Question 1

Zeno tried to refute Parmenides's claim that being does not change.

Accepted Answer

Zeno of Elea was a student of Parmenides and created paradoxes to support Parmenides's claim that reality is unchanging and that change is an illusion.

Question 2

Pythagoras is famous for the remark attributed to him, &#34;You cannot step in the same river twice.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The quote "You cannot step in the same river twice" is attributed to Heraclitus, a Greek philosopher, not Pythagoras.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true about Anaxagoras?&#10;A) He introduced into metaphysics an important distinction, that between matter and mind.&#10;B) He thought that basic particles were indivisible.&#10;C) He held that there were four different kinds of particles.&#10;D) He believed that particles were always in motion.

Accepted Answer

Anaxagoras is known for introducing the distinction between matter and mind into metaphysics. This idea was influential in later philosophy, particularly in the work of Plato and Aristotle. The other options are not accurate descriptions of Anaxagoras' beliefs.

Question 4

Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that deals with questions about being and reality.

Accepted Answer

Epistemology is actually the branch of philosophy that deals with questions about knowledge and belief, and how we acquire them. Ontology is the branch that deals with questions about being and reality.

Question 5

According to Empedocles, which of the following is the cause of change?&#10;A) nous&#10;B) condensation and rarefaction&#10;C) logos&#10;D) love and strife

Accepted Answer

Empedocles believed that love and strife, or attraction and repulsion, were two opposing forces that caused change in the world. Love brought things together and made them unity, while strife caused them to separate and become multiple. This idea was known as the "four elements" theory, where earth, air, fire, and water were combinations of love and strife.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true about Empedocles?&#10;A) He simply assumed some very basic principles and attempted to deduce from these what he thought must be the true nature of being.&#10;B) He thought that true reality is permanent and unchangeable, yet he also thought it absurd to dismiss the change one experiences as mere illusion.&#10;C) He wished to call attention to what he thought was the essential feature of reality; namely, that it is ceaselessly changing.&#10;D) He taught that each thing contains its opposite, just as, for example, people are simultaneously young and old and coming into and going out of existence.

Accepted Answer

Empedocles is known for his theory that combines the permanence of underlying substances with the apparent change observed in the world, arguing against the notion that change is illusory.

Question 7

What is reality according to a follower of Parmenides?&#10;A) one and changing&#10;B) one and unchanging&#10;C) many and changing&#10;D) many and unchanging

Accepted Answer

According to Parmenides, reality is one and unchanging. He believed in the principle of "being" and argued that change and plurality are illusions. Parmenides believed that reality is eternal and cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 8

Epistemology is the branch that explores the sources, nature, limits, and criteria of _____.&#10;A) knowledge&#10;B) being&#10;C) good and bad&#10;D) politics

Accepted Answer

Epistemology deals with understanding knowledge and its origins, nature, limits, and criteria. The other options - being, good and bad, and politics - fall under other branches of philosophy such as ontology, ethics, and political philosophy respectively.

Question 9

The view that future states and events are completely determined by preceding states and events is called determinism.

Accepted Answer

This is the definition of determinism.

Question 10

Thales, Anaximenes, and Anaximander are collectively known as the _____.&#10;A) Atomists&#10;B) Pythagoreans&#10;C) Milesians&#10;D) Particle Theorists

Accepted Answer

Thales, Anaximenes, and Anaximander were all ancient Greek philosophers from the city of Miletus, thus they are collectively known as the Milesians. Option A is incorrect because Atomism was developed by Democritus and Leucippus, who came later. Option B is incorrect because Pythagoras and his followers were a separate philosophical group from the Milesians. Option D is not a commonly used term in the history of philosophy.

Question 11

Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and fundamental properties of _____.&#10;A) knowledge&#10;B) god&#10;C) beauty&#10;D) being

Accepted Answer

The answer of Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy concerned...

Question 12

Who among the following were regarded as the Atomists?&#10;A) Leucippus and Democritus&#10;B) Anaximander and Anaximenes&#10;C) Pythagoras and Thales&#10;D) Heraclitus and Parmenides

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who among the following were regarded as...

Question 13

What was the essence of reality for Heraclitus?&#10;A) change&#10;B) permanence&#10;C) water&#10;D) apeiron

Accepted Answer

The answer of What was the essence of reality for...

Question 14

Which is a theme common to all the pre-Socratics?&#10;A) Nothing changes.&#10;B) Everything is made of particles.&#10;C) The experienced world is a manifestation of a more fundamental underlying reality.&#10;D) True reality is unknowable.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which is a theme common to all...

Question 15

Anaximander refused to identify the basic stuff with any observable substance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Anaximander refused to identify the basic stuff...

Question 16

According to Aristotle, Pythagoras claimed that all things were made out of numbers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Aristotle, Pythagoras claimed that all...

Question 17

According to Theano, what did Pythagoras claim?&#10;A) Numbers are unreal.&#10;B) Everything is in accordance with number.&#10;C) Everything is made out of numbers.&#10;D) Reality is totally material.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Theano, what did Pythagoras claim?&#10;A)...

Deck 2: The Pre-Socratics