Deck 10: Prevention and Diversion Programs

Question 1

Teen or drug courts, known as problem-solving or therapeutic courts, focus on ______ issues that emerge in the traditional court, but cannot be adequately dealt with through traditional court means and sanctions.

A) family
B) school
C) social
D) psychological

Answer 1

C

Question 2

If we prevent ______ offending, we can prevent the beginning of ______ criminal offending as well.

A) adult, juvenile
B) adolescent, juvenile
C) juvenile, adult
D) adult, adolescent

Answer 2

C

Question 3

______ programs involve small, closely supervised groups of juveniles who are confronted with difficult physical challenges that require teamwork and cooperation to overcome them.

A) Upward
B) School
C) Wilderness
D) Inner-city

Answer 3

C

Question 4

______ courts aim to stop the abuse of alcohol and other drugs (AODs) through the use of intensive therapeutic supervision.

A) Teen
B) Juvenile
C) Therapeutic
D) Drug

Question 5

During the 1930s, the ______ involved churches, social clubs, and community committees that sponsored recreation programs for juveniles; addressed problems associated with law enforcement, health services, and education; targeted local gangs; and helped to reintegrate juveniles who had been adjudicated delinquent.

A) Chicago Area Project
B) Harlem experiment
C) Philadelphia project
D) Barrio Initiative

Question 6

A 2003 study by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) pointed out that the earlier an ______ can be introduced, the better the opportunity to change the behavior.

A) prevention
B) diversion
C) intervention
D) incarceration

Question 7

______ prevention attempts to prevent further illegal acts among offenders once such acts have been committed.

A) Primary
B) Tertiary
C) Quaternary
D) Secondary

Question 8

Researchers have found that ______ and ______ were two restorative programs that showed the most promise in reducing recidivism.

A) victim-offender mediation, offender accountability counseling
B) offender accountability counseling, family group counseling
C) victim-offender mediation, family group conferencing
D) victim accountability, family group counseling

Question 9

______ prevention is directed at preventing illegal acts among the juvenile population as a whole before they occur by alleviating social conditions related to the offenders.

A) Primary
B) Tertiary
C) Quaternary
D) Secondary

Question 10

______ theories stress the desirability of prevention rather than correction.

A) Labeling
B) Labeling and learning
C) Social control
D) Rational choice

Question 11

The philosophy of ______ justice centers on the assertion that crime and delinquency affect persons instead of the traditional assertion that crime affects the state.

A) balanced
B) fair
C) due process
D) restorative

Question 12

The concept of ______ court has originated as a way to keep first-time juvenile offenders who commit minor offenses and are willing to admit guilt from being processed in the formal juvenile justice system.

A) teen
B) juvenile
C) therapeutic
D) drug

Question 13

It would seem reasonable to bring as many resources as possible to bear so as to ______ the offender from engaging in illegal behavior in the first place (predelinquent intervention) or to try to ______ the juvenile, as early as possible, when he or she does encounter the justice system.

A) divert, prevent
B) prevent, incarcerate
C) divert, incarcerate
D) prevent, divert

Question 14

______ advocates programs such as victim-offender mediation, victim-impact panels, community service, and community sentencing.

A) Balanced justice
B) Restorative justice
C) School programs
D) Wilderness programs

Question 15

Intervening with a juvenile prior to adjudication is referred to as:

A) diversion.
B) postadjudication intervention.
C) prevention.
D) preadjudication intervention.

Question 16

The ______ program is a 13-week curriculum offered in middle schools, elementary schools, during the summer, and to families. Its focus is on reducing the number of children joining gangs and it is taught by uniformed police officers.

A) DARE
B) GREAT
C) Antibullying
D) CAP

Question 17

In restorative justice, ______ are measured by how much repair was done rather than by how much punishment was inflicted.

A) results
B) crime rates
C) arrest rates
D) juvenile offenses

Question 18

The goal of the semester-long ______ program aimed at fifth and sixth graders is to equip juveniles with the skills to resist peer pressure to use drugs.

