Deck 1: What Is Memory

Question 1

With visual presentation of a series of digits, the likelihood of a memory error is generally highest where in the list?
(A)It is constant throughout
(B)At the beginning
(C)In the middle
(D)At the end
(E)Every other item

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The attempt to systematically map the relationship between physical stimuli onto mental phenomena like sensation and perception is most characteristic of which of the following disciplines?
(A)Psychophysics
(B)Psychosis
(C)Psycholinguistics
(D)Psychoanalysis
(E)Psychosomatics

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Cognitive psychology is largely based on which of the following metaphors?
(A)Allocentric
(B)Egocentric
(C)Computer
(D)Blank slate
(E)Black box

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which type of masking, studied by Turvey (1973), occurs when targets are followed by a mask comprising of broadly similar features to the target?
(A)Deterministic
(B)Brightness
(C)Seismic
(D)Confirmation
(E)Pattern

Question 5

Iconic memory is a key element of which memory system?
(A)Long-term
(B)Short-term
(C)Episodic
(D)Sensory
(E)Semantic

Question 6

According to Sperling (1960), how many items could people keep in sensory memory?
(A)Two or three
(B)Four or five
(C)Five or six
(D)Six or seven
(E)Eight or nine

Question 7

According to Sperling (1963), What effect did bright lights during testing intervals have on performance?
(A)Had no effect
(B)Increased capacity
(C)Increased accuracy
(D)Caused drowsiness
(E)Impaired performance

Question 8

Crowder and Morton proposed which of the following stores to account for the auditory recency effect?
(A)Precategorical acoustic
(B)Postprocessing audition
(C)Visuospatial sketchpad
(D)Perceptive loop
(E)Acoustic priming

Question 9

Bartlett (1932)is famous for utilizing which of the following to study memory and the rememberer's "effort after meaning?"
(A)Nonsense syllables
(B)Folk tales
(C)Visual illusions
(D)Visual masks
(E)Placebos

Question 10

Echoic memory refers to which sensory modality?
(A)Smell
(B)Vision
(C)Taste
(D)Hearing
(E)Extrasensory

Question 11

Introspection refers to the capacity to do which of the following?
(A)Select a random sample
(B)Record from an individual neuron
(C)Reflect and report on ongoing thoughts
(D)Repress unwanted thoughts
(E)Formulate an animal model of memory

Question 12

Which branch of psychology, developed in 1930s Germany, largely applied ideas from the study of perception to the understanding of human memory?
(A)Freudianism
(B)Behaviorism
(C)Gestalt
(D)Connectionism
(E)Phrenology

Question 13

The modal mode of memory assumed:
(A)Long-term memories cannot be retrieved into the short-term store
(B)A single memory system
(C)Only simple stimulus-response associations
(D)Memory cannot be studied empirically
(E)Sensory systems provide the interface between perception and memory

Question 14

From the highest to lowest, what is the correct order of these levels according to reductionism?
(A)Social behavior, biochemistry, cognition, physics, physiology
(B)Cognition, social behavior, physiology, biochemistry, physics
(C)Social behavior, cognition, biochemistry, physiology, physics
(D)Physiology, biochemistry, cognition, social behavior, physics
(E)Social behavior, cognition, physiology, biochemistry, physics

Question 15

What term refers to Bartlett's idea of how our memories are structured?
(A)Schema
(B)Model
(C)Node
(D)Store
(E)Map

Question 16

Who is credited as inventing what has come to be known as the nonsense syllable to study memory experimentally?
(A)Hull
(B)Freud
(C)Piaget
(D)Ebbinghaus
(E)Tolman

Question 17

Which element of Clive Wearing's memory remained relatively intact?
(A)Episodic memory formation
(B)Delayed recall
(C)Memory for music
(D)Associative memory encoding
(E)Declarative memory formation

Question 18

Who of the following is most associated with early information-processing accounts of memory?
(A)Bartlett
(B)Broadbent
(C)Tulving
(D)Hull
(E)Tolman

Question 19

Who devised the concept of cognitive maps in rats?
(A)Edward Tolman
(B)Endel Tulving
(C)Herman Ebbinghaus
(D)Clark Hull
(E)Alan Baddeley

Question 20

How did Clive Wearing acquire brain damage?
(A)Bike accident
(B)Car accident
(C)Encephalitis
(D)Syphilis
(E)Epilepsy

Question 21

Warrington and Weiskrantz (1968)demonstrated that which type of learning was preserved in densely amnesic patients under certain conditions?
(A)Autobiographical
(B)Explicit
(C)Retroactive
(D)Perserverative
(E)Implicit

Question 22

Endel Tulving (1972)highlighted a distinction between which forms of memory?
(A)Declarative and procedural
(B)Short-term and long-term
(C)Implicit and explicit
(D)Schemata and mental maps
(E)Semantic and episodic

Question 23

The modal mode of memory assumed:
(A)Long-term memories cannot be retrieved into the short-term store
(B)A single memory system
(C)Only simple stimulus-response associations
(D)Memory cannot be studied empirically
(E)Sensory systems provide the interface between perception and memory

Question 24

Who devised the multicomponent model of working memory?
(A)Schacter
(B)Baddeley and Hitch
(C)Conrad
(D)Crowder and Raeburn
(E)Deutsch

Question 25

Ulric Neisser gave the opening address at an international conference in South Wales in the late 1970s primarily concerned with advancing the study of which aspect of memory?
(A)Practical
(B)Innate
(C)In vitro
(D)Computational
(E)Evolutionary

Question 26

Which element of Clive Wearing's memory remained relatively intact?
(A)Episodic memory formation
(B)Delayed recall
(C)Memory for how to play music
(D)Associative memory encoding
(E)Declarative memory formation

Question 27

Remembering to do things in the future is most associated with which form of memory?
(A)Foregoing
(B)Prospective
(C)Advanced
(D)Perspective
(E)Foremost