Question 1

Helene Cixous recognizes that social structures are inherent in language, so she writes at the limits of language in a style called _____ to mitigate the damage done by "masculinist" structures in philosophical writing.

A) binary opposition
B) ecriture feminine
C) logocentrism
D) geisteswissenschaften

B

Accepted Answer

Helene Cixous writes in the style of ecriture feminine to challenge the masculinist structures in philosophical writing. She recognizes that social structures are inherent in language and writes at the limits of language to subvert these structures. Binary opposition, logocentrism, and geisteswissenschaften are related concepts in philosophy, but they are not specific to Cixous's writing style.

Question 2

Who among the following is a representative of the &#34;First Wave&#34; of feminist philosophy?&#10;A) Simone de Beauvoir&#10;B) Julia Kristeva&#10;C) Harriet Taylor&#10;D) Nel Noddings

Accepted Answer

Harriet Taylor is a representative of the "First Wave" of feminist philosophy, which occurred in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Simone de Beauvoir and Julia Kristeva are part of the "Second Wave" of feminist philosophy, which occurred in the 1960s and 1970s. Nel Noddings is part of the "Care Ethics" movement within feminist philosophy, which emerged in the late 20th century as a response to traditional ethical theories.

Question 3

The whole focus of _____ work is to demonstrate that language doesn't exist outside the body.&#10;A) Sara Ruddick's&#10;B) H&#233;l&#232;ne Cixous's&#10;C) Nancy Chodorow's&#10;D) Carol Gilligan's

Accepted Answer

Hélène Cixous is known for her work on the relationship between language and the body. In her philosophy, language is not detached from the body but is instead intimately bound up with it. Her work aims to challenge the idea that language exists separately from the physical, sensory experiences that give rise to it.

Question 4

According to Nel Noddings, an ethics of caring is a set of principles or maxims.

Accepted Answer

Nel Noddings' ethics of caring emphasizes relationships and responsiveness in care, rather than a set of fixed principles or maxims. It focuses on the moral importance of responding to the needs of the dependent with sensitivity and compassion.

Question 5

According to Luce Irigaray, women have the capacity to define themselves.

Accepted Answer

Luce Irigaray argues that women have the capacity to define themselves, separate from the patriarchal norms and practices that have historically defined them as "other". She advocates for women to embrace their embodiment and sexuality as sources of power and resistance to oppressive structures.

Question 6

Carol Gilligan argues that men and women are very similar in the way they reason about moral issues.

Accepted Answer

Carol Gilligan argued that men and women have different approaches to moral reasoning, with men placing more emphasis on justice and rules, while women prioritize relationships and care. This theory is known as the ethic of care, and it challenges the traditional male-centered approach to ethics.

Question 7

Identify a true statement about the words associated with women, their occupations, and their bodies in a male-dominated society.&#10;A) Words associated with women tend to have derogatory and insulting slang meanings.&#10;B) Words associated with women get reified into objects beyond the human realm.&#10;C) Words associated with women vanish from the conversational landscape.&#10;D) Words associated with women in a positive light get transformed into male virtues.

Accepted Answer

Historically, words associated with women, their occupations, and their bodies have been used to insult and devalue them in male-dominated societies. For example, words like "slut" and "whore" are often used to shame women for their sexuality, while words like "bitch" and "crazy" are used to discredit their abilities and opinions. These derogatory meanings can also become embedded in the culture and be used to perpetuate sexism and misogyny.

Question 8

Simone de Beauvoir placed women in the role of &#34;other&#34; to man's &#34;self.&#34;

Accepted Answer

Simone de Beauvoir's concept of "otherness" refers to the idea that women are seen as the "other" in relation to men's dominant position as the "self." She argues that the construction of gender roles and stereotypes creates an unequal power dynamic, where men are viewed as the norm and women are viewed as deviations from that norm. As a result, women are often marginalized, excluded, and oppressed within society.

Question 9

Feminist philosophy excludes discussions of ecology.

Accepted Answer

Feminist philosophy considers the intersection of gender, race, class, sexuality, and the environment, leading to discussions of ecology and the relationship between humans and the natural world. Ecofeminism is one example of feminist philosophy that explores the connections between patriarchal domination and environmental degradation.

Question 10

Jacques Derrida called the space between two poles &#34;diff&#233;rance.&#34;

Accepted Answer

Jacques Derrida did indeed use the term "différance" to describe the space or difference between two poles or concepts.

Question 11

Which of the following is true of third-wave feminism?&#10;A) It accepts binary distinctions between men and women.&#10;B) It accepts &#34;sex positive&#34; ideologies.&#10;C) It rejects transsexual identities.&#10;D) It represents the uniformity of all strands of theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true of...

Question 12

Identify a reason why feminist epistemologists are suspicious of the concept of the &#34;ideal knower&#34; as dispassionate, objective, and purely rational.&#10;A) These qualities are of no value in the pursuit of knowledge and truth.&#10;B) Too many real people are like that, and they don't know much.&#10;C) Even supposedly objective scientists are influenced by their own prejudices and biases.&#10;D) They aren't suspicious of this concept at all.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify a reason why feminist epistemologists are...

Question 13

Mary Wollstonecraft believed that docility, dependence, and sensitivity were the virtues of women.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mary Wollstonecraft believed that docility, dependence, and...

Question 14

According to Nancy Chodorow, why do boys often become isolated, separate, and misogynous?&#10;A) Boys are naturally this way because of the presence of greater amounts of testosterone.&#10;B) They are often teased and rejected by girls at a young age.&#10;C) Society requires that boys make efforts to establish themselves as &#34;not-mother.&#34;&#10;D) Mass media, advertising, and entertainment combine to produce this result.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Nancy Chodorow, why do boys...

Question 15

Which of the following is true according to Julia Kristeva?&#10;A) The female semiotic has been devalued.&#10;B) Feminine signification has been marginalized because it threatens the traditionally masculinist symbolic discourse.&#10;C) Religious discourse can mediate a healing space between the symbolic and the semiotic.&#10;D) All of these answers are correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true according...

Question 16

Harriet Taylor is considered a first-wave feminist.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Harriet Taylor is considered a first-wave feminist....

Question 17

The word &#34;patriarchy&#34; was coined early in the second wave to represent the set of institutions that legitimized universal male power.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The word &#34;patriarchy&#34; was coined early in...

Question 18

According to Mary Wollstonecraft, which of the following virtues should be cultivated in women as well as men?&#10;A) docility&#10;B) dependence&#10;C) wisdom&#10;D) sensitivity

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Mary Wollstonecraft, which of the...

Question 19

The third wave of feminism began in the mid-1950s.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The third wave of feminism began in...

Question 20

Who among the following coined the approach &#34;maternal thinking&#34;?&#10;A) Nel Noddings&#10;B) Carol Gilligan&#10;C) Nancy Chodorow&#10;D) Sara Ruddick

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who among the following coined the approach...

Deck 14: Feminist Philosophy