Deck 13: Therapies for Psychological Disorders

Question 1

The psychoanalytic patient who lets her thoughts flow without interruption from her therapist is using

A) dream interpretation.
B) positive transference.
C) regression.
D) free association.
E) word association.

Answer 1

free association.

Question 2

A professional following the ________ approach to treatment would refer to a person seeking help as a "patient."

A) humanistic
B) psychoanalytic
C) behavioral
D) cognitive
E) medical

Answer 2

medical

Question 3

Before deciding on the particular form of treatment for an individual, a therapist needs to

A) find out what medications the individual is taking to check for drug interactions.
B) meet with close family members to apprise them of the situation.
C) identify the problem and its causes.
D) make a prognosis in consultation with a psychiatrist.
E) explore the patient's repressed issues from childhood.

Answer 3

find out what medications the individual is taking to check for drug interactions.

Question 4

The process of ________ might refer to a situation in which a male patient's feelings for his female therapist stem from his relationship with his mother.

A) catharsis
B) transference
C) free association
D) insight therapy
E) systematic desensitization

Question 5

Steve is 21 years old and has never gone on a date. His parents are concerned and take him to see a therapist. The therapist tells Steve to lie down on the couch and relax. The therapist sits behind Steve and asks him to say whatever comes into his head. Steve eventually talks about his fear of women, which leads him to think about his early experiences with women: his mother, her friends, his teachers, and so on. Steve is using

A) counterconditioning.
B) pole-shifting.
C) free association.
D) the empty chair technique.
E) participant modeling.

Question 6

Shedrika uses a form of therapy that emphasizes revealing his clients' unconscious conflicts, urges, and desires, which he believes are the cause of his clients' disordered emotions and behavior. This therapist is most likely using

A) behavior therapy.
B) psychoanalysis.
C) Gestalt therapy.
D) systematic desensitization.
E) aversion therapy.

Question 7

All but ________ are a necessary part of the therapeutic process.

A) accurate identification of the problem
B) determining the problem's cause
C) identifying conditions that maintain the problem
D) forming a therapeutic alliance
E) uncovering unconscious memories

Question 8

A therapist is interested in helping her client get a clearer understanding of his motives, thoughts, and feelings. This therapist is most likely to be a(n) ________ therapist.

A) behavior
B) insight
C) biomedical
D) relationship
E) psychoeducational

Question 9

Neo-Freudian analysts differ from classic psychoanalysts in that they emphasize

A) learned relationships between behaviors and consequences.
B) he relationship between physical and mental health.
C) interpersonal relationships and the significance of the self.
D) unconscious motivation and conflict.
E) the influence of early childhood experiences.

Question 10

The content of the unconscious mind is the focus of ________ therapy.

A) Rogerian
B) insight
C) psychoanalytic
D) behavioral
E) reciprocal inhibition

Question 11

According to psychoanalysis, the process of ________ blocks problems from reaching consciousness.

A) insight
B) transference
C) nondirection
D) unconditional positive regard
E) repression

Question 12

The most important aspect of successful psychotherapy is the ________ between client and therapist.

A) therapeutic alliance
B) transference
C) mindfulness
D) authenticity
E) unconditional positive regard

Question 13

________ therapy focuses on helping people with their existential crises.

A) Cognitive
B) Humanistic
C) Behavioral
D) Psychodynamic
E) Dyadic

Question 14

William is interested in helping his client change his disordered behavior and is less focused on understanding the problem itself. He is most likely to be a(n) ________ therapist.

A) behavior
B) insight
C) biomedical
D) relationship
E) humanistic

Question 15

The technique of free association was intended to

A) project the concerns of the therapist into the patient's thoughts.
B) allow the therapist to gather clues about the client's unconscious needs or conflicts.
C) suppress memory.
D) interpret the symbolic meaning of dreams.
E) allow the client to sublimate his or her impulses.

Question 16

________ therapies emphasize the revelation and interpretation of the contents of the unconscious mind.

A) Systematic
B) Psychological
C) Situational
D) Psychic
E) Psychoanalytic

Question 17

An important emphasis of humanistic therapy is on

A) hedonistic impulses.
B) destructive tendencies.
C) faulty thinking.
D) problematic behaviors.
E) the whole person being involved in a process of change.

