Deck 11: Prisoner Reentry: Collateral Consequences, Parole, and Mandatory Release

Question 1

In Jago v. Van Curen, the court ruled that prisoners were property of the state and had no rights.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Drug crimes typically require full board review for parole decisions.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development cannot prohibit the public housing occupancy of an individual who uses drugs or infringes of the health, safety, or right to peaceful enjoyment of such premises.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The U.S. Parole Commission has established parole guidelines that structure discretion and were the model for many of the states' guidelines.

Question 5

Most occupations that require licenses require that the licensee possess good moral character, making these licenses difficult for convicted felons to obtain.

Question 6

In Glover v. Michigan Parole Board, the Supreme Court ruled that parole boards must supply a written record of why parole is denied.

Question 7

The maximum eligibility date is the longest amount of time that can be served before the inmate must, by law, be released.

Question 8

Successful reentry of parolees is concerned with surveillance only and is not concerned with the availability of programs and services in the community.

Question 9

Once an offender is released on parole by a parole board, a parole officer or agent sets the conditions of parole and supervises the releasee.

Question 10

Most parole boards are composed of part-time, community citizen volunteers who are appointed by the local mayor or city council.

Question 11

The prerelease plan is a master plan between the states on how to reduce recidivism by those released on good-time credits.

Question 12

Former President Obama established a Federal Interagency Reentry Council to assist with the reentry of prisoners in to the community.

Question 13

The amount of time served on the current sentence is one of the top four factors used by releasing authorities to make their decisions.

Question 14

Felons are not allowed to vote in almost every state.

Question 15

Prerelease facilities are nonresidential programs for inmates who have displayed good institutional conduct.

Question 16

Victim impact statements mention the harm done to the victim and the victim's family and are important factors in denial of parole.

Question 17

Parole is a guaranteed right.

Question 18

The parole board determines any special conditions of parole supervision.

Question 19

Crimes of a violent or sexual nature usually require full board review.

Question 20

Prisoner reentry is any activity or program dedicated to preparing parolees to live in the community and integrating parolees into the community as law-abiding citizens using a collaborative approach with parole officers, treatment providers, and the community.

Question 21

Offenders who have been convicted of a _____ crime while receiving federal financial aid for college are ineligible to receive future financial aid.

A) sex
B) violent
C) drug
D) public order

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a basic function of a parole board?

A) To decide which offenders should be released
B) To determine the conditions of parole
C) To supervise offenders in the community
D) To determine whether parole privileges should be revoked

Question 23

If parole is not granted at the initial parole hearing, then

A) the offender must serve five years before another hearing.
B) no other hearings will be conducted.
C) parole will be granted at the next hearing.
D) the offender may have subsequent hearings before actual release.

Question 24

A(n) _____ is a certificate signed by a principal and a third party promising to pay in the event the assured suffered damages because an employee fails to perform as agreed.

A) civil forfeiture
B) surety bond
C) interstate compact
D) amercement

Question 25

Any activity or program dedicated to preparing and integrating parolees into the community as law-abiding citizens is referred to as

A) surveillance.
B) reentry.
C) supervision.
D) rehabilitation.

Question 26

A(n) _____________ includes a summary of institutional conduct and program participation, as well as plans for housing and employment upon release.

A) presentence investigation report
B) interstate compact request
C) prerelease plan
D) post-sentence investigation report

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT one of the three main ways that parole hearings are conducted in the United States?

A) In person
B) By video teleconference
C) By phone
D) By the parole board viewing a hard copy of the person's file only

Question 28

_____ is a sentence reduction of a specified number of days each month for good conduct while incarcerated.

A) Jail time
B) Good time
C) Merit time
D) Reward time

Question 29

An administrative body empowered to decide whether inmates shall be conditionally released from prison before the completion of their sentences is a(n)

A) reentry court.
B) interstate compact board.
C) parole board.
D) criminal court.

Question 30

What percentage of the offenders released from prison each year will remain under some form of community supervision upon release?

