Deck 10: Drugs for the Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Labored or difficult breathing that occurs because of fluid accumulation in the interstitial tissues and lungs is termed:

A) pneumonia.
B) dyspnea.
C) bradycardia.
D) edema.

Answer 1

dyspnea.

Question 2

Which are the three main kinds of blood cells?

A) Granulocytes; thrombocytes; hemoglobin
B) Monocytes; platelets; antibodies
C) Erythrocytes; leukocytes; platelets
D) Monocytes; granulocytes; lymphocytes

Answer 2

Erythrocytes; leukocytes; platelets

Question 3

Which is an effect that aging has on the heart? Select all that apply.

A) The heart becomes larger because it loses its elasticity.
B) The heart has a deeper color because there is more oxygen in the heart tissue.
C) The heart valves thin out and become less rigid.
D) The aorta and arteries are more elastic.

Answer 3

The heart becomes larger because it loses its elasticity.

Question 4

Chest pain is also referred to as:

A) dyspnea.
B) cardialgia.
C) angina pectoris.
D) cardiac arrest.

Question 5

Warfarin sodium (Coumadin) is classified as an:

A) antiplatelet.
B) antilipemic.
C) anticoagulant.
D) antihypertensive.

Question 6

Which is the most common arterial disorder that is characterized by thickening, loss of elasticity, and calcification of arterial walls?

A) Atherosclerosis
B) Thrombophlebitis
C) Arteriosclerosis
D) Embolus

Question 7

Irregular heartbeats or palpitations that may indicate heart problems are termed:

A) tachycardia.
B) bradycardia.
C) dysrhythmias.
D) heart blocks.

Question 8

A sudden cessation of breathing and of sufficient circulation of blood by the heart is termed:

A) shock.
B) congestive heart failure.
C) cardiac arrest.
D) sudden cardiac death.

Question 9

Which statement is correct?

A) Arterial blood is bright red, highly oxygenated, and travels from the heart to the capillaries.
B) Venous blood is bright red, highly oxygenated, and travels from the heart to the capillaries.
C) Arterial blood is dark red, low in oxygen, and travels from the capillaries to the heart.
D) Venous blood is bright red, low in oxygen, and travels from the capillaries to the heart.

Question 10

Aspirin, thrombolytics or clot busters, anticoagulants, analgesics, nitroglycerin, beta blockers, and antilipemics may be used to treat:

A) atherosclerosis.
B) angina pectoris.
C) thrombophlebitis.
D) myocardial infarction.

Question 11

Which of the following is the average adult pulse?

A) 60-80 bpm
B) 70-90 bpm
C) 60-100 bpm
D) 80-120 bpm

Question 12

Which medications may be prescribed to treat high cholesterol?

A) Diuretics
B) Antihypertensives
C) Antilipemics
D) Cardiac glycosides

Question 13

Which is the goal of cholesterol management?

A) High levels of HDL cholesterol, high levels of LDL cholesterol.
B) Low levels of HDL cholesterol, low levels of LDL cholesterol.
C) Low levels of LDL cholesterol, high levels of HDL cholesterol
D) High levels of HDL cholesterol, low levels of LDL cholesterol.

Question 14

Which terms describe a decrease in the number of erythrocytes, the quality of hemoglobin, and the volume of hematocrit?

A) Thrombus
B) Cyanosis
C) Anemia
D) Leukemia

Question 15

Which drugs may be prescribed to treat edema associated with congestive heart failure (CHF) and hypertension?

A) Antihypertensives
B) Cardiac glycosides
C) Diuretics
D) Antilipemics

Question 16

Which of the following is the average adult blood pressure?

A) 110/80
B) 120/80
C) 130/80
D) 140/80

Question 17

A patient whose ventricles of the heart are not able to contract and pump properly, and who exhibits signs of fatigue, dyspnea, tachycardia, chest pain, and edema, may have:

A) a dysrhythmia.
B) congestive heart failure (CHF).
C) atherosclerosis.
D) orthostatic hypotension.

