Deck 14: Computers, Technology, and Criminalistics in Policing

Question 1

The domestic use of drones, and even their consideration of use, has become the subject of national debate, including filibuster in the U.S.Senate.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

PCR-STR procedures for the analysis of DNA evidence allow samples that have degraded or broken down to be analyzed.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The BlackBerry can be loaded with specialized law enforcement programs allowing the user to query the NCIC database as well as other state and motor vehicle department databases.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

DNA collection needs to improve because crime labs are ill-equipped to deal with the influx of DNA samples.

Question 5

Computers have not yet been used for patrol allocation operations.

Question 6

Automated fingerprint identification systems began to be developed in the 1980s.

Question 7

There are six classifications of fingerprints.

Question 8

ViCAP contains information on unsolved burglaries.

Question 9

Which of the following is not one of the major issues involved in patrol allocation?

A)Determining which officer to assign to each beat
B)Determining the number of patrol units needed in each precinct, at each time of the day, and for each day of the week
C)Designing patrol beats
D)Developing policies to dispatch and redeploy patrol units

Question 10

Composite sketches of suspects can be prepared by computers without the assistance of a police artist.

Question 11

Which of the following is not a nonlethal weapon being used by the police today?

A)Chemical sprays
B)Irritant sprays
C)Tasers
D)Lasers

Question 12

Because computer-aided investigation systems have not proven to be very effective in the criminal investigation process, they are being abandoned by many police departments in the United States.

Question 13

Less-than-lethal technology is the perfect weapon available that will immediately stop unlawful resistance and will cause absolutely no harm to the receiver.

Question 14

The latest in night vision technology includes infrared (IR) technology and thermal imaging (TI).This technology requires no light at all to see objects in total darkness.

Question 15

The Violent Criminal Apprehension Program (ViCAP) is maintained by DHS.

Question 16

Age-progression photographs are prepared by forensic artists rather than computers.

Question 17

It is impossible to change one's fingerprints.

Question 18

Police officers with in-car data access technology make more than eight times as many inquiries on driving records, vehicle registrations, and wanted persons or property per 8-hour shift than do officers without in-car computers.

Question 19

Mitochondrial DNA is more useful for identification than nuclear DNA.

Question 20

Lasers can be used to lift fingerprints from surfaces that often defy traditional powder or chemical techniques, including glass, paper, cardboard, rubber, wood, plastic, leather, and even human skin.

Question 21

Which of the following is not a benefit provided by either enhanced 911 or enhanced CAD systems that utilize mobile digital terminals (MDTs)?

A)Direct interface between the patrol unit and local, county, state, and federal criminal justice information system computers
B)Dramatic increase in response time
C)Elimination of responses to non-life-threatening emergency calls
D)Better coordination of all emergency agencies, since their movements can be monitored visually by both officers at the scene and dispatchers

Question 22

The computer database used by Washington State investigators to analyze characteristics of murders and sexual offenses is called _________.

A)CATCH
B)HITS/SMART
C)HOLMES
D)SHERLOCK

Question 23

In using the computerized database referred to as CATCH, detectives feed in the suspect's ______________.

A)description and last-known location
B)description and modus operandi
C)fingerprints and last-known location
D)photograph and method of operation

Question 24

What can be used in the examination of possible forgeries?

A)Serology
B)Criminalistics
C)Chemistry
D)Document analysis.

Question 25

Fingerprint ridge impressions left on a soft material such as putty, wax, soap, or dust are called __________.

A)plastic prints
B)latent prints
C)acoustic prints
D)seated prints

Question 26

Mug shot ____________ is a system of digitizing a picture and storing its image on a computer so that it can be retrieved at a later time.

A)digitizing
B)storing
C)imaging
D)xeroxing

Question 27

In 2009, the National Academy of Sciences issued a 328-page report, Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward.The report found serious problems with ______.

A)much of the evidence collected by patrol officers at crime scenes
B)genetic profiling
C)much of the work performed by crime laboratories in the United States
D)expired certifications of forensic examiners

Question 28

The first scientist to use DNA profiling in a criminal case was _______.

A)Alec Jeffreys
B)Joseph Wambaugh
C)Barry Scheck
D)Gerald Sheindlin

Question 29

The Violent Criminal Apprehension Program (ViCAP) database contains information on ______.

A)persons arrested for violent crime
B)persons wanted for violent crime
C)victims of violent crime
D)unsolved homicides

Question 30

The use of the Taser was upheld in court in _________.

A)Nolte v.United States
B)King v.Taser, Inc.
C)Michenfelder v.Sumner
D)Scott v.Maryland

Question 31

The 911 emergency telephone number system was introduced by AT&T in ______.

A)1968
B)1945
C)1973
D)1986

Question 32

The computer-aided investigation system developed for British investigators is called ___________.

A)CATCH
B)HITS/SMART
C)HOLMES
D)SHERLOCK

Question 33

What is used in the examination of hairs, fibers, and fingernail scrapings?

A)Ballistics
B)Serology
C)Criminalistics
D)Chemistry

Question 34

What is used in the examination of marijuana, cocaine, and heroin?

A)Serology
B)Criminalistics
C)Chemistry
D)Document analysis

Question 35

The branch of forensic science that identifies corpses through dental examination is called forensic _____.

A)toxicology
B)pathology
C)physical anthropology
D)odontology

Question 36

AFIS means _______.

A)automated fingerprint identification systems
B)automatic fingerprint identification systems
C)automated fingerprint information systems
D)automatic fingerprint information systems

Question 37

Today, computerization is suitable for ____________.