Question 18

A key common element among different forms of therapy such as psychoanalysis, behavioral therapy, and drug therapy is a relationship that focuses on

A) improving mental, behavioral, or social functioning.
B) reinforcing existing behavioral patterns.
C) removing the patient from existing social networks.
D) discovering the unconscious reasons behind behaviors.
E) There is no common element.

Question 19

As Celine begins to reveal more and more of her innermost thoughts and feelings to her therapist, she begins to feel good about him as well as accepted by him. She develops a sense of trust, particularly because he does not criticize her. What process is occurring?

A) unconditional positive regard
B) insight
C) catharsis
D) transference
E) free association

Question 20

Which approach views mental disorder as the tension created in the unconscious mind by forbidden impulses and threatening memories?

A) cognitive
B) humanistic
C) behavioral
D) psychoanalytic
E) biomedical

Question 21

Lydia is a divorced mother who attends meetings with peers who share the same problems and stressful situations. There is no professional facilitating these meetings. What type of sessions is Lydia attending?

A) individual therapy
B) family therapy
C) self-help support group
D) assertiveness training
E) positive psychotherapy

Question 22

What do behavior therapists see as the cause of abnormal or undesirable behaviors?

A) learning
B) unconscious conflicts
C) distortions in thinking
D) barriers to self-actualization

Question 23

Julie has a fear of riding in elevators. She is seeing a therapist who asks her to construct a hierarchy of her fears related to riding in elevators. In addition, her therapist is teaching her to relax while imagining each fear in the hierarchy. Julie's therapist is using

A) client-centered therapy.
B) rational-emotive therapy.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) cognitive consistency therapy.
E) in-vivo therapy.

Question 24

The ________ approach to therapy would be appropriate for a person who persistently believes that he or she is a fool, is stupid, and is just plain no good.

A) cognitive
B) behavioral
C) sociocultural
D) psychosurgery
E) contingency

Question 25

John and his wife are having trouble communicating and getting along with one another. Which type of therapy is most likely to help them with their problems?

A) couples therapy
B) individual therapy
C) self-help group
D) systematic desensitization
E) humanistic therapy

Question 26

The cause of depression according to Aaron Beck is that depressed patients

A) suffer from an imbalance of serotonin in their brains.
B) are reinforced for their depressed behaviors.
C) have low self-efficacy.
D) use self-deprecating statements.
E) have had many childhood traumas.

Question 27

Every time Jarrad opens his cigarette case or uses his lighter, he gets a painful electric shock. Jarrad's friends and family have been asked not to give him any cigarettes or light any cigarettes for him, so he must use his own lighter if he wants to smoke. Eventually, Jarrad loses his desire to smoke, thanks to

A) negative transference.
B) behavioral contracting.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) aversion therapy.
E) cathartic transferring.

Question 28

The focus of cognitive therapies is on

A) our unconscious processes.
B) what we think and how we think.
C) observing the behaviors of others.
D) using medications to solve emotional problems.
E) self-actualization.

Question 29

Which of these clients is the most likely candidate for Aaron Beck's form of cognitive therapy?

A) Albert, who suffers from mania
B) Barbara, who suffers from depressio
C) Robert, who suffers from schizophrenia
D) Virginia, who has been diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder
E) Sybil, who suffers from somatic symptom disorder

Question 30

Stevenson, a therapist, states "I promote rational thinking to alleviate distressing feelings and behaviors." Dr. Stevenson is probably a ________ therapist.

A) client-centered
B) psychodynamic
C) behavior
D) cognitive
E) humanistic

Question 31

The basic goal of systematic desensitization is to

A) relax body muscles.
B) address the causes of one's fears.
C) relax individuals in the presence of a feared object or situation.
D) understand what an individual is thinking when faced with a feared object or situation.
E) expose a person to the trigger of his or her fear in a rapid and unavoidable fashion.

Question 32

________ therapy helps people realize they have personal freedom and helps people to boost their self-esteem.

A) Cognitive
B) Behavioral
C) Humanistic
D) Psychodynamic
E) Rational-emotive behavior

Question 33

A ________ therapist wants to challenge the patient's unrealistic, unjustified assumptions and to discuss alternative solutions.

A) psychodynamic
B) cognitive
C) humanistic
D) psychoanalytic
E) systematic

Question 34

Behavior therapists believe that both normal and abnormal behaviors develop

A) through a learning process.
B) due to traumatic childhood events.
C) because of environmental influences.
D) due to poor genetic makeup.
E) as a result of unconscious forces.

Question 35

For which of these problems would systematic desensitization most likely be used?

