Deck 10: Investigations

Question 1

Repeat offender programs (ROPs) are based on the fact that only a few criminals are responsible for most of the predatory street crime in the United States.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The idea that detective work is glamorous, exciting, and dangerous, as it is depicted in the movies and on television, is called the ___________.

A)detective mystique
B)detective role
C)detective model
D)detective initiative

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In recent years, there has been a decrease in the use of multiagency investigative task forces.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Which of the following is a solvability factor in the MCI program?

A)Is there a witness?
B)Is a suspect named or known?
C)Will the complainant cooperate?
D)All of these choices.

Question 5

In a Managing Criminal Investigations (MCI) program, patrol officers play very limited roles in the investigation of past crimes.

Question 6

In smaller departments, detectives tend to be generalists.

Question 7

Sting operations targeting lewd behavior have often been used around the country, particularly in parks and areas frequented by children.

Question 8

The Rand study was called ____________________.

A)The Criminal Investigation Process
B)Today's Criminal Investigators
C)Patrolling the Streets
D)Crime in America

Question 9

Detectives in a centralized squad are considered ____________________.

A)specialists
B)generalists
C)in field training
D)felony-only detectives

Question 10

____________________ are effective in cases in which the police receive a tip that a crime is going to occur in a commercial establishment or in which the police discover or come upon a pattern.

A)Stings
B)Stakeouts
C)Decoys
D)Inventories

Question 11

During the 1990s, the crime rates across the country __________.

A)went up in aggregate
B)went down at an unprecedented rate
C)remained constant
D)went up for some crimes and down for others

Question 12

Decoy operations are most effective for combating the crimes of robbery, purse snatching, and other larcenies from the person; burglaries; and thefts of and from automobiles.

Question 13

Jacobson v.United States is a landmark U.S.Supreme Court case related to entrapment.

Question 14

Cybercrime trends change regularly and quickly, which can make them difficult for law enforcement to keep up with.

Question 15

Dressing as and playing the role of a potential crime victim is known as ________.

A)a decoy operation
B)an envoy operation
C)a convoy operation
D)targeting

Question 16

Crime analysis goes hand-in-hand with community-oriented policing and problem-oriented policing.

Question 17

One of the ways detectives use to solve cold cases is DNA analysis.

Question 18

The WashACT serves as a model nationwide in conducting training in the area of human trafficking.

Question 19

The single most important determinant of whether or not a crime is solved is the quality of work performed by the detectives.

Question 20

Undercover investigations are rarely used by federal law enforcement agencies.

Question 21

A study by Florida State University released in 2006 found that offenders tracked by GPS were ____________________ percent less likely to abscond or reoffend than those not monitored.

A)26
B)49
C)70
D)90

Question 22

The use of analytical methods to obtain pertinent information on crime patterns and trends that can then be disseminated to officers on the street is called ____________________.

A)criminal profiling
B)CompStat
C)crime mapping
D)crime analysis

Question 23

Nationally, police are only able to clear ____________________ percent of all property crimes reported to them.

A)19
B)46
C)65
D)87

Question 24

Prior to the Rand study, it was common for police departments to have policies and procedures in place that emphasized __________.

A)proactive investigations by detectives of future crime
B)follow-up investigations by patrol officers of past crimes
C)retroactive investigations by detectives of past crimes
D)cold-case investigations

Question 25

The National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals recommended that detectives should be assigned only to preliminary investigations of ____________.

A)misdemeanors
B)crimes of violence
C)very serious or complex preliminary investigations
D)All of these choices.

Question 26

The case of Carlie Brucia was solved in part due to ___________.

A)testimonial evidence of her sister
B)the use of surveillance cameras
C)the use of DNA analysis
D)the implementation of a GPS tracking system

Question 27

An investigative unit that reexamines old cases that have remained unsolved is called a _____________.

A)special acquired-technique squad (SATS)
B)hot-case squad
C)cold-case squad
D)geriatric unit

Question 28

When Mark Willman and John Snortum duplicated the Rand and PERF findings in a study of detective work in 1984, they found that in cases reported to a suburban police department, most cases that were solved when ______.

A)the victim identified the perpetrator in a photo line-up
B)the perpetrator was identified as a "person of interest"
C)the perpetrator confessed
D)the perpetrator was identified at the scene of the crime

Question 29

The National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals recommended that ____________________ should be directed to conduct thorough preliminary investigations.

A)detectives
B)supervisors
C)nonsworn personnel
D)patrol officers

Question 30

The vast majority of all arrests are made _________.

A)at the scene of the crime
B)within 48 hours
C)within 2 weeks
D)within 1 month

Question 31

Decoy operations are most effective in detecting and arresting all of the following except ____________.

A)robbers
B)purse snatchers
C)persons committing larcenies from autos
D)murderers

Question 32

Plainclothes officers' efforts to blend into an area and attempt to catch a criminal are called ______.

A)coercing
B)blending
C)shadowing
D)marking

Question 33

The single most important determinant of whether or not a case will be solved is the information the victim supplies to the ____________________.

