Deck 17: The Reproductive System: Replacement and Repair

Question 1

Choose the best answer:
The stiffening and expanding of the penis is known as:

A) ejaculation
B) erection
C) emulsification
D) erectile dysfunction

Answer 1

Ejaculation is a process of sudden discharge of semen from the body of males. It usually happens during the sexual intercourse. The semen is ejaculated from the urethra of males in female's vagina, when the penis of a male is introduced in the vagina of a female.
Emulsification is defined as the process in which, larger fat globules are broken down into tiny molecules for the efficient enzymatic action onto the broken tiny fat molecules. It is done during the digestion of fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
ED (erectile dysfunction) is the long-term inability of the penis of males to have or maintain the erection of penis. It increases with age in men. ED can be caused psychologically or physiologically and it generally interferes with the process of ejaculation.
Hence, the options a, c and d are incorrect.
The stiffening and expanding of the penis is known as erection. It is so because when, a man is sexually aroused, the erectile tissue in the penis becomes engorged with the blood. This results in stiffening and expanding of the penis in males.
Hence, the correct answer is option
.

Question 2

Choose the best answer:
Before ovulation, estrogen _______________ the secretion of FSH and LH.

A) decreases
B) increases
C) stabilizes
D) there is no relationship between estrogen, FSH, and LH

Answer 2

The release of GnRH (Gonadotropin-releasing hormone) from hypothalamus causes increased secretions of FSH (Follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (Luteinizing hormone) by pituitary glands.
The LH triggers ovulation, whereas FSH initiates primary follicle development each month. The levels of estrogen (a hormone secreted by corpus luteum) continue to rise during the proliferation or follicular phase.
Increased estrogen levels increases the secretion of GnRH by hypothalamus which in turn increases the release of LH and FSH by the pituitary. The proliferation of endometrium is stimulated by the increased estrogen levels.
Before ovulation, the increased level of estrogen increases the release of GnRH by hypothalamus which, in turn, increases the secretion of FSH and LH. After ovulation, the estrogen level decrease as the leftover ruptured follicle secretes little estrogen. This decreases the secretions of GnRH, LH and FSH.
The estrogen does not stabilize the secretion of FSH and LH. Rather, it has a negative feedback on the secretions of FSH and LH by decreasing the release of GnRH by the hypothalamus. The secretion of estrogen is in direct relationship with the secretion of FSH and LH as well as the GnRH.
Hence, the options a, c and d are incorrect.
Since, before ovulation, the increased level of estrogen increases the secretion of GnRH by the hypothalamus which, in turn, increases the secretion of FSH and LH by pituitary gland. After ovulation, the estrogen has a feedback (negative) on the secretions of FSH, GnRH and LS.
Hence, the correct answer is option
.

Question 3

Danazol, a synthetic testosterone, has which of the following side e_ects when prescribed to women to treat endometriosis

A) facial hair growth
B) bone loss
C) increased ovulation
D) all of the above

Answer 3

Endometriosis is a condition, in which the endometrium grows outside of the uterus instead of the inside of the uterus. The main symptoms of the endometriosis include infertility and the pelvic pain. The areas affected from endometriosis bleed every month results in scarring and inflammation.
Danazol R is a synthetic testosterone, which is responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characters and masculinization in the body. It is highly used by the physician to treat the endometriosis in females.
Bone loss is mainly caused due to the deossification. The testosterone is a potent male androgenic hormone and is not found associated with the loss of the bones. Ovulation is a characteristic feature in females. The administration of Danazol R does not result in increased ovulation in females.
Hence, the options b, c and d are incorrect.
Arousal or growth of the facial hairs is one of the male secondary sexual characters, thus this can be considered as the major side effect caused by Danazol R in females. It can be observed in the women who are prescribed with Danazol R for the treatment of endometriosis.
Hence, the correct answer is option
.

Question 4

In the male reproductive system the _____________ is posterior to the bladder, and the _____________ gland is inferior to the bladder.

Question 5

Choose the best answer:
Sperm mature in the:

A) epidiymis
B) testes
C) scrotum
D) penis

Question 6

Choose the best answer:
PCOS symptoms most closely resemble this endocrine disorder:

A) hyperthyroidism
B) Addison's
C) Cushing's
D) none of the above

Question 7

The female primary genitalia are the:

A) ovaries
B) uterus
C) vagina
D) testes

Question 8

Choose the best answer:
Male secondary sexual characteristics, masculinization of the body, and enhancement of FSH and LH levels are caused by:

A) LH
B) FSH
C) estrogen
D) testosterone

Question 9

Which hormone is inhibited during treatment for BPH

A) estrogen
B) progestin
C) testosterone
D) GnRH

Question 10

Explain the role of hormones in controlling the female reproductive cycle.
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Question 11

After ovulation, estrogen and progesterone send _____________ (positive or negative) feedback to the pituitary and hypothalamus.

