Question 1

Derrida claimed that a true gift is entirely unconditional.

Accepted Answer

Derrida argued that a true gift is given without any expectation of reciprocity or reward, thus making it unconditional.

Question 2

Philosophers use the concept of the p-zombie to question physicalism.

Accepted Answer

Philosophers use the concept of the p-zombie to argue against physicalism, which is the philosophical view that everything, including mental states and processes, can be reduced to and explained by physical properties and laws. P-zombies are hypothetical beings that are behaviorally and functionally identical to humans but lack consciousness. By imagining the existence of p-zombies, philosophers aim to show that consciousness cannot be fully explained by physical processes and must be posited as a separate, non-physical aspect of reality.

Question 3

_____ is the idea that a mental state is defined not by some arrangement of physical matter but by what it causes and is caused by in the network of sensory stimuli, behavior, and other mental states.&#10;A) Dualism&#10;B) Behaviorism&#10;C) Identity theory&#10;D) Functionalism

Accepted Answer

Functionalism is the idea that mental states are defined by their function or role in a larger system of behaviors, perceptions, and responses. This means that mental states are not reducible to physical states or causes, but are instead uniquely determined by their position in the larger network of mental interactions. Functionalism suggests that mental states can vary depending on their context, the stimuli that trigger them, and the way they affect other mental states and behaviors.

Question 4

Derrida insisted that a gift is an aporia, a paradox.

Accepted Answer

Derrida argued that the concept of gift-giving is a paradoxical and aporetic phenomenon, where the act of giving contains within it both a moment of generosity as well as a moment of obligation or indebtedness.

Question 5

The puzzle of music is the issue of how:&#10;A) rhythm can make us tap our feet.&#10;B) various instruments can sound like animals.&#10;C) music can express emotions while being nonrepresentational.&#10;D) conductors, who don't play an instrument, can enrich the musical experience.

Accepted Answer

The puzzle of music is the issue of how music can express emotions without being representational. This is the fundamental question of music theory and philosophy.

Question 6

Dualism is a physicalist viewpoint in the philosophy of mind.

Accepted Answer

Dualism is actually a non-physicalist viewpoint in the philosophy of mind, as it posits the existence of both physical and non-physical substances.

Question 7

Many analytic philosophers doubt whether dualism is a viable theory.

Accepted Answer

Analytic philosophers tend to reject dualism in favor of physicalism or materialism. They argue that the mind can be fully explained by physical phenomena rather than requiring the existence of a separate immaterial soul or mind.

Question 8

Which of the following views maintains that mental phenomena are physical phenomena within the brain and the central nervous system?&#10;A) dualism&#10;B) behaviorism&#10;C) identity theory&#10;D) functionalism

Accepted Answer

The view that mental phenomena are physical phenomena within the brain and the central nervous system is known as the identity theory. This theory suggests that mental states and processes are identical to specific brain states and processes. Dualism, on the other hand, suggests that the mind and brain are separate entities. Behaviorism focuses on observable behavior rather than mental processes. Functionalism suggests that mental processes can be understood in terms of their function or purpose.

Question 9

Which of the following views maintains that words like &#34;hope,&#34; &#34;belief,&#34; or &#34;desire&#34; do not refer to things at all, whether physical or nonphysical?&#10;A) dualism&#10;B) behaviorism&#10;C) identity theory&#10;D) functionalism

Accepted Answer

Behaviorism holds that mental states like hope, belief, or desire do not refer to anything physical or nonphysical, but rather are simply descriptions of behavior.

Question 10

The problem of interaction is especially troublesome for the philosophical tradition of:&#10;A) dualism.&#10;B) behaviorism.&#10;C) identity theory.&#10;D) functionalism.

Accepted Answer

Dualism posits that there are two kinds of substances in the world - mind and matter - that interact with each other. However, it is unclear how two fundamentally different substances can interact with one another. This problem of interaction was famously raised by philosopher Gilbert Ryle and has yet to be adequately resolved by proponents of dualism.

Question 11

Derrida asked if the conditions of the possibility of a gift are not also the conditions of its impossibility.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Derrida asked if the conditions of the...

Question 12

Aesthetics is also called the philosophy of art.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Aesthetics is also called the philosophy of...

Question 13

Identity theory makes it impossible for creatures without brains to be conscious.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identity theory makes it impossible for creatures...

Question 14

Identity theory and behaviorism are the same.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identity theory and behaviorism are the same....

Question 15

Which of the following theories holds that humans do not make choices?&#10;A) causal determinism&#10;B) neuroscientific determinism&#10;C) psychological determinism&#10;D) None of these answers are correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following theories holds that...

Question 16

Identify a manifestly true statement about the paradox of fiction.&#10;A) Fiction can often seem real enough to be read.&#10;B) We often respond emotionally to fictional characters and situations.&#10;C) Philosophy is too complicated to be incorporated into fiction.&#10;D) We believe in the existence of fictional objects.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify a manifestly true statement about the...

Question 17

Which of the following forms of determinism holds that your choices are determined by your preferences?&#10;A) neuroscientific determinism&#10;B) psychological determinism&#10;C) causal determinism&#10;D) None of these answers are correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following forms of determinism...

Question 18

Gilbert Ryle is associated with the idea of:&#10;A) dualism.&#10;B) behaviorism.&#10;C) identity theory.&#10;D) functionalism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Gilbert Ryle is associated with the idea...

Question 19

The Brillo Boxes is a sculpture by Jacques Derrida.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Brillo Boxes is a sculpture by...

Question 20

Jacques Derrida is associated with his exploration of:&#10;A) identity theory.&#10;B) the philosophy of gift.&#10;C) psychological determinism.&#10;D) None of these answers are correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jacques Derrida is associated with his exploration...

Deck 17: Four Philosophical Problems