A) Joe has been depressed for two years.
B) Ken is sexually attracted to young children.
C) As a result of schizophrenia, David does not interact with members of his family.
D) A fear of heights restricts Alice's enrollment to classes that meet on the first floor.
E) Lisa's borderline personality disorder causes her to think in "all or nothing" terms, and this interferes with her romantic relationships.

Question 36

Saleem has been seeing a therapist because she cannot adjust to her new husband's children from a previous marriage. Although she dearly loves her husband, she feels awkward and embarrassed in front of the children. The therapist suggests that she bring her husband and his children with her to the next session so she can see them interact. Saleem is probably seeing a

A) behavior therapist
B) psychoanalyst
C) Gestalt therapist
D) family therapist
E) humanistic therapist

Question 37

Imagine if Sigmund Freud were to go to Carl Rogers for therapy. Freud's major complaint is depression due to distress over the lack of positive response to his theories. What is Rogers most likely to say during their session?

A) "You seem troubled by the reaction to your work."
B) "Let's focus on your relationship with your father."
C) "Why do you think that everyone must appreciate your work?"
D) "Say the first thing that comes to your mind; don't censor anything because I want to know what is truly on your mind."
E) "What happened in your childhood that makes you require others to appreciate your theories?"

Question 38

Johanna and Stuart are seeing a couples therapist. The therapist is LEAST likely to help them figure out how they can

A) use projection and transference to improve their relationship.
B) communicate effectively with each other.
C) reinforce desirable behavior in each other.
D) each help the other express his or her feelings and ideas.
E) develop nondirective listening skills.

Question 39

Graham listens to Maria's statements and then restates what he feels is Maria's message and describes her emotions. What type of therapy is Dr. Graham practicing?

A) behavior
B) cognitive
C) psychoanalytic
D) client-centered
E) Gestalt

Question 40

A self-help support group would be most likely to be useful in

A) managing crises such as divorce or the death of a child.
B) treating addictions such as alcohol or gambling.
C) coping with mental and physical disorders.
D) helping relatives or friends of addicts cope with the associated stresses.
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 41

According to Albert Ellis, we become unhappy and depressed about events because of

A) our behaviors.
B) our irrational beliefs.
C) the events that happen to us.
D) other people's irrational beliefs.
E) our self-concepts.

Question 42

Which of the following is a basic goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy?

A) to help clients uncover unconscious conflicts and sexual urges
B) to help clients develop a closer match between real and ideal selves
C) to help clients change irrational thoughts to rational thoughts
D) to help clients complete unfinished business and become whole
E) to help clients address feelings, emotions, and experiences from which they psychologically hide

Question 43

Hiram has learned to seek attention by engaging in inappropriate behaviors by watching his brother receive attention for hitting and biting and then imitating his behavior. Hiram has learned to seek attention by engaging in inappropriate behaviors by using which of the following techniques?

A) reinforcement
B) token economy
C) participant modeling
D) extinction
E) generalization

Question 44

At Skinner Elementary School, teachers pass out "skinner bucks" to students who turn in papers on time, obey the teacher, and finish their homework. The paper "bucks" can be traded in at the end of the week for special treats or game-playing time on the classroom computer. This system most resembles a

A) participant modeling technique.
B) contingency contract.
C) group extinction procedure.
D) token economy.
E) Thorndike technique.

Question 45

The legacy of the claims of Hans Eysenck about psychotherapy is that

A) psychology restructured the DSM.
B) schizophrenia was redefined.
C) people began to abandon psychotherapy.
D) HMOs were able to substitute placebos for therapy.
E) subsequent research showed the effectiveness of psychotherapy.

Question 46

A therapist challenges what she sees as her client's irrational and self-defeating thoughts. Her goal is to help her client change these thoughts into more rational, helpful, positive thoughts. In addition, she wants to help her client develop strategies that can be used to cope with future problems. She is probably a ________ therapist.

A) cognitive-behavioral
B) client-centered
C) psychoanalytic
D) Gestalt
E) participant modeling

Question 47

Gary takes antipsychotic drugs to control the symptoms of schizophrenia. After taking the drug for some time, he begins exhibiting repetitive, involuntary jerks and movements of his face, lips, and legs. Gary is showing signs of

A) savant syndrome.
B) tardive dyskinesia.
C) a clozapine overdose.
D) neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
E) agranulocytosis.