A) DARE
B) GREAT
C) Antibullying
D) CAP

Question 19

Restorative justice defines a ______ as an offense against human relationships.

A) tort
B) wrong
C) injustice
D) crime

Question 20

______ prevention seeks to identify juveniles who appear to be at high risk for delinquency and/or abuse and to intervene in their lives early.

A) Primary
B) Tertiary
C) Quaternary
D) Secondary

Question 21

No single program is likely to emerge as being effective in preventing any delinquency.

Question 22

Prior offending history is more indicative of recidivism after completing a restorative justice program than type of offense.

Question 23

Research has shown that participation in the D.A.R.E. program during elementary school has no effect on later alcohol use, cigarette smoking, or marijuana use in the 12th grade, although it may deter a small amount of the use of illegal and more deviant drugs such as inhalants, cocaine, and LSD among teenage males.

Question 24

______ courts focus on social issues that emerge in the traditional court system but that cannot be adequately dealt with through traditional court means and sanctions.

A) Teen
B) Juvenile
C) Therapeutic
D) Drug

Question 25

The earlier intervention can be introduced, the lesser the opportunity to change the behavior of a juvenile offender.

Question 26

Radical nonintervention refers to the idea that the primary target for delinquency policy should be neither the individual nor the local community setting, but rather the delinquency-defining processes themselves.

Question 27

The concept of restorative justice may make sense for young middle-class offenders involved in minor first offenses but may be totally irrelevant for those living in the most crime-ridden areas.

Question 28

Juvenile drug court programs reduce crime by lowering rearrest and conviction rates among graduates of the court.

Question 29

Programs oriented toward reforming society have been quite ______ in terms of the results produced, depending on whether results are measured in terms of alleviating educational, occupational, and economic difficulties or in terms of reducing delinquency.

A) unsuccessful
B) cheap
C) successful
D) costly

Question 30

In most cases, we wait until a juvenile comes into official contact with the system before an attempt is made to modify the behavior that has, by the time contact becomes official, been more or less ingrained.

Question 31

Inherent in the multifaceted problems of delinquency and child abuse prevention is the fact that these behaviors have roots in the basic social conditions of the society.

Question 32

Research on the teen courts' ability to reduce recidivism has shown many positive results.

Question 33

The agencies of the juvenile justice system that are established to correct delinquent behavior often contribute to its occurrence even as they try to cope with it.

Question 34

The extent to which any results can be attributed to a specific program is extremely easy to measure.

Question 35

Esbensen and Osgood (1999) found that students who participated in the GREAT program were no less likely to join gangs and had a decrease in gang-related knowledge.

Question 36

Much of the money intended for juveniles with problems ends up in ______, and many of the personnel hired to help supervise, train, and educate these juveniles are tied up in dealing with administrative red tape.

A) salaries
B) bonuses
C) court costs
D) restitution

Question 37

Increased attention and research on bullying is not warranted in contemporary schools.

Question 38

Programs directed toward pure prevention may, unintentionally, lead juveniles to be labeled earlier by identifying them at an earlier stage and are called ______.

A) diversion
B) net widening
C) crime expansion
D) radical nonintervention

Question 39

To rehabilitate the juvenile, it is necessary to deal with more than the act of delinquency that brought the youth to the attention of the justice system.

Question 40

The public is frequently hesitant to finance ______ programs because they have no immediately visible payoffs.

A) diversion
B) incarceration
C) rehabilitation
D) prevention

Question 41

Discuss what primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention are. Provide examples of each.

Question 42

List and describe at least two specialty or therapeutic courts and discuss their effectiveness.

Question 43

Pick any two prevention or diversion programs and critique them using the material presented in the text.

Question 44

What is restorative justice? How can it be applied to juvenile offenders?

Question 45

In general terms, discuss the pros and cons of prevention and diversion with juvenile offending.

Question 46

List and discuss at least two specific prevention or diversion programs. Evaluate the effectiveness of each using statistics or examples.