Question 12

Choose the best answer:
Organs that produce sperm and egg are called:

A) gametes
B) gonads
C) zygotes
D) chromosomes

Question 13

This hormone stimulates ovulation:

A) estrogen
B) progesterone
C) LH
D) FSH

Question 14

The stiffening of the penis is known as _____________, and the actual movement of sperm out of the penis is _____________.

Question 15

Choose the best answer:
The inner lining of the uterus that is shed each month is the:

A) perimetrium
B) endometrium
C) myometrium
D) all of the above

Question 16

Distinguish between PMS and PMDD.
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Question 17

In each lobule of the testes are several _____________, tubes in which the sperm are made and develop.

A) seminal vesicles
B) seminiferous tubules
C) bulbourethral glands
D) all of the above

Question 18

Choose the best answer:
The union of an egg and a sperm is called:

A) sex
B) fertilization
C) oogenesis
D) ovulation

Question 19

Choose the best answer:
Which of the following is not a symptom of endometriosis

A) pain
B) infertility
C) hot flashes
D) painful intercourse

Question 20

Maria has always wanted to have children, but she has read horror stories about diabetes and pregnancy. Her doctor has told her that if she is healthy, she could try to get pregnant when the time is right. There are significant risks, however, including a high birth weight baby.
What characteristic of diabetes mellitus would contribute to increased birth weight
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Question 21

Choose the best answer:
These hormones stimulate follicle maturation and ovulation:

A) estrogen and progesterone
B) estrogen and GnRH
C) LH and FSH
D) FSH and progesterone

Question 22

Choose the best answer:
If ________________ does not occur, the endometrium will decay and a woman will menstruate.

A) sex
B) ovulation
C) fertilization
D) oogenesis

Question 23

Maria has always wanted to have children, but she has read horror stories about diabetes and pregnancy. Her doctor has told her that if she is healthy, she could try to get pregnant when the time is right. There are significant risks, however, including a high birth weight baby.
How can the condition be prevented
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Question 24

Choose the best answer:
After passing the seminal vesicles, the vas deferens becomes the:

A) prostate gland
B) urethra
C) penis
D) none of the above

Question 25

Choose the best answer:
The role of progesterone is:

A) to promote ovulation
B) to keep the endometrium from shedding
C) to enhance fertilization
D) to increase FSH and LH levels

Question 26

Maria has always wanted to have children, but she has read horror stories about diabetes and pregnancy. Her doctor has told her that if she is healthy, she could try to get pregnant when the time is right. There are significant risks, however, including a high birth weight baby.
What other conditions might Maria need to take care to prevent
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Question 27

Choose the best answer:
The combination of sperm, sugars, chemicals, and mucus is:

A) semen
B) urine
C) spermatozoa
D) all of the above

Question 28

Choose the best answer:
_______________ has the same symptoms as UTI and overactive bladder.

A) PCOS
B) ED
C) BPH
D) PMS

Question 29

Trace the journey of a sperm from its birth through fertilization.
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Question 30

_____________ is the type of cell division that produces egg and sperm.

Question 31

Choose the best answer:
ED is always caused by psychological problems.

A) true
B) false

Question 32

Choose the best answer:
Cells with half the number of chromosomes used for sexual reproduction are known as:

A) zygotes
B) daughter cells
C) gametes
D) half cells

Question 33

This division of the endometrium sheds each month:

A) horny layer
B) basal layer
C) menstrual layer
D) none of the above

Question 34

The union of sperm and egg is called _____________.

Question 35

Choose the best answer:
The _______________ is also known as the birth canal.

A) ovary
B) uterus
C) uterine tubes
D) vagina

Question 36

Contrast mitosis and meiosis.
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Question 37

Which of the following is not a function of asexual reproduction (mitosis)

A) making gametes
B) tissue growth
C) tissue repair
D) all are functions of asexual reproduction

Question 38

Choose the best answer:
The time from the end of menses to ovulation is what phase

A) luteal phase
B) follicular phase
C) mitotic phase
D) ovarian phase

Question 39

Choose the best answer:
After _______________, the egg is called a _______________ and has 46 chromosomes.

A) reproduction; gamete
B) meiosis; daughter cell
C) mitosis; zygote
D) fertilization; zygote

Question 40

Explain the treatment strategies for benign prostatic hyperplasia.
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Question 41

Choose the best answer:
At puberty, the ovaries begin to secrete:

A) FSH
B) LH
C) estrogen
D) all of the above

Question 42

Choose the best answer:
This part of the female reproductive system is erectile:

A) ovary
B) labia majora
C) clitoris
D) penis

Question 43

Choose the best answer:
Symptoms of PMS generally end:

A) just before a woman's period
B) just after her period begins
C) at ovulation
D) there is no pattern

Question 44

Choose the best answer:
The _______________ are the gonads, where sperm are made.

A) vas deferens
B) testes
C) scrotum
D) penis

Question 45

Choose the best answer:
The act of the egg being expelled from the ovary is called:

A) oogenesis
B) ovulation
C) puberty
D) pregnancy

Question 46

Oral contraceptives are typically a combination of these two hormones _____________ and _____________.