Question 48

Eileen goes to a therapist for help in losing weight. She and her therapist develop a written agreement spelling out weekly step-by-step methods for Eileen to use in order to reach her weight goal. The plan specifies rewards for reaching weekly goals and penalties for not achieving them. Eileen's therapist is using which of the following methods?

A) classical conditioning
B) desensitization
C) contingency management
D) a token economy
E) self-help therapy

Question 49

Linda's friend Allie comes to her because she is having marital problems. Linda should

A) be an active listener.
B) give her friend advice about what to do.
C) show honest surprise or disgust, when she feels that way.
D) tell Allie to accept things "as is."
E) avoid using empathy-it is embarrassing to both parties.

Question 50

Young laboratory monkeys who saw their parents express fear to a live snake later showed fear themselves while viewing a live snake for the first time. This new fear would be the result of

A) observational learning.
B) behaviorism.
C) situationism.
D) exposure and response prevention.
E) token economies.

Question 51

Veru fears snakes, so her therapist encourages her to watch a film containing people handling snakes. Veru's therapist is using

A) symbolic modeling therapy.
B) humanistic therapy.
C) psychoanalysis.
D) self-system therapy.
E) insight therapy.

Question 52

Estella is afraid of cats. To help her overcome her fear, her mother calmly pets and strokes a cat while Estella is watching. Her mother encourages her to imitate her behavior. Estella's mother is using

A) reinforcement.
B) a token economy.
C) participant modeling.
D) extinction.
E) generalization.

Question 53

Bob has been under a physician's care for bipolar disorder. Bob's doctor is most likely to prescribe which of the following to treat Bob's disorder?

A) Ritalin
B) tricyclics
C) lithium
D) Prozac
E) Xanax

Question 54

Cindy's parents allow her to play her video game an extra 15 minutes more if she has completed all of her daily chores. Cindy's parents are using

A) participant modeling.
B) aversion therapy.
C) contingency management.
D) systematic desensitization.
E) parent effectiveness training.

Question 55

Sigmund Freud arrives for a therapy session with Albert Ellis. Freud's main complaint is depression; it seems that Freud's writings have not received the kind of response he had hoped for and expected. What is Ellis most likely to say during the therapy session?

A) "Let's explore your dreams in search of the real reason for your depression."
B) "You are upset about the reaction that your work has been receiving."
C) "I want to do some tests to find the neurological cause of your distress."
D) "Why do you expect all your work to be well received, and what difference does it make if some people don't like your ideas?"
E) "Let's figure out what obstructs you from becoming everything of which you are capable."

Question 56

A person who paints a foul-tasting polish on his fingernails is using ________ therapy to quit nail-biting.

A) counterconditioning
B) contingency management
C) aversion
D) participant modeling
E) token economy

Question 57

Which of the following is a therapy based on the principles of operant conditioning?

A) systematic desensitization
B) flooding
C) aversion therapy
D) token economy
E) in-vivo exposure

Question 58

Sheila suffers from obsessive-compulsive disorder. Her therapist has just placed his hands into dirt and is now encouraging Sheila to do likewise. Sheila's therapist is using

A) live modeling.
B) symbolic exposure.
C) participant modeling.
D) symbolic modeling.
E) token economy.

Question 59

The desired goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy is to help clients

A) self-actualize.
B) understand their unconscious mind.
C) analyze their transference.
D) obtain unconditional positive regard.
E) develop new skills and self-efficacy.

Question 60

Which of the following would Albert Ellis identify as an irrational belief?

A) I can succeed.
B) I am honest.
C) Other students are competent.
D) I can change my beliefs.
E) I should always be treated fairly.

Question 61

A physician prescribes a benzodiazepine drug to help alleviate your anxiety. Which drug might you be taking?

A) Xanax
B) Prozac
C) Elavil
D) Thorazine
E) Olanzapine

Question 62

A serious concern regarding the use of anti-anxiety medications is that

A) a person who abruptly stops taking these drugs may show signs of withdrawal.
B) such drugs are depressants.
C) chronic use may lead to addiction.
D) driving is impaired after such use.
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 63

In which of the following types of service has research found that professionals and paraprofessionals are equally effective?

A) biomedical therapy
B) therapy that is based on social learning theory
C) therapy involving classical conditioning
D) therapy involving operant conditioning
E) insight therapy

Question 64

The problem with a ________ therapist who encourages a patient to express his or her anger is that this may actually increase the patient's aggressive behaviors.

