Deck 13: Prospective Memory

Question 1

Linkovski et al. (2013)found that repeated checking behavior reduced memory vividness and lowered participants' confidence in memory, principally for participants with:
(A)Enlarged hippocampi
(B)Poor inhibitory control
(C)Low conscientiousness
(D)High extroversion
(E)Average working memory spans

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Schnitzspahn, Zeintl, Jäger, and Kliegel (2011)found that:
(A)Participants' judgments of their future prospective-memory performance generally underestimated that performance.
(B)Participants' judgments of their future prospective-memory performance generally overestimated that performance.
(C)Participants' judgments of their future prospective-memory performance were generally very accurate
(D)Participants' judgments of their future prospective-memory performance correlated with their working memory span
(E)Participants' judgments of their future prospective-memory performance correlated with their SIF scores

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Nonfocal tasks involve:
(A)Spontaneous retrieval
(B)Intentional retrieval
(C)Retrieval-induced forgetting
(D)Suppression-induced forgetting
(E)Proactive interference

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Hicks et al. (2005)argued that which type of task made both event-based and time-based processing more demanding?
(A)Low priority
(B)Unrewarded
(C)Poorly specified
(D)Conjunction
(E)Threatening

Question 5

Memory for people, words, and events encountered in the past is termed:
(A)Retrosplenial memory
(B)Prospective memory
(C)Prosthetic memory
(D)Retrospective memory
(E)Semantic memory

Question 6

According to the PlaneCrashInfo.com.accident database, 58% of the fatal accidents were due at least in part to:
(A)Mechanical failure
(B)Adverse weather
(C)Human error
(D)Sabotage
(E)Terrorist attacks

Question 7

Cuttler and Graf (2009)reported that compulsive checkers:
(A)Have impaired visual short-term memory
(B)Did not differ from controls in prospective memory
(C)Overestimate their memory abilities
(D)Did not differ from controls in retrospective memory
(E)Suffer from a deflated sense of personal responsibility

Question 8

Zogg et al.'s (2012)conceptual model of prospective memory included all of the following stages EXCEPT:
(A)Intention formation
(B)Cue execution
(C)Retention interval
(D)Cue detection and intention retrieval
(E)Intention recall

Question 9

Crawford et al. (2003)developed which measure of memory?
(A)Retrospective recall test
(B)Flash cards
(C)Prospective reasoning questionnaire
(D)Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire
(E)Naturalistic observation techniques

Question 10

In a lexical decision task:
(A)Participants presented with a string of letters must decide rapidly whether the string forms a word
(B)Participants presented with a string of letters must read the word aloud as fast as they can
(C)Participants presented with a word must decide rapidly whether they have encountered the word before
(D)Participants presented with a word must say the number of syllables
(E)Participants presented with a series of sounds must repeat the sounds as accurately as they can

Question 11

Performance is generally better on event-based tasks than time-based ones primarily because:
(A)Time-based tasks are extremely rare in real life
(B)Event-based tasks generally require extensive self-initiated processing
(C)Environmental cues are more likely to be present on event-based tasks
(D)Event-based tasks tend to depend on the amygdala, instead of the hippocampus
(E)None of these

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a criterion specified by multi-process theory that is thought to increase the likelihood that the detection of cues would be automatic?
(A)The cue and the to-be-performed action are highly associated
(B)The ongoing task stimulates processing of the target event on the prospective task
(C)The cue is irrelevant
(D)The cue is conspicuous
(E)The intended action is simple

Question 13

The greater ERP amplitude observed by Cona et al. (2012)in their event-based condition was thought to reflect:
(A)Impaired source monitoring
(B)Reduced attentional resources
(C)More distributed focus of attention
(D)Sleep spindles
(E)Greater frequency of target checking

Question 14

A focal task is:
(A)An ingoing task that focuses on inhibition
(B)An ongoing task that captures all your attentional resources
(C)An ongoing task that involves dissimilar processing to that involved in encoding the target on a prospective-memory task performed at the same time.
(D)An ongoing task that involves similar processing to that involved in encoding the target on a prospective-memory task performed at the same time.
(E)An ongoing task that involves similar and dissimilar processing to that involved in encoding the target on a prospective-memory task performed at the same time.

Question 15

Habit capture can be seen most prominently in that prospective memory errors tend to be more common when participants:
(A)Have to rely on external cues
(B)Have weak rather than strong routines
(C)Use fewer rather than more cognitive resources
(D)Integrate multiple modalities of incoming information
(E)Deviate from strong rather than weak routines

Question 16

Anderson and McDaniel (2019)found prospective memory occupied our thoughts approximately:
(A)50-55% of the time
(B)75% of the time
(C)90-92% of the time
(D)13-15% of the time
(E)2% of the time

Question 17

Marsh, Hicks, and Landau (1998)found people reported an average of 15 plans for the forthcoming week of which 25% were not completed. Why?
(A)Rescheduling and reprioritization
(B)Forgetting
(C)Working memory span
(D)Inhibitory control
(E)Peer pressure

Question 18

De Hout and Kindt (2004)presented evidence for which relationship between prospective memory and obsessional behaviors?
(A)Poorer prospective memory may lead to less obsessional checking
(B)Poorer prospective memory may lead to excessive checking
(C)There was no relationship between prospective memory and checking behaviour
(D)Excessive checking may lead to better prospective memory
(E)Excessive checking may lead to poorer prospective memory

Question 19

Strategic monitoring involves:
(A)Bottom-up attentional control processes to maintain the prospective-memory intention
(B)Top-down and bottom-up attentional control processes to maintain the prospective-memory intention
(C)Inhibitory control processes to maintain attentional control processes to maintain the prospective-memory intention
(D)Top-down attentional control processes to maintain the prospective-memory intention
(E)None of the above

Question 20

Remembering to purchase orange juice when you next go to the store is best conceptualized as an example of:
(A)Goal-irrelevant memory
(B)Time-based prospective memory
(C)Event-based retrospective memory
(D)Time-based retrospective memory
(E)Event-based prospective memory

Question 21

Dismukes (2012)recommended doing which of the following to enhance prospective memory?
(A)Create distinctive reminder cues
(B)Create salient reminder cues
(C)All of these
(D)Place reminders in prominent and conveniently located positions
(E)Avoid performing simultaneous tasks

Question 22

Cook, Rumel, and Dummel (2015)and Bruening, Ludwig, Paschke, Walter, and Stelzel (2018)highlighted the importance of the role played by______ in enhancing prospective memory:
(A)Inhibitory control
(B)Sleep
(C)Socio-economic status
(D)Hormones
(E)Motivation

Question 23

Rummel et al. (2012)reported evidence suggesting that participants given implementation intentions:
(A)Reduced the automaticity of intention retrieval
(B)Found it difficult to deactivate their intentions when no longer required
(C)Could not form a suitable intention
(D)Were less likely to complete the intention
(E)Suffered increased processing costs

Question 24

According to the dynamic multi-process framework, the use of monitoring depends on:
(A)Working memory span
(B)Metamemory
(C)Inhibitory control
(D)Digit span
(E)Spontaneous retrieval

Question 25

The dynamic multi-process framework was proposed in 2017 by:
(A)Cooper and Nimoy
(B)Shelton and Scullin
(C)Anderson and Green
(D)Baddeley and Scullin
(E)Einstein and McDaniel