Question 18

Before administering digoxin, the healthcare worker must check the apical pulse. Digoxin should not be given if the pulse is below:

A) 40 bpm.
B) 50 bpm.
C) 60 bpm.
D) 70 bpm.

Question 19

Because _________________ is called the "silent killer" and may exist without symptoms for a long time, it is important to teach patients about the risk factors.

A) arteriosclerosis
B) hypertension
C) shock
D) atherosclerosis

Question 20

Pooling of blood in the veins that is associated with immobility, obesity, pregnancy, CHF, and steroid therapy can lead to:

A) thrombophlebitis.
B) shock.
C) ventricular fibrillation.
D) hypertension.

Question 21

Which term is used to describe a sudden, lowered blood pressure when the patient stands up quickly?

A) Positional hypotension
B) Reflexive hypotension
C) Orthostatic hypotension
D) Secondary hypotension

Question 22

Which categories of drugs work to raise blood pressure by causing the blood vessels to contract?

A) Vasodilators
B) Antihypertensives
C) Cardiac glycosides
D) Vasoconstrictors

Question 23

The heart, the blood vessels, and the blood make up the ___________________ system.

Question 24

Which are effective for the treatment of a myocardial infarction if given within six hours of the onset of chest pain?

A) Thrombolytics
B) Anticoagulants
C) Calcium channel blockers
D) Nitrates

Question 25

The point of maximum impulse (PMI) is an important landmark when taking the _________ pulse before administering cardiac drugs.

Question 26

Antianginal drugs such as nitroglycerin or calcium channel blockers produce coronary dilation and increase the _________ to the heart, relieving chest pain.

Question 27

Which medication helps prevent or reduce the formation of a thrombus?

A) Coumadin (warfarin)
B) Lasix (furosemide)
C) Lipitor(atorvastatin)
D) Norvasc (amlodipine)

Question 28

The myocardium and heart are supplied with blood from the ______________ arteries.

Question 29

Which must be checked on a daily basis to monitor a patient on digitalis?

A) Pulse
B) Blood pressure
C) Weight
D) Electrolytes

Question 30

The arterioles and venules are connected by thin-walled vessels called ____________.

Question 31

The capillaries serve the important function of carrying ___________ and other nutrients to the tissues and taking away the ___________ products.

Question 32

Arteries carry blood __________ from the heart, while veins carry blood __________ the heart.

Question 33

Cardiac glycosides such as digoxin increase cardiac output by affecting the force of myocardial ____________________.

Question 34

The electrical signals of the heart can be picked up by a machine and recorded on a chart called a(n) ______________________.

Question 35

Many over-the-counter (OTC) drugs such as aspirin, oral contraceptives, and antacids can affect the action of:

A) antilipemics.
B) antihypertensives.
C) anticoagulants.
D) antiarrhythmics.

Question 36

A patient with anemia may be prescribed which medication for this condition?

A) Feosol (ferrous sulfate)
B) Plavix (clopidogrel)
C) Lanoxin (digoxin)
D) Coumadin (warfarin)

Question 37

Vasodilators relax or dilate the walls of the arteries and are used to control angina pectoris. The most common vasodilator is:

A) digoxin.
B) iron.
C) nitroglycerin.
D) aspirin.

Question 38

Aspirin and Plavix are both medications that may be prescribed for which condition?

A) Hypertension
B) Myocardial infarction
C) Anemia
D) Congestive heart failure

Question 39

Patients should expect their stools to look dark and tarry if they were prescribed which medication?

A) Lipitor (atorvastation)
B) Feosol (ferrous sulfate)
C) Norvasc (amlopidine)
D) Lanoxin (digoxin)

Question 40

The middle, muscular layer, and most important structure of the heart, is the _______________.

Question 41

Digoxin, diuretics, and vasodilators are the usual therapy for _______________________.

Question 42

To prevent hypercholesterolemia and a potential heart attack, the goal is to have low levels of _____________ cholesterol and high levels of ____________ cholesterol.

Question 43

A patient who experiences a sudden stopping of the heart and circulation is said to be in _____________________.

Question 44

The fluid part of blood is called ________________.