A) Freudian
B) behavioral
C) Rogerian
D) biomedical
E) TMS

Question 65

Haldol is to "major tranquilizers" as ________ is/are to "minor tranquilizers."

A) barbiturates
B) ethanol
C) benzodiazepines
D) Prozac

Question 66

Why should antianxiety drugs, typically minor tranquilizers, be prescribed with great caution?

A) Because most people complaining of anxiety symptoms are pretending so that they can get access to prescription medications.
B) These medications can have sedating effects and have a high risk for addiction.
C) These medications require strict dietary restrictions.
D) These drugs are known to be associated with many side effects that can become permanent.
E) In rare instances these drugs can cause fatal blood disease involving the white blood cells.

Question 67

A major report published by the Association for Psychological Science criticized clinicians as a whole for which of the following behaviors?

A) continuing to support the "not guilty by reason of insanity" plea in the criminal justice system
B) regularly diagnosing clients with conditions form which they did not suffer in order to justify recommendations of extensive psychotherapy
C) providing psychotherapies that were not grounded in science
D) billing insurance companies for services that were not provided
E) provdiing psychotherapy without appropriate state-issued licensure

Question 68

Though the exact mechanism by which electroconvulsive therapy works to reduce the symptoms of depression, there are some indications that it may promote the growth of neurons in the

A) pons.
B) reticular activating system.
C) hypothalamus.
D) amygdala.
E) hippocampus.

Question 69

Ramirez is treating a patient for whom she has made a specific diagnosis. She has decided that she will not refer this patient to his physician to consider the use of psychotropic medications, because psychotherapy is more effective for this particular problem. From which condition is the patient most likely to suffer?

A) a sexual dysfunction
B) an anxiety disorder
C) a learning disability
D) a personality disorder
E) a developmental disorder

Question 70

The _______ model of abnormal functioning assumes that mental illnesses have an organic basis, and as such they should be treated like a disease.

A) existential
B) empiricist
C) Freudian
D) medical
E) cognitive-behavioral

Question 71

Which of the following would be considered a form of behavioral therapy?

A) therapy based on classical conditioning
B) Freudian psychoanalysis
C) Neo-Freudian therapies
D) cognitive therapies
E) humanistic therapies

Question 72

Give an example of how a cognitive-behaviorist would help an addicted smoker who claims that "One more cigarette won't hurt me." How might this same problem be approached using aversion therapy?

Question 73

Alice takes lithium to control symptoms of her mental disorder. Alice is most likely suffering from

A) schizophrenia.
B) bipolar disorder.
C) social phobia.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.
E) major depressive disorder.

Question 74

Research has been accumulating for more than 20 years showing that ________ works just as well as medication in combating depression, anxiety, and a variety of problems-in-living.

A) electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
B) exercise
C) deep brain stimulation (DBS)
D) an "all-natural" diet
E) affective reorientation

Question 75

Contrast the psychoanalytic approach to psychotherapy with the behavioral approach. Include discussion of their views on the nature of psychopathology and the role of the unconscious.

Question 76

Cassie is diagnosed with severe depression. Her psychiatrist has prescribed many medications and psychotherapy, none of which have helped to alleviate her depression. Her psychiatrist is now likely to recommend

A) prefrontal lobotomy.
B) electroconvulsive therapy.
C) trephining.
D) relaxation training and meditation.
E) exorcism.

Question 77

Claudia has been having difficulty with body image issues in recent months, and she has occasionally thought about making herself vomit after meals in order to lose weight. Which of the following people is she most likely to turn to for help?

A) her parents
B) her physician
C) people she knows in her community
D) a school counselor
E) a licensed psychologist

Question 78

Elyn was recently treated with electroconvulsive therapy. She is most likely experiencing which psychological disorder?

A) a personality disorder
B) dissociative identity disorder
C) depression
D) anxiety disorder
E) obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 79

Your friend Anton tells you that he has been receiving psychotherapy for several months, but the conversation is interrupted and you are not able to get any more information from him. Based solely on what you were told, which of the following is the most accurate statement?

A) Anton's therapy does not focus on action, but instead emphasizes talk and interpretation.
B) Anton probably lies on a couch to talk about his childhood during his sessions.
C) Anton may be in need of hospitalization.
D) Anton is probably also taking psychotropic medication.
E) Anton may not suffer from a mental illness but may be getting help with a life problem.

Question 80

Which drugs are most effective in treating which psychological problems? What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of using medication to treat such problems?