Deck 13: Drugs for the Urinary System and Fluid Balance

Question 1

In the male, the urethra is shared by the ______________ and _____________ systems.

A) urinary; endocrine
B) endocrine; reproductive
C) reproductive; urinary
D) urinary; circulatory

Answer 1

reproductive; urinary

Question 2

Which of the following procedures uses a radiopaque dye and x-rays to visualize the kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters, and bladder?

A) KUB
B) Intravenous pyelogram
C) Cystoscopy
D) Urinalysis

Answer 2

Intravenous pyelogram

Question 3

Which of the following diseases may be indicated by the presence of glucose in the urine?

A) Renal disease
B) Infection
C) Diabetes mellitus
D) Dehydration

Answer 3

Infection

Question 4

Which of the following conditions may be indicated by a high specific gravity?

A) Renal disease
B) Infection
C) Diabetes mellitus
D) Dehydration

Question 5

The walls of the bladder in healthy adults are able to hold _________ mL of urine.

A) 400
B) 500
C) 600
D) 700

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?

A) Excretion of waste products
B) Production of adrenalin in response to stress
C) Regulation of the amount of water
D) Regulation of the pH balance

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Urine contains 85 percent water and 15 percent solutes.
B) Urine contains 75 percent water and 25 percent solutes.
C) Urine contains 50 percent water and 50 percent solutes.
D) Urine contains 95 percent water and 5 percent solutes.

Question 8

The bladder voids approximately ________ mL at a time.

A) 50
B) 100
C) 250
D) 600

Question 9

The ureter, the bladder, and the urethra are collectively termed the organs of:

A) urination.
B) micturition.
C) elimination.
D) collection.

Question 10

Which of the following terms means pus in the urine?

A) Hematuria
B) Dysuria
C) Pyuria
D) Oliguria

Question 11

Which of the following terms describes the passing of a rubber or plastic tube through the urethra into the bladder to allow the bladder to empty?

A) Irrigation
B) Dialysis
C) Catheterization
D) Cystoscopy

Question 12

Which of the following terms describes the functional unit of the kidney?

A) Cortex
B) Pelvis
C) Nephron
D) Collecting tubules

Question 13

Which of the following terms is used to describe the act of urination?

A) Voiding
B) Filtration
C) Incontinence
D) Irrigation

Question 14

Which of the following conditions may be indicated by the presence of white blood cells (WBCs) in the urine?

A) Renal disease
B) Infection
C) Diabetes mellitus
D) Dehydration

Question 15

In a 24-hour period, the kidneys normally produce ___________ to __________ mL of urine.

A) 250; 500
B) 600; 750
C) 1000; 1250
D) 1500; 2000

Question 16

Which of the following terms is used to describe the inability to completely empty the bladder?

A) Anuria
B) Incontinence
C) Retention
D) Oliguria

Question 17

Normally, urine is amber- or straw-colored, and clear. When allowed to stand for a period of time, urine becomes:

A) pale.
B) cloudy.
C) bright yellow.
D) brown.

Question 18

Which of the following may be found upon urinalysis if the patient has experienced trauma to the urinary system?

A) pH 8.0
B) Red blood cells (RBCs)
C) White blood cells (WBCs)
D) Protein

Question 19

Which of the following terms describes a procedure used to provide direct visualization of the interior of the bladder?

A) Renal arteriogram
B) Renal biopsy
C) Cystoscopy
D) IVP

Question 20

Which of the following terms means blood in the urine?

A) Hematuria
B) Dysuria
C) Pyuria
D) Oliguria

Question 21

Which of the following terms describes the severe impairment or total lack of kidney function?

A) Azotemia
B) Anuria
C) Pyelonephritis
D) Renal failure

Question 22

Which of the following may be prescribed for a vomiting patient who loses too much water?

A) Diuretics
B) IV fluids
C) Benadryl
D) Sodium bicarbonate

Question 23

A kidney that does not work properly fails to eliminate drugs as expected, and the drugs accumulate in the body with each dose; therefore, the patient must be watched closely for drug ______________whenever there is suspected problems with the kidneys.