Question 45

A very slow heartbeat, or pulse below 60 beats per minute, is known as ____________________.

Question 46

A diagnosis of _____________________ is made after two blood pressure readings greater than 140/90 mm Hg on separate occasions.

Question 47

Dysrhythmias are any deviations from the normal ______________ of the heartbeat.

Question 48

When oxygen content in the blood is low, the skin may turn bluish, a condition called ___________________.

Question 49

A patient who presents with hemoptysis is coughing up ______________.

Question 50

The abnormal accumulation of fluid, or edema, in the legs and lungs is a common sign of ________________________.

Question 51

_____________________ is an accumulation of cholesterol and lipids on the walls of the arteries.

Question 52

A very rapid heartbeat, a pulse above 100 beats per minute, is called ________________.

Question 53

The average adult pulse is between ________ and __________ beats per minute.

Question 54

________________ is labored or difficult breathing that occurs because of fluid accumulation in the interstitial tissues and lungs. The patient becomes short of breath, with rapid and shallow respirations.

Question 55

The force of the blood against the walls of the blood vessels is termed __________________.

Question 56

Angina pectoris is _____________ pain resulting from lack of oxygen to the heart tissue.

Question 57

Red blood cells carry _________________ in the body.

Question 58

A total cholesterol level of below ______________ mg/dL is recommended to prevent heart disease.

Question 59

The platelets are critical in ______________.

Question 60

Patients should be encouraged to lose weight, exercise, and stop smoking in order to lower their blood levels of _____________________.

Question 61

A general term used to describe a group of malignant disorders that affect the blood-forming tissues in the bone marrow, spleen, and lymph system is _________________.

Question 62

Certain diuretics, because they also help dilate the blood vessels, are often given along with antihypertensive drugs in the treatment of ____________________.

Question 63

By reducing the amount of fluid in the body, diuretics work to reduce the amount of _______________ the heart has to pump; this effect is helpful for people with CHF.

Question 64

Drugs that help the body eliminate excess fluids through urinary excretion are called _____________.

Question 65

Adrenergics raise blood pressure by causing the blood vessels to contract. Patients must be assessed carefully to ensure that they are not receiving too much medication and developing __________________. Blood pressure must be checked regularly and often.

Question 66

When a patient is on nitrate therapy, he or she should report severe headache, dry mouth, and blurred vision to the physician as these are symptoms of ________________.

Question 67

A common arterial disorder characterized by thickening, loss of elasticity, and calcification of the arterial wall is ______________________.

Question 68

Because hypertension may go without symptoms for a long time, it has been called the ______________________.

Question 69

_____________ are a category of drugs that relax the smooth muscle and act directly on arteries and veins to decrease blood pressure.

Question 70

A decrease in the number of erythrocytes, the quality of hemoglobin, and the volume of hematocrit can cause ___________________.

Question 71

Myocardial infarction or _____________________ is an injury to the heart muscle caused by a decreased blood supply.

Question 72

A patient with thrombophlebitis may be prescribed __________________ therapy to dissolve the clot and relieve inflammation.

Question 73

When the heart is in ventricular fibrillation, ____________________________ is needed to shock the heart back into normal rhythm.

Question 74

Myocardial infarction is generally caused by a decreased blood supply from a blood clot blocking the flow of blood through a(n) _________________.

Question 75

The chest compressions and breaths used to reestablish circulation and breathing in the event of a cardiac emergency are termed ______________________________.

Question 76

Nitroglycerin may be given to relieve angina pectoris, but if three tablets have been taken over 15 minutes and there is no relief of the angina, the patient should seek immediate ______________________.

Question 77

Iron supplements, an iron-rich diet, vitamin B₁₂, and folic acid can be used to treat _______________.

Question 78

Sublingual nitroglycerin is a(n) _____________________ that acts to relieve angina pectoris by relaxing or dilating the walls of the arteries.

Question 79

Drugs that are used to lower high blood pressure are called ___________________. Some work by widening blood vessels, causing the blood pressure to decrease.

Question 80

Prevent ________________ of nitrates by removing paste or patches for eight hours-a "no nitrate" time.