A) 100%
B) 80%
C) 40%
D) 20%

Question 31

_____ are civil and/or political rights that are lost temporarily in some cases, or permanently in others, following a felony conviction.

A) Civil infractions
B) Collateral contacts
C) Collateral consequences
D) Due process rights

Question 32

Federal law provides mandatory release when an offender has served __________ of a term five years or longer, unless the offender has serious disciplinary infractions in prison or there is a high probability of recidivism.

A) one-fourth
B) half
C) two-third
D) three-fourth

Question 33

In most states, the parole board members are appointed by the

A) sentencing judge.
B) state supreme court.
C) governor or director of corrections.
D) state house of representatives.

Question 34

The __________ is the longest amount of time that can be served before an inmate must, by law, be released.

A) minimum eligibility date
B) maximum eligibility date
C) termination date
D) arrival date

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of release that an inmate can experience?

A) Release under rehabilitative parole
B) Release under a short period of mandatory supervision
C) Release with no supervision
D) Release under discretionary parole

Question 36

Many occupations required a license to practice or legitimately work; these licenses require ______, which makes it difficult for convicted felons to obtain them.

A) a college education
B) vocational training
C) good moral character
D) a high school education

Question 37

The shortest amount of time defined by statute, minus good-time credits, that must be served before the offender can go before the parole board is the

A) minimum eligibility date.
B) maximum eligibility date.
C) termination date.
D) arrival date.

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT one of the three possible options that a parole board has been rendering their decision regarding an offender?

A) Deny parole
B) Seek advice from sentencing judge
C) Defer to a later date
D) Grant parole

Question 39

On average, how many members typically serve on the parole board throughout the United States?

A) 15
B) 12
C) 7
D) 3

Question 40

The chair of the parole board is typically

A) a part-time community volunteer
B) a full-time salaried correctional employee
C) a full-time salaried noncorrectional employee
D) a full-time community volunteer

Question 41

In Tucker v. Alabama Board of Pardons and Paroles, the court ruled that

A) parolees always have the right to counsel.
B) parolees do not have the right to counsel during a parole hearing.
C) a parole board may not deny parole for false, insufficient, or capricious reasons.
D) the state has to provide counsel to indigent parolees facing revocation.

Question 42

The process of integrating parolees into the community as law-abiding citizens using a collaborative approach with the parole officer, treatment providers, and the community is __________.

Question 43

_________________ was originally introduced as an incentive by prison authorities for institutional good conduct.

Question 44

The ___________ is the longest amount of time that the offender must serve before the inmate must be released by law.

Question 45

Which of the following crimes are likely to require review by the full parole board?

A) Sexual crimes
B) Property crimes
C) Drug crimes
D) White-collar crimes

Question 46

Those permanently ineligible for parole release include offenders on death row, offenders serving life without parole, and some ________ offenders sentenced under statutes such as "three strikes."

Question 47

In Menechino v. Oswald, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that

A) the procedure of affording an opportunity for the offender to be heard and then telling him how he falls short of qualifying for parole is sufficient due process.
B) parolees do not have the right to due process in parole decisions.
C) counsel may talk for the prisoner during the hearing.
D) the state has to provide counsel to indigent parolees facing revocation.

Question 48

Admitting guilt can be used in some jurisdictions to deny release, according to _______.

A) Franciosi v. Michigan Parole Board
B) Silmon v. Travis
C) Tucker v. Alabama Board of Pardons and Paroles
D) Menechino v. Oswald

Question 49

Since the 1970s, there has been a movement away from the overuse of parole board discretion authority, instead, replacing the discretionary power with the use of _____________.

A) mandatory minimum sentences
B) required treatment programs
C) statutory guidelines
D) split sentences

Question 50

The ___________ is the shortest amount of time defined by statute, minus good-time earned, that the offender must serve before going before the parole board.

Question 51

Unlike sentencing, parole board decisions are not necessarily subject to judicial review, as a result of _________.