A) side effects
B) antagonism
C) adverse reactions
D) toxicity

Question 24

Which of the following terms describes feeling a great urge to urinate even when the bladder is empty?

A) Oliguria
B) Frequency
C) Urgency
D) Incontinence

Question 25

Which of the following terms describes having to urinate very often?

A) Oliguria
B) Frequency
C) Urgency
D) Incontinence

Question 26

Which of the following terms describes decreased urine output of 100 to 400 mL in a 24-hour period?

A) Oliguria
B) Anuria
C) Dysuria
D) Nocturia

Question 27

Which of the following terms describes urine production measuring less than 100 mL in 24 hours?

A) Oliguria
B) Anuria
C) Dysuria
D) Nocturia

Question 28

Which of the following terms describes an abnormal accumulation of fluids in the interstitial spaces of the tissues?

A) Edema
B) Cystitis
C) Diaphoresis
D) Irrigation

Question 29

Which of the following terms describes the accumulation of nitrogenous waste products in the blood secondary to renal failure?

A) Azotemia
B) Hyponatremia
C) Alkalosis
D) Acidosis

Question 30

Which of the following describes the percentage of water in the body of an average adult?

A) 20-30 percent
B) 40-50 percent
C) 50-60 percent
D) 70-80 percent

Question 31

Which of the following terms describes urine remaining in the bladder after voiding?

A) Symphysis pubis
B) Residual urine
C) Oliguria
D) Dysuria

Question 32

Which of the following terms describes excessive loss of water from the tissues?

A) Oliguria
B) Acidosis
C) Dehydration
D) Urgency

Question 33

Women should be instructed to wipe from front to back to prevent which of the following conditions?

A) Ureteritis
B) Kidney stones
C) Urinary tract infection (UTI)
D) Alkalosis

Question 34

When the kidneys are diseased, the body may not be able to maintain a balance between intake and output, and it is sometimes necessary to keep track of the intake and output of:

A) medications.
B) foods.
C) fluids.
D) electrolytes.

Question 35

Which of the following conditions could be treated using lithotripsy?

A) Cystitis
B) Pyelonephritis
C) Kidney stones
D) Enlarged prostate

Question 36

Which of the following terms describes a condition that is caused by uncontrolled contraction or overactivity of the detrusor muscle?

A) Urge incontinence
B) Cystitis
C) Frequency
D) Urgency

Question 37

Which of the following terms describes difficult or painful urination?

A) Dialysis
B) Dysuria
C) Cystitis
D) Pyuria

Question 38

Which of the following terms describes a technique that moves substances from the blood through a semipermeable membrane that is used to correct fluid and electrolyte imbalances and remove waste products in case of kidney failure?

A) Catheterization
B) Dialysis
C) Cystoscopy
D) Lithotripsy

Question 39

Which of the following terms describes an infection of the kidneys?

A) Nephritis
B) Pyelonephritis
C) Cystitis
D) Urethritis

Question 40

Which of the following terms describes the inability to control urination?

A) Anuria
B) Incontinence
C) Retention
D) Oliguria

Question 41

Protein in the urine may be an indication of which of the following?

A) Renal disease
B) Infection
C) Diabetes
D) Trauma

Question 42

Nausea, thirst, fatigue, dry mouth, muscle weakness, and an irregular pulse are signs of which of the following conditions?

A) Electrolyte imbalance
B) Kidney disease
C) Diabetes
D) Acid/base imbalance

Question 43

Tolterodine (Detrol) is the drug of choice for which of the following conditions?

A) Pyelonephritis
B) Overactive bladder
C) Urinary tract infection
D) Edema

Question 44

The washing out of a structure with a solution is termed _______________.

Question 45

Slow-K and calcium gluconate are examples of which of the following?

A) Antibiotics
B) Diuretics
C) Replacement electrolytes
D) Antiseptics

Question 46

Which of the following describes a scale for measuring acidity and alkalinity of fluid?

A) pH
B) ABO
C) Metric
D) Kelvin

Question 47

Which of the following terms describes a pH of less than 7.0?

