Deck 14: Privacy and Ethical Considerations in Information Management

Question 1

"Who owns information?" and "What are the just and fair prices for its exchange?" are part of which ethical issue?

A) Privacy
B) Accuracy
C) Ownership
D) Property
E) Accessibility

Answer 1

D

Question 2

All of the following are examples of green computing EXCEPT:

A) Virtualization
B) Cloud computing
C) Tidal powered servers
D) Server workloads moved to off-peak hours
E) Cookies

Answer 2

E

Question 3

In 2014, Cambridge Analytica scraped preferences, locations, and friends of 50 million Facebook users, meaning it:

A) Redirected users to its Web site.
B) Targeted advertisements.
C) Collected user passwords.
D) Captured from screen displays.
E) Sold personal data to third parties.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which type of "cookies" enables a user to stay logged to a site and keeps your shopping cart intact as you click from page to page?

A) Essential
B) Non-essential
C) Location
D) Widget
E) None of the above.

Question 5

A manager who primarily focuses on the shareholders of the corporation rather than all of the vested parties in the businesses operations and activities is practicing which theory of normative business ethics?

A) Stakeholder theory
B) Investor theory
C) Stockholder theory
D) Shareholder theory
E) Social contract theory

Question 6

The question "What information does a person or an organization have a right or a privilege to obtain?" is part of this ethical issue.

A) Privacy
B) Accuracy
C) Accessibility
D) Perfection
E) Property

Question 7

The chapter contends that Internet companies are in business for the money and hence they really would prefer to keep their customers in the dark about how their personal data is being used to generate profits. Assuming this statement is true, with which ethical theory would you say these Internet companies are most aligned?

A) Stockholder theory
B) Stakeholder theory
C) Property theory
D) Fiduciary theory
E) Normative theory

Question 8

Which act of 1996 is designed to safeguard the electronic exchange of patient records in the health care industry?

A) SoX
B) HIPAA
C) IETF
D) COBIT
E) PAPA

Question 9

Information privacy guidelines should come from what level in a company?

A) CEO and top-level executives
B) Middle management
C) Employees
D) Federal regulations
E) State laws

Question 10

Questions like "Who is responsible for the reliability of information?" and "Who will be accountable for errors in the information?" are part of which ethical issue?

A) Privacy
B) Accuracy
C) Authenticity
D) Perfection
E) Purpose

Question 11

TJX's handling of its serious data breach is consistent with which one of the following?

A) Stakeholder theory
B) Stockholder theory
C) Social normative
D) Social contract theory
E) Corporate social responsibility

Question 12

Which normative theory of business ethics would TJX have displayed if it had informed customers as soon as the breach was corrected and told other retailers how to prevent future security breaches?

A) Stakeholder
B) Stockholder
C) Social contract
D) Investor
E) Corporate social responsibility

Question 13

Which of the following is a text message that is stored on a user's computer by a Web server that helps trace the user's browsing habits?

A) Script
B) Cookie
C) Id theft
D) Firewall
E) Data file

Question 14

Which theory of normative business ethics seeks to create value for people in a manner that is just and nondiscriminatory?

A) Stakeholder theory
B) Investor theory
C) Social contract theory
D) Shareholder theory
E) Stockholder theory

Question 15

Green computing is often associated with supporting the triple bottom line, known as:

A) Economic, environmental, and social
B) Stockholder, stakeholder, and society
C) People, Privacy, and Property
D) Google, Facebook, and Microsoft
E) Data, information, and knowledge

Question 16

Today's managers must ensure that information about their employees and customers is only available to those who have a right to see it and use it, an issue referred to as:

A) Screening
B) Accuracy
C) Accessibility
D) Perfection
E) Property

Question 17

What term is used to describe ethical dilemmas that arise with the development and application of IT?

A) Stockholder theory
B) PAPA principles
C) Information ethics
D) Normative theories
E) IT dilemmas

Question 18

In today's digital word, individuals can control their privacy through choice, ______ , and correction.