A) Franciosi v. Michigan Parole Board
B) Ramahlo v. Travis
C) Tucker v. Alabama Board of Pardons and Paroles
D) Menechino v. Oswald

Question 52

_________% of incarcerated prisoners serve their entire sentence behind bars.

Question 53

Although the parole board determines release and/or sets parole conditions, the day-to-day supervision of parole is left to __________ officers.

A) field parole
B) court-appointment bailiffs
C) post-release treatment
D) institutional classification

Question 54

__________ are collaborative, team-based programs that occur after prison with the aim of improving the link between parole supervision and treatment providers.

Question 55

The top four factors that releasing authorities say make an impact on their decisions to grant parole are crime severity, parole risk score, institutional record, and ____________.

A) time served
B) illness
C) age
D) criminal history

Question 56

In most states, the __________ or director of corrections appoints parole board members.

Question 57

_____ are civil and/or political rights that are lost temporarily in some cases, or permanently in others, following a felony conviction.

Question 58

Collaborative, team-based programs that aim to improve the link between parole supervision and treatment providers to help recent parolees become stabilized are

A) reentry courts.
B) drug courts.
C) reintegration courts.
D) day reporting centers.

Question 59

A parole release _______ is when the parole board delays its final decision to grant or deny parole to a later time.

A) deferral
B) denial
C) revocation
D) review

Question 60

A case-management summary of offender institutional conduct and program participation, as well as plans for housing and employment upon release, is a(n) _____.

Question 61

You are a state legislator who had a brother who was incarcerated for many years. After his release, his reentry was tinged with depression and failure; he eventually died of a drug overdose. You are concerned about the ways in which the current reentry process has not changed since his death. What laws or procedures do you feel can be changed in order to make reentry more successful, both for offenders and for the communities they return to?

Question 62

A(n) __________ mentions how the crime has taken a toll physically, emotionally, financially, and/or psychologically on the victim and the victim's family.

Question 63

You are a member of a parole board who is in an area with increased racial tensions. You are voting whether to institute an anonymous review process so that institutionalized racism will not be a factor. There are concerns that race will still be "legible" in the files, and that it will be easier to justify racist decisions by claiming ignorance due to the anonymity of the process. Elaborate on how the decisions of parole boards are currently made and whether you think this will be an effective solution.

Question 64

You are a new member of a parole board, where the trend has been to take the feelings of the victims into account. You are asked point-blank by the other members of the board your opinions about this issue: Are the feelings of victims given too much weight in a parole hearing? You need the respect of your colleagues, so you must justify your answer with statistics and facts.

Question 65

Since the 1970s, there has been a move toward the use of __________ guidelines in the release decisions of parole boards.

Question 66

You are a candidate for judge in a district that is elected. You would be serving an urban community that is concerned with the rights of parolees and a suburban community who is worried about their safety. You have to make a speech on the issue. The speech will be televised on your local community access channel. In your speech, you must evaluate whether the rights that are denied parolees are ethical, moral, or justifiable.

Question 67

Define release plans. What purpose do they serve for those inmates who will be returning to society from prison and how are they implemented?

Question 68

Violent crimes or crimes of a sexual nature may require __________ board review by the parole board.

Question 69

What are the most significant problems faced by prisoners upon reentry?

Question 70

What is a parole board? What are its primary functions and responsibilities?

Question 71

Parole board hearings are tape-recorded and conducted in one of three ways: in person, via video teleconference, and by _________ only.

Question 72

In the Greenholtz v. NPCC case, the Supreme Court established that some __________ protections were available in the parole-granting process.

Question 73

You are a member of a parole board, who needs to evaluate the discretionary parole process that is currently in effect. Discuss the current risk-evaluation process, and whether you think that the current risk-evaluation process of offenders eligible for parole is effective.

Question 74

What is a victim impact statement? Are these statements included in the parole release decision process? If so, how? Please explain. Are victims able to participate in parole hearings? If so, how? Please explain.

Question 75

Discuss Supreme Court cases that have had an impact on the rights of parolees.