A) Alkalosis
B) Acidosis
C) Homeostasis
D) Dehydration

Question 48

___________________ is a state of equilibrium of the body's internal environment, as with body fluids.

Question 49

Sodium chloride and dextrose solutions are examples of which of the following?

A) Replacement fluids
B) Diuretics
C) Urinary antiseptics
D) Alkalizers

Question 50

Which of the following imbalances may occur secondary to kidney malfunction, improper diets, or unusual physical activity?

A) Fluid-electrolyte
B) Acid-base
C) Input-output
D) Hypotension-hypertension

Question 51

Which of the following conditions may have symptoms that include swollen arms and legs and, possibly, a swollen abdomen?

A) Hypokalemia
B) Edema
C) Anemia
D) Nephritis

Question 52

Which of the following can be replaced by eating a diet rich in potassium, calcium, sodium, and magnesium?

A) Fluids
B) Nutrients
C) Electrolytes
D) Vitamins

Question 53

Furosemide (Lasix) is an example of which of the following?

A) Antiseptic
B) Diuretic
C) Replacement electrolyte
D) Acidifier

Question 54

Which of the following is a side effect of too low a level of potassium resulting in fatigue, muscle weakness, and cardiac changes such as disturbances in the electrical impulses that stimulate the heartbeat?

A) Hypokalemia
B) Hyperkalemia
C) Hyponatremia
D) Hypernatremia

Question 55

Which of the following may be a side effect of medications given for urinary tract infections?

A) Hypertension
B) Pyuria
C) Urine discoloration
D) Dysuria

Question 56

The main waste product contained in urine is ___________.

Question 57

Nutrient-based solutions such as Pedialyte, Lytren, Ricelyte, and Resol are used in which of the following types of therapies?

A) Oral rehydration therapy
B) IV rehydration therapy
C) Parenteral rehydration therapy
D) Percutaneous rehydration therapy

Question 58

Which of the following is a side effect of some thiazides?

A) Potassium loss
B) Calcium loss
C) Magnesium loss
D) Iron loss

Question 59

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the management of pediatric dehydration?

A) Avoid a clear liquid intake.
B) Avoid beverages containing caffeine.
C) Avoid broths.
D) Avoid low-sodium, water, breast milk, and half-strength or lactose-free formulas.

Question 60

Which of the following may be prescribed for a patient with edema to make the kidneys excrete more urine?

A) Diuretics
B) IV fluids
C) Benadryl
D) Sodium bicarbonate

Question 61

Blood in the urine is termed _____________.

Question 62

The male urethra is shared by the urinary and ________________ systems.

Question 63

The three main functions of the urinary system are carried out through the process of _____________ the blood.

Question 64

The muscular walls of the bladder are able to stretch out and hold as much as _______ mL of urine.

Question 65

During urination, urine passes out of the body by way of the _____________.

Question 66

The three main functions of the urinary system are excreting, maintaining homeostasis, and regulating __________ balance.

Question 67

When patients cannot empty the bladder on their own, a(n) ____________ may be passed through the urethra into the bladder to allow the bladder to empty.

Question 68

Inability to completely empty the bladder is called _____________.

Question 69

The test that provides direct visualization of the bladder through a flexible scope is ________________.

Question 70

The kidneys produce about __________ to ______ mL of urine in a 24-hour period.

Question 71

The fluid that is formed in the kidneys and flows through the ureters to the bladder is __________.

Question 72

Urine is 90 to 95 percent ___________ and 5 to 10 percent _________ products.

Question 73

The bladder voids approximately ________ mL of urine at a time.

Question 74

Diabetes mellitus may be suspected if the patient presents with __________ in the urine upon urinalysis.

Question 75

An intravenous pyelogram (IVP) uses a radiopaque ___________ to visualize the kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters, and bladder.

Question 76

The functional unit of the kidney is the _____________.

Question 77

Pus is the urine is termed _____________.

Question 78

Cloudy or foamy urine may alert the physician to possible renal disease or _____________.

Question 79

If more than 8 WBCs are found when doing a urinalysis, the physician may suspect that the patient has a(n) _______________.

Question 80

When the bladder contains about 250 mL of urine, nerve endings signal and create the need to urinate or _________.