A)only police departments serving cities with a population of one million citizens or more
B)only police departments serving cities with a population of 100,000 or more
C)any police department, regardless of size
D)organizations such as businesses, not police departments

Question 38

What is used in the examination of blood, semen, and other body fluids?

A)Ballistics
B)Serology
C)Criminalistics
D)Chemistry

Question 39

The NCIC is operated by the _________.

A)Secret Service
B)U.S.Marshals Service
C)Federal Bureau of Investigation
D)National Criminal Justice Reference Service

Question 40

Deoxyribonucleic acid is otherwise known as __________.

A)DMA.
B)DEA.
C)DYA.
D)DNA.

Question 41

Which of the following systems have not increased the ability of departments to control and monitor their patrol functions through the CAD and MDT?

A)GPS
B)GIS
C)AVL
D)ADP

Question 42

DNA is the abbreviation for ____________.

Question 43

___________ can be used to lift prints from surfaces that often defy traditional powder or chemical techniques, including glass, paper, cardboard, rubber, wood, and even human skin.

A)Microchips
B)Robotics
C)X-rays
D)Lasers

Question 44

Marks made by fingers touching a surface after the ridges have been in contact with a colored material such as blood, paint, grease, or ink are called ___________.

A)visible prints
B)latent prints
C)plastic prints
D)acoustic prints

Question 45

The analysis of poisons and other toxic substances in a person's body is called forensic ___________.

A)toxicology
B)pathology
C)physical anthropology
D)odontology

Question 46

The computerized mug shot database created by the New York City Police Department and used to investigate robberies is called __________.

A)CATCH
B)HITS/SMART
C)HOLMES
D)SHERLOCK

Question 47

Fraudulently acquiring private or sensitive information using computer program expertise and techniques is called _________.

A)spyware
B)Trojan horse attack
C)phishing
D)malware

Question 48

The first police department with a computer system (in 1964) was _________.

A)New York City
B)San Francisco
C)Los Angeles
D)St.Louis

Question 49

For law enforcement purposes, the acronym CAD means _______.

A)computer-assisted department
B)computer-aided dispatch
C)computer-automatic dispatch
D)centralized audio dispatch

Question 50

The examination of dead bodies is called forensic ______.

A)toxicology
B)pathology
C)physical anthropology
D)odontology

Question 51

Thermal imaging detectors are used _________.

A)to measure skid marks at crash scenes
B)for perimeter surveillance
C)to locate fugitives and for search and rescue
D)All of these choices.

Question 52

Live Scan is a(n) ____________ scanning system.

A)ink and
B)optical fingerprint
C)retinal
D)data entry

Question 53

NCIC means ___________.

A)National Crime Investigation Center
B)National Criminal Information Center
C)National Crime Information Center
D)National Criminal Investigation Center

Question 54

What is used in the examination of guns and bullets?

A)Ballistics
B)Serology
C)Criminalistics
D)Chemistry

Question 55

DNA is very useful in solving cold cases due to its hardiness and ability not to break down easily.

Question 56

The examination of skeletal remains is called forensic ________.

A)toxicology
B)pathology
C)physical anthropology
D)odontology

Question 57

The National Crime Information Center (NCIC) collects and retrieves data about _________.

A)persons wanted for crimes anywhere in the United States
B)stolen and lost property
C)criminal history files
D)All of these choices.

Question 58

Trace evidence is analyzed by the ________ section of the crime lab.

Question 59

Thermal imaging is a form of ___________.

A)radio communication
B)oleoresin capsicum
C)infrared technology
D)computer database programming

Question 60

Those systems that provide information needed for supervisory, allocation, strategic, tactical, policy, and administrative decisions are ___________.

A)administrative information systems
B)integrative information systems
C)automated administrative systems
D)management information systems

Question 61

is that part of science applied to answering legal questions.

Question 62

The _________ is a handheld electronic stun gun that discharges a high-voltage, low-amperage, pulsating current via tiny wires and darts, which can be fired from up to 15 feet away.

Question 63

OC in pepper spray stands for ______.

Question 64

______ prints are fingerprint impressions left at a crime scene.

Question 65

Handwriting analysis is performed by the ______ section of the crime lab.

Question 66

In law enforcement, CAD stands for ________.

Question 67

Blood and semen evidence is analyzed by the ______ section of the crime lab.

Question 68

_______ is the science of identifying, collecting, preserving, documenting, examining, analyzing, and presenting evidence from computers, computer networks, and other electronic devices.

Question 69

_________ technology enables a print technician to enter unidentified latent prints into the computer.

Question 70

__________ prints are the result of the process of rolling each finger onto a ten-print card using fingerprinting ink.

Question 71

NCIC stands for __________.

Question 72

The majority of cases involve the fraudulent uses of credit card or bank information.

Question 73

Alcohol and drugs or controlled substances are analyzed by the __________ section of the crime lab.

Question 74

FATS stands for __________.

Question 75

The forerunner in the use of modern sophisticated automated crime analysis was the New York City Police Department's __________ program.

Question 76

Gun and bullet evidence is analyzed by the _____________ section of the crime lab.

Question 77

CAI stands for __________.

Question 78

__________are devices put into police vehicles that allow the electronic transmission of messages between the police dispatcher and the officers in the field.

Question 79

ViCAP stands for __________.

Question 80

_________ is one branch of forensic science that deals with the study of physical evidence related to crime.