A)detective
B)immediately responding patrol officer
C)dispatcher
D)supervisor

Question 34

Programs concentrating investigative resources on career criminals are called ____________.

A)targeting programs
B)proactive programs
C)repeat offender programs
D)anti-career criminal programs

Question 35

Marvin Wolfgang discovered that most predatory street crime in the United States is committed by __________.

A)only a few criminals
B)convicted felons
C)sex offenders
D)individuals under the influence of drugs

Question 36

One of the primary purposes of police patrol is to prevent crime by creating a sense of ___________.

A)security
B)omniscience
C)omnipresence
D)community awareness

Question 37

Nationally, police are able to clear only____________________ percent of all violent crimes reported to them.

A)16.5
B)46.0
C)65.8
D)87.1

Question 38

The investigative process begins with ___________.

A)a call to 911
B)assignment by the sergeant
C)a citizen complaint
D)the patrol officer

Question 39

Detectives in a decentralized squad are considered ____________________.

A)specialists
B)generalists
C)in field training
D)felony-only detectives

Question 40

The MCI program involves all of the following except ______________.

A)case screening
B)solvability factors
C)case enhancement
D)enhanced patrol techniques

Question 41

__________ are responsible for the vast majority of all arrests.

Question 42

A legal defense that holds that police originated the criminal idea or initiated the criminal action is called ___________.

A)civil code
B)entrapment
C)police solicitation
D)entanglement

Question 43

Law enforcement is posting surveillance video on ___________ to assist their investigations in identifying suspects.

Question 44

A(n) __________ is the hidden surveillance of a location or person; for example, a group of heavily armed officers might hide in an area of a store or building to wait for an impending holdup.

Question 45

ROPs concentrate on __________

Question 46

The __________is an operation in which an undercover police officer purchases drugs from a subject, and then leaves the scene and contacts the backup team, which responds and arrests the seller.

Question 47

Inducing an individual to commit a crime he or she did not contemplate for the sole purpose of instituting an arrest and criminal prosecution against the offender is called __________.

Question 48

The advances of __________technology have led to the increase in the use of cold-case squads to solve crimes.

Question 49

__________ operations are undercover police operations in which police officers pose as criminals to arrest law violators; for example, sting operations might be used to apprehend thieves and recover stolen property.

Question 50

A covert investigation in which an investigator assumes a different identity to obtain information or achieve another investigatory purpose is called a(n) ____________________ investigation.

Question 51

The Rand report said that half of all detectives could be replaced without negatively influencing ____________.

A)recidivism reduction
B)crime clearance rates
C)offender rehabilitation
D)undercover programs

Question 52

The two basic types of decoy operations are __________ and __________.

Question 53

Police and business owners are now posting videos on the __________ website to allow the public to see suspected criminals.

Question 54

The MCI program is designed to put most of an investigator's time and effort into __________.

A)all misdemeanors that have a chance to be solved
B)only very important cases and cases that actually can be solved
C)only cases in which the complainant agrees to cooperate
D)None of these choices.

Question 55

Which of the following state is considered the "epicenter" of the prescription fraud drug trade?

A)Florida
B)Colorado
C)California
D)New York

Question 56

In a case enhancement program, detectives ___________.

A)debrief suspects to obtain further information
B)assist arresting officers in preparing a case for court
C)engage in liaison with the district attorney
D)All of these choices.

Question 57

Entrapment is a(n) ____________________ defense.

A)perfect
B)good faith
C)equitable
D)affirmative

Question 58

In __________ operations, officers dress as, and play the role of, potential victims-drunks, nurses, business people, tourists, prostitutes, blind people, isolated subway riders, and the like.

Question 59

In __________ operations, officers dressed in civilian clothes try to intermingle into an area and patrol it on foot or in unmarked police cars in an attempt to catch a criminal in the act of committing a crime.

Question 60

What system has greatly improved the surveillance of sex offenders?

A)Johansen system
B)Adult monitoring system (AMS)
C)Probation positioning enhancement system (PPES)
D)Global positioning system (GPS)

Question 61

Discuss how the increased use of smartphones and social media has changed police investigations.

Question 62

Discuss the tasks to be completed in a preliminary investigation, including who is responsible for those tasks.

Question 63

The Rand study of the investigative process resulted in a proposal regarding a more effective way to investigate past crimes.The program outlined in this proposal is called __________.

Question 64

Discuss the concept of modus operandi and how the process of identifying it has evolved.

Question 65

Detail the pros and cons of sting operations.

Question 66

Why are mentoring programs important to police departments?

Question 67

What is entrapment and how does it affect undercover operations?

Question 68

Describe the three general methods used to conduct drug undercover investigations.

Question 69

What criteria do investigators use to identify high-rate dangerous offenders?

Question 70

Explain the differences and similarities between the detective's role in decentralized and centralized departments.

Question 71

What are solvability factors and how has using them changed investigations?

Question 72

Discuss the Rand and PERF studies and what they found about the effectiveness of detectives in solving crimes.