Question 1

A patient with normal renal function has a potassium level of 6.0 mEq/L. Which underlying cause is possible in this patient?&#10;A) Adrenocortical deficiency&#10;B) Alcoholism&#10;C) Hypertension&#10;D) Malabsorption syndrome

Accepted Answer

Adrenocortical deficiency can lead to hyperkalemia (elevated potassium levels) because the adrenal cortex produces aldosterone, a hormone that helps regulate potassium levels by promoting its excretion in the urine. If aldosterone production is insufficient, potassium levels can rise.

Question 2

A patient has a serum potassium level of 3 mEq/L and a normal blood pressure. Which test should be performed initially to assist with the differential diagnosis?&#10;A) Plasma aldosterone&#10;B) Plasma renin activity&#10;C) Serum bicarbonate&#10;D) Serum magnesium

Accepted Answer

D

Question 3

A hospitalized patient with renal failure is accidentally given parenteral potassium and has a potassium level of 7.0 mEq/L. An ECG reveals a normal QRS interval. What is the initial recommended treatment for this patient?

A) Calcium chloride
B) Insulin and glucose infusion
C) Sodium bicarbonate
D) Sodium polystyrene sulfate

B

Accepted Answer

An elevated potassium level can lead to life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Insulin and glucose infusion are the initial recommended treatment to shift potassium back into the cells and lower the serum potassium level. Calcium chloride may be given if there are ECG changes or arrhythmias. Sodium bicarbonate and sodium polystyrene sulfate are not first-line treatments for acute hyperkalemia and may be used in specific clinical scenarios.

Deck 189: Hyperkalemia and Hypokalemia