A) Protection
B) Consent
C) Property
D) Communication
E) Consideration

Question 19

In 2018, the European Union enacted what legislation to set standards for the collection, storage, and processing of personal information?

A) General Data Protection Regulation
B) Safe Harbor Regulation
C) PAPA framework
D) Property Harbor framework
E) Fair Credit Reporting

Question 20

Google Flu Trends aggregates personal search data in order to estimate world-wide flu activity. Google's site has drawn criticism due to the sharing of users' online behavior without getting their consent. This, in essence, violates the user's right to:

A) Privacy
B) Property
C) Accuracy
D) Accessibility
E) Identity

Question 21

The social contract theory is made up of two distinct components: social welfare and _________.

Question 22

In today's digital word, individuals can control their privacy through ______, consent, and correction.

Question 23

Unlike the European Union, the U.S. has no general legislature ensuring Internet privacy rights. Instead, the U.S. encourages self-regulation and has introduced industry-specific regulations as needed.

Question 24

Target found out a teenager was pregnant by (1) ________ and revealed that fact to her dad by (2) _______

A) (1) Overhearing the teen in the store; (2) Calling her dad
B) (1) Her purchases of diapers; (2) sending an official letter to the dad
C) (1) Her purchases of unscented soap, cotton balls, and vitamins; (2) mailing her some ads for diapers and maternity clothes
D) (1) Her sudden elation when visiting the children's department; (2) sending a video of her tears of happiness in that department
E) None of the above

Question 25

In an exercise at a 2017 hacker conference, attendees were able to breach voting machines in under 2 hours.

Question 26

The four areas, as outlined in the text, that deal with control of information are____________ ,____________ , ____________, and .

Question 27

Research shows that despite concerns about privacy, most users don't actually alter their online behavior.

Question 28

Those who possess the "best" information and know how to use it, win.

Question 29

Green computing benefits _____ which is sometimes referred to as "People, Planet, Profit".

Question 30

In 2017, Target was breached and the private information of 147.7 people in the United States was taken.

Question 31

The Stakeholder theory requires managers to pursue projects in ways that are compatible with the well-being of society.

Question 32

____________is an example of U.S. legislature designed to ensure the privacy and protection of information for a specific industry.

Question 33

Over time it becomes easier to maintain the accuracy of information.

Question 34

Using the____________ theory, some content that if that third party mines the data and derives valuable insights, the fruits of that data mining legitimately belong to the third party.

Question 35

An Internet web site that wishes to abide by fair privacy practices will do all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Allow the consumer the choice to participate in the site or not
B) Post policies about how personal information gathered from consumers will be used
C) Afford the consumer the opportunity to view and contest the accuracy of the data collected
D) Secure collected consumer information
E) All of the above

Question 36

Explain how green computing can satisfy each of the three normative theories of business ethics.

Question 37

Green computing is a passing phase and will likely be less strategic to companies in the very near future.

Question 38

____________term is used to define energy-efficient computing resources.

Question 39

____________is a growing service designed to help individuals and companies clean up their online presence so that a search for their name produces favorable results.

Question 40

"Digital natives" are uncomfortable building relationships on the Internet because they understand the consequences of sharing information publicly.

Question 41

Provide an example of a company that has faced a dilemma reconciling their corporate policies within a country where it hopes to operate.

Question 42

Match the situation below with the area of information control it falls under.
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | } \hline \text { Privacy } & \begin{array} { l } \text { A Web site seeks detailed infornation about } \\\text { your farnily, you do not feel that this } \\\text { information is in aryy way relevart to your } \\\text { usage of the Web site's services. }\end{array} \\\hline \text { Accuracy } & \begin{array} { l } \text { You have been the victim of a barking emor. } \\\text { The error was corrected. Regardless, it appears } \\\text { on your credit report and your credit rating is } \\\text { terrible, impacting your ability to get a loarn }\end{array} \\\hline \text { Property } & \begin{array} { l } \text { You believe that by contributing online to one } \\\text { non-profit your personal infornation has been } \\\text { shared with several other non-profit } \\\text { orgarnizations that you are not farniliar with. }\end{array} \\\hline \text { Accessibility } & \begin{array} { l } \text { A friend indicates that his log in allows hirn to } \\\text { seenot just his prades but also all student } \\\text { grades. }\end{array} \\\hline\end{array}$$

