Deck 13: Global Issues in Juvenile Justice

Question 1

Juvenile delinquency in ______ is on the rise, with the primary offenses being theft, robbery, smuggling, prostitution, the abuse of narcotic substances, and drug trafficking among young offenders.

A) Middle East
B) Africa
C) Asia
D) Europe

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In ______ countries, youth may face the death of one or both parents during periods of armed conflict and can be orphaned without the basic necessities to sustain themselves.

A) modern
B) primitive
C) developing
D) industrialized

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Some countries are facing great difficulty because they are located near or within the "Golden Crescent" or the "Golden Triangle"-two areas of Asia where massive amounts of ______ are grown and produced.

A) marijuana
B) cocaine
C) opium
D) salvia

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The World Youth Report (United Nations, 2003), a comprehensive document describing juvenile delinquency around the world, indicates that the number of children in especially difficult circumstances is estimated to have increased from 80 million to ______ million between 1992 and 2000.

A) 90
B) 100
C) 120
D) 150

Question 5

The effects of ______ have impacted the juvenile justice arena-just as they have numerous other areas of criminal justice operations.

A) porous borders
B) globalization
C) regionalization
D) the United Nations

Question 6

International police data show that the delinquency rate of male juvenile offenders is more than ___ that of juvenile females.

A) quadruple
B) triple
C) double
D) 5 times

Question 7

Regardless of the location, who collects information regarding the status of the case of an arrested juvenile?

A) law enforcement agency
B) public prosecutor
C) place of detention
D) parents or guardians

Question 8

The ______ is a comprehensive document describing juvenile delinquency around the world.

A) Universal Youth Report
B) Report on Global Delinquency
C) World Heath Report
D) World Youth Report

Question 9

In ______, arrests of juvenile delinquents and underage offenders increased by an approximate average of 50% between the mid-1980s and the late 1990s.

A) Central Asia
B) Africa
C) Western Europe
D) Eastern Europe

Question 10

The World Youth Report (United Nations, 2003) noted that around the world, youth who are most at risk of becoming delinquent share similar characteristics such as parental alcoholism, ______, breakdowns in the family, and abusive family dynamics.

A) hunger
B) brutalization
C) frustration
D) poverty

Question 11

In both areas of ______, urbanization and economic factors have been considered as primary contributors to the emerging gang problem.

A) Asia
B) Europe
C) North America
D) Africa

Question 12

It has even been speculated that delinquency is simply a natural by-product of ______ in developed countries.

A) modernization
B) urbanization
C) communism
D) broken families

Question 13

The most noticeable trends in ______ are the rise in the number of violent acts committed by young people, the increase in drug-related offenses, and the marked growth of female juvenile delinquency.

A) Latin America
B) Asia
C) Africa
D) North America

Question 14

Regardless of the location, who collects information regarding the date and reason for an arrest of a juvenile?

A) law enforcement agency
B) public prosecutor
C) place of detention
D) parents or guardians

Question 15

In the People's Republic of China, juvenile crime has ______, and juvenile gangs have been specifically cited for serious crimes such as assault and rape.

A) remained static
B) decreased sharply
C) decreased
D) increased

Question 16

There is one single common variable that tends to emerge among all countries that report serious increases in delinquency, ______.

A) suburbanization
B) industrialization
C) communism
D) urbanization

Question 17

Youth gangs in ______ tend to be traditional youth who have embraced neo-Nazi ideologies, largely in reaction to the immigration of Eastern Europeans and other foreigners into that country.

A) Italy
B) Germany
C) Poland
D) France

Question 18

______ refers to the increased connectivity and interdependence that has evolved among countries; this sense of interconnection has been fostered by technological advances as well as cultural shifts.

A) Regionalization
B) Borderization
C) Globalization
D) Connectedness

Question 19

______ is noted as having the largest gang member population in Central America.

A) El Salvador
B) Colombia
C) Honduras
D) Mexico

Question 20

Mexican juvenile gangs are typically composed of youths from ______ urban neighborhoods.

A) lower class
B) marginal
C) middle-class
D) upper class

Question 21

Globally, delinquent subcultures reflect the attempts of youth to resolve challenges presented by society.

Question 22

Juvenile delinquency is a worldwide problem that has ebbed and flowed in focus and attention just as it has in the United States.

Question 23

The level of juvenile gang violence in Europe was found to be more serious than the level of juvenile gang violence in the United States.

Question 24

As with the United States, it is clear that delinquency and crime are not correlated with gender.

Question 25

Africa, in general, is characterized by a great deal of political instability and corruption, this is particularly true in nations such as Nigeria, Dakar, and Senegal.

Question 26

The MS-13 gang membership has increased due to increased membership of U.S. citizens, usually of Mexican or Central American origin.

Question 27

The standards and guidelines for addressing juvenile offending have been set by the United Nations through three key documents: the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (the Beijing Rules), the United Nations CRC (1989), and the United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (the Riyadh Guidelines).

Question 28

Restorative justice processes in the United States were largely borrowed from other countries-particularly ______ countries.

A) European
B) Asian
C) African
D) Latin American

Question 29

While delinquency may be a typical characteristic at one time or another among youth, it does not tend to be a solitary activity.

Question 30

It is likely that delinquency will only be reduced if developing countries become more ______ and less ______.

A) corrupt, stable
B) stable, ethical
C) corrupt, ethical
D) stable, corrupt

Question 31

Youth from modernized regions where family instability has emerged are not particularly vulnerable to becoming delinquent.

Question 32

Juvenile delinquency is particularly acute and is often associated with the problem of homelessness among children and adolescents in the Middle East.

Question 33

Regardless of the limitations in data collection and measurement and regardless of whether we can adequately compare juvenile systems around the world, one thing is clear-delinquency is a growing problem around the world.

Question 34

Nations such as Germany, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan have long histories of integrating restorative justice techniques into their official response to problems with delinquency.

Question 35

Juvenile gangs are widespread throughout Asia.

Question 36

One of the most important reasons that the United States has not ratified this CRC treaty is because, during the time of its creation, the United States allowed the ______ for juveniles whose crime was committed prior to their 18th birthday.

A) death penalty
B) life imprisonment
C) parole
D) deinstitutionalization

Question 37

Despite commonalities throughout the world, there is not much variability in the way in which delinquency is measured from country to country around the world, and this makes it easy to determine the exact extent of delinquency and its impact on the global community.

Question 38

From 1990 to 2005, it was the ______ that committed the majority of juvenile executions.

A) Congo
B) United States
C) Middle East
D) Africa

Question 39

The CRC was different from the Beijing Rules because it was ______ upon member nations who signed this document.

A) mandatory
B) legally binding
C) civilly binding
D) not legally binding

Question 40

With the exception of Germany, juvenile gangs exist in Europe but are not the focus of as much media attention.

Question 41

Discuss juvenile gang formation in various areas of the world.

Question 42

Compare and contrast the characteristics of juvenile offenders globally.

Question 43

Compare the patterns of delinquency among various regions of the world.

Question 44

Discuss responses to juvenile crime among several key countries.

Question 45

Discuss and analyze the extent of delinquency in other countries.