question 55

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following are examples of German military expansion before World War II?

A) aggression in Ethiopia and Manchuria
B) the annexation of the Sudetenland
C) the remilitarization of the Rhineland
D) the invasion of Czechoslovakia and Poland

Question 56

Woodrow Wilson was against the United States joining the League of Nations.

Question 57

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following arguments are examples of an argument at the systemic level of analysis?

A) Anarchy forced Germany to act offensively.
B) Unstable tripolarity brought Germany, the United States, and the Soviet Union into conflict.
C) Germany's cartelized political system led to logrolling politics and the creation of myths of empire.
D) The Soviet Union was going to surpass Germany in relative power, leading Germany to plan for a preventive war.

Question 58

The Treaty of Rapallo opened up full diplomatic relations between Germany and Austria.

Question 59

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. In building communism in the Soviet Union, which of the following actions were taken by the government?

A) The party system was eradicated.
B) The economy was rapidly industrialized, and agriculture was collectivized.
C) The military officer corps was purged.
D) The Soviet Union joined the League of Nations.

Question 60

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. In his famous Fourteen Points, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson advocated for which of the following?
a. general disarmament
b. impartial settlement of colonial claims
c. freedom of the seas
d. internationalization of the Dardanelles

Question 61

Based on the principle of ______, autonomy was granted to the national minorities of Austria-Hungary and Turkey after World War I.

Question 62

______ refers to the systematic persecution and extermination of a group of people based on their national, ethnic, racial, or religious identity.

Question 63

In what ways is a collective security system an alternative to a balance-of-power system?

Question 64

The economic sanctions invoked by the League of Nations against Italy were effective, and Italy, soon after, left Ethiopia.

Question 65

Self-determination and unanimity are ______ norms.

Question 66

According to the realist perspective, why don't hegemons stop expanding?

Question 67

______ democracy values the constitutional rights of individuals and promotes a free-market economic system based on private property and competition.

Question 68

What role do misperceptions play in arguments from the realist perspective?

Question 69

According to some arguments from the realist perspective, geography and technology make it difficult to project land power across water, a limitation on expansion referred to as ______.

Question 70

Buckpassing is a free-riding strategy wherein a country allows other countries to fight conflicts while it stays on the sidelines.

Question 71

How did the League of Nations, according to its Covenant, seek to resolve conflicts?

Question 72

The "war guilt" clause of the Treaty of Versailles stated that ______ was solely responsible for causing World War I.

Question 73

The United States did not join the League of Nations because of its policy of ______.

Question 74

______ is a special form of multipolarity that is uniquely unstable.

Question 75

The Council of the League of Nations had special veto power over decisions made in the assembly.

Question 76

Why did the League of Nations fail?

Question 77

According to the realist perspective, what role did buckpassing, bandwagoning, chain-ganging, and appeasement play in the rise of Germany before World War II?