Question 43

Match each normative theory of business ethics to its primary objective.
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | } \hline \text { Stakeholder } & \begin{array} { l } \text { Balarice the rights and interests of all those who } \\\text { hold a claim on the firm }\end{array} \\\hline \text { Stockholder } & \begin{array} { l } \text { Legally increase profits and maximize } \\\text { shareholder value }\end{array} \\\hline \text { Social contract } & \text { Create value for society } \\\hline\end{array}$$

Question 44

Bradley Manning, a U.S. intelligence officer, took over 500,000 documents from the U.S. State Department and gave them to a public Web site called Wikileaks for publication. These documents were far ranging in their content. Match the actions below with the failure to control and the misuse of sensitive information.
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | } \hline \text { Property } & \begin{array} { l } \text { Even though the dociments were made available on the } \\\text { site Wikileaks, the U.S. State Department still holds that } \\\text { the docunents are classified and under their regulation. }\end{array} \\\hline \text { Accessibility } & \begin{array} { l } \text { Marning was allowed to log into a database of classified } \\\text { infomation No one monitored his retrieval of } \\\text { infamation that was outside the scope of his duties. }\end{array} \\\hline \text { Privacy } & \begin{array} { l } \text { The U.S. State Department acknowledges that personal } \\\text { comments and assessments of foreign leaders revealed } \\\text { in some documents were strictly for the pupose of U.S. } \\\text { diplomacy. }\end{array} \\\hline\end{array}$$

Question 45

Match the U.S. legislative/regulatory act with the industry for which it governs the control of information.
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | } \hline \text { Sarbarnes-Oxley Act } & \text { Publicly held cornpanies } \\\hline \text { HIPAA } & \begin{array} { l } \text { Health insurance companies } \\\text { and health care providers }\end{array} \\\hline \text { Grarnrn-Leach-Bliley Act } & \text { Financial institutions } \\\hline \text { 1974 Privacy Act } & \text { Government agencies } \\\hline \text { Fair Credit Reporting Act } & \text { Consuner reporting agencies } \\\hline\end{array}$$

Question 46

Give reasons why users are so willing to forgo privacy on the Internet.

Question 47

Match the critical question with the information control issue it addresses.
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | } \hline \text { Privacy } & \begin{array} { l } \text { Can the infonnation be used for puposes other } \\\text { than those for which it was initially captured? }\end{array} \\\hline \text { Privacy } & \begin{array} { l } \text { Can the infonnation provided be used to } \\\text { identify personal preferences or history even if } \\\text { the provider doesn't want it known? }\end{array} \\\hline \text { Accuracy } & \begin{array} { l } \text { Who is accountable for errors in the } \\\text { infornation? }\end{array} \\\hline \text { Property } & \text { Who owns the infornation? } \\\hline \text { Accessibility } & \begin{array} { l } \text { What infornation does an orgarization have the } \\\text { right to obtain? }\end{array} \\\hline \text { Accessibility } & \begin{array} { l } \text { Does the person retrieving the infornation } \\\text { "need to know" the infornation that is being } \\\text { retrieved? }\end{array} \\\hline\end{array}$$

Question 48

Match the managerial control concern with the challenges a manager may face on a regular basis.
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | } \hline \text { Privacy } & \begin{array} { l } \text { Surveillance of employees to ensure productivity } \\\text { and utilization }\end{array} \\\hline \text { Property } & \begin{array} { l } \text { Agpregating customer data and providing it to a } \\\text { marketing firm for a fee }\end{array} \\\hline \text { Accessibility } & \begin{array} { l } \text { Giving employees improper riphts to view other } \\\text { employee's personal data }\end{array} \\\hline \text { Accuracy } & \text { Holding on to outdated customer records } \\\hline\end{array}$$

Question 49

How does the European Union approach data protection differently than the United States?