Deck 5: Ethical Perspectives

Question 1

From a ______ perspective, businesses and other organizations function as moral communities in which members have a significant voice in the rules and policies that govern them.

A) pluralistic
B) Kantian
C) self-sacrificing
D) pragmatic

Answer 1

B

Question 2

______ followers do not wait to be asked.

A) Engaged
B) Dynamic
C) Proactive
D) Active

Answer 2

C

Question 3

______ emphasized that individual growth is the ultimate goal of moral decision-making.

A) Kant
B) Gandhi
C) Dewey
D) Bentham

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is not an application of utilitarianism?

A) build on your prior experience
B) set personal interests aside
C) carefully examine the outcomes of your decisions
D) there may be unanticipated outcomes

Question 5

______ argued that ethical dilemmas should be approached scientifically as well.

A) Immanuel Kant
B) Jeremy Bentham
C) Gandhi
D) John Dewey

Question 6

The term ______ means "without exception."

A) altruistic
B) empathetic
C) categorical
D) self-sacrifice

Question 7

______ is integral to altruistic leadership.

A) Dramatic rehearsal
B) Ethical behavior
C) Social relationships
D) Self-sacrifice

Question 8

______ argued that people should do what is morally right no matter the consequences.

A) Kant
B) Gandhi
C) Dewey
D) Bentham

Question 9

Which of the following is not one of the applications of Kant's perspective?

A) be duty-bound
B) moral obligations may conflict with one another
C) always ask yourself if you would want everyone to make the same choice
D) demonstrate respect for others

Question 10

In ______, people are never a means to an end; they are the ends.

A) altruism
B) utilitarianism
C) functionism
D) pragmatism

Question 11

______ followers see themselves in subordinate position.

A) Active
B) Proactive
C) Passive
D) Apathetic

Question 12

______ is a central value of Confucianism.

A) Humility
B) Benevolence
C) Compassion
D) Humbleness

Question 13

Which philosopher is associated with utilitarianism?

A) Immanuel Kant
B) Jeremy Bentham
C) the Dalai Lama
D) John Dewey

Question 14

______ is based on the premise that ethical choices should be based on their consequences.

A) Altruism
B) Utilitarianism
C) Functionism
D) Pragmatism

Question 15

Concern for others promotes healthy ______.

A) social relationships
B) engaged learners
C) conversation
D) activity

Question 16

Which of the following is not a caution of pragmatism?

A) lacks a moral center
B) can lead to undesirable decisions
C) assures that communities will develop similar standards
D) measuring growth is difficult

Question 17

Team building is an example of ______ type of altruistic behavior.

A) individual-focused
B) group-focused
C) organizational-focused
D) societal-focused

Question 18

In ______, decision-makers conduct a series of imaginary thought experiments to visualize how their decisions could turn out.

A) dramatic rehearsal
B) ethical behavior
C) social relationships
D) self-sacrifice

Question 19

______ argued that we should never treat people as a means to an end.

A) Kant
B) Gandhi
C) Dewey
D) Bentham

Question 20

______ followers believe it is important to express their opinions and to offer input to their leaders when asked.

A) Engaged
B) Dynamic
C) Proactive
D) Active

Question 21

______ theory is best applied to democratic societies.

A) Altruism
B) Utilitarianism
C) Kant's categorical imperative
D) Justice as fairness

Question 22

Pragmatism was the dominant philosophical movement in the United States from the Civil War through World War II.

Question 23

What is it called when an individual practices mental imagination of a decision for the purpose of visualizing how a decision might play out?

A) dramatic rehearsal
B) justice as fairness
C) pragmatic temperament
D) moral obligation

Question 24

______ was the dominant philosophical movement in the United States from the Civil War through World War II.

A) Altruism
B) Utilitarianism
C) Functionism
D) Pragmatism

Question 25

Which of the following was not part of Virginia Held's model?

A) focuses on the importance of noting and meeting the needs of those we are responsible for
B) values emotions
C) specific needs and relationships take priority above universal principles
D) values integrity

Question 26

According to ______, each person has an equal right to the same basic liberties that are compatible with similar liberties for all.

A) Rawls
B) Kant
C) Dewey
D) Bentham

Question 27

Utilitarianism seeks to minimize harm for the greatest number of people.

Question 28

Differences in status, wealth, and ability disappear behind the ______.

A) veil of ignorance
B) veil of fairness
C) veil of bliss
D) veil of prosperity

Question 29

In the event of large-scale medical emergencies, a medical staff may need to make tough decisions on who should be prioritized for medical care based on a patient's likelihood to survive. This is an example of which ethical approach?

A) altruism
B) utilitarianism
C) kant's categorical imperative
D) justice as fairness

Question 30

______ are compassionate individuals who absorb other's pain, helping them confront and overcome their negative feelings to go forward.

A) Leaders
B) Enablers
C) Pragmatics
D) Toxin handlers

Question 31

______ altruistic behaviors include providing training, technical assistance, and mentoring.

A) Organizational-focused
B) Individual-focused
C) Group-focused
D) Societal-focused

Question 32

______ altruistic behaviors include making contributions to promote social welfare, reducing pollution, ensuring product safety, and maintaining customer satisfaction.

A) Organizational-focused
B) Individual-focused
C) Group-focused
D) Societal-focused

Question 33

Altruism appears to be a universal value.

Question 34

______ altruistic attitudes and actions include demonstrating commitment and loyalty, protecting organizational resources, and whistleblowing.

A) Organizational-focused
B) Individual-focused
C) Group-focused
D) Societal-focused

Question 35

______ altruistic behaviors include team building, participative group decision-making, and minority advancement programs.

A) Organizational-focused
B) Individual-focused
C) Group-focused
D) Societal-focused

Question 36

According to ______, what is right for one is right for all.

A) Rawls
B) Kant
C) Dewey
D) Bentham

Question 37

One of the cautions of pragmatism lacks a ______.

A) moral center
B) moral reason
C) moral landscape
D) moral compass

Question 38

What do utilitarianism and the categorical imperative have in common?

A) Both focus on the consequences of choices.
B) Both involve the application of universal rules to specific situations.
C) Both are growing increasingly popular among philosophers.
D) These approaches have nothing in common.

Question 39

Jeremy Bentham is one of the theorists associated with altruism.

Question 40

Which ethical approach may focus on an individual being duty bound?

A) altruism
B) pragmatism
C) Kant's categorical imperative
D) justice as fairness

Question 41

One caution of altruism is that the extent of obligations is a little too clear.

Question 42

Explain why altruism is more important to leaders than followers.

Question 43

Describe the applications of pragmatism.

Question 44

Utilitarian analysis can also be used when choosing between two negative alternatives.

Question 45

One caution is that Rawls's principles can only be applied to democratic societies.

Question 46

Caregivers can get caught up in empathy and deny their own needs.

Question 47

The majority of us believe that our greatest moral responsibility lies with those who are closest to us.

Question 48

Discuss the four steps for conducting a utilitarian analysis of an ethical problem.

Question 49

John Dewey was a spokesperson for utilitarianism.

Question 50

Describe the applications of utilitarianism.

Question 51

Deontological ethicists argue that we ought to make choices based on our duties.

Question 52

Name and explain Rawls's principles of justice.

Question 53

List the "cautions" of Kant's perspective.

Question 54

What is "the veil of ignorance?"

Question 55

Utilitarian decision makers almost always reach the same conclusions when faced with the same dilemma.

Question 56

Taking a pragmatic approach is inflexible.

Question 57

One of the cautions of utilitarianism is that there may be unanticipated consequences.

Question 58

Describe the applications of altruism.