Deck 6: The Structure of Atoms

Question 1

According to Max Planck, at low temperatures, radiation with only relatively low frequencies is emitted, corresponding to low-energy quanta.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What is wavelength?

A) The number of horizontal troughs in a wave.
B) The number of vertical peaks in a wave.
C) The number of oscillations in a wave.
D) The distance between two points in a wave.
E) The distance travelled by a wave per unit time.

Answer 2

The distance between two points in a wave.

Question 3

Visible light has wavelengths between _____.

Answer 3

700 nm to 400nm

Question 4

Which of the following has the largest wavelength?

A) Gamma rays
B) Infrared rays
C) Ultraviolet rays
D) Microwaves
E) Radiowaves

Question 5

Electromagnetic radiation is transmitted through space by the periodic oscillations of _____.

Question 6

A laser pointer emits a deep red beam with a wavelength of 670 nm. What is the frequency of the deep red beam?

A) 894 Hz
B) 8.94 × 10¹⁴ Hz
C) 448 Hz
D) 4.48 × 10¹⁴ Hz
E) 6.70 × 10^-9 Hz

Question 7

The wavelength of radiation emitted by a substance is dependant on its composition.

Question 8

Gamma rays have the greatest energy and wavelength among all electromagnetic radiation.

Question 9

All electromagnetic radiation is propagated with the same _____.

Question 10

The frequency of a wave is directly proportional to the speed of the wave.

Question 11

The wavelength of a wave is the distance between a wave crest and the adjacent trough.

Question 12

Blackbody radiation is the radiation emitted by a body when it is heated.

Question 13

_____ is the SI unit for frequency which can also be represented as s^-1.

Question 14

If a wave has a wavelength of 3256 m and a frequency of 9.180 × 10⁴ s⁻¹, its velocity is _____ m/s.

A) 354.68
B) 3256
C) 2.998 × 10⁸
D) 29980
E) 3.540 × 10⁸

Question 15

Which of the following has the highest energy?

A) Radio waves
B) Infrared rays
C) Visible light
D) Ultraviolet rays
E) X-rays

Question 16

A wave is a periodic oscillation that transmits _____ through space.

Question 17

A wave belonging to the electromagnetic spectrum has a frequency of 440.0 MHz. What is its wavelength?

A) 0.6818 m
B) 2.880 m
C) 1.004 m
D) 0.006000 m
E) 1.442 m

Question 18

Electromagnetic waves can only be transmitted in the Earth's atmosphere.

Question 19

Write a note on the electromagnetic radiation and the electromagnetic spectrum.

Question 20

All forms of electromagnetic radiation have the same speed of transmission.

Question 21

The unit of the Planck's constant is _____.

Question 22

The ground state of an electron is associated with the lowest energy.

Question 23

What is the smallest possible unit of energy called?

A) Photon
B) Erg
C) Quark
D) Positron
E) Quantum

Question 24

A photon is a quantum of radiant energy possessing a particular energy.

Question 25

When a pure sample of an individual element is heated (as in a discharge tube), a continuous spectrum of electromagnetic radiation is emitted by the sample.

Question 26

Which of the following is true of the photoelectric effect?

A) The number of electrons emitted by a metallic surface is independent of the frequency of incident light.
B) The number of electrons emitted by a metallic surface is independent of the intensity of light at any frequency.
C) The number of electrons emitted by a metallic surface is directly proportional to the intensity of incident light above the threshold frequency.
D) The number of electrons emitted by a metallic surface is proportional to the frequency of incident light only below a certain light intensity.
E) The number of electrons emitted by a metallic surface is inversely proportional to the intensity and frequency of incident light.

Question 27

Explain Einstein's hypothesis to explain the photo electric effect.

Question 28

A crystal emits a light of wavelength 720.0 nm. What is the light's energy in joules of a mole photons

A) 4.164 × 10¹⁰ J/mol
B) 6.625 × 10 ^-34 J/mol
C) 1.661 × 10⁵ J/mol
D) 1.507 × 10¹⁵ J/mol
E) 41.120 × 10¹⁴ J/mol

Question 29

Above the threshold frequency of a metal, the amount of electrons emitted by the metal when light is incident on it is proportional to the _____ of the light.

Question 30

The Pfund series of lines are due to transitions from higher-energy orbits to orbits with n = 5.

Question 31

To explain the line emission spectra of hydrogen in the visible region, Balmer proposed the following formula . According to this formula for what value of n would the energy of the emitted wavelength be the greatest?

A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 6
E) 7

Question 32

What is the energy of a single photon emitted by a laser emitting light at 540.0 nm?

A) 3.679 × 10 ^-19 J
B) 6.625 × 10 ^-34 J
C) 4.312 × 10 ^-34 J
D) 1.806 × 10 ^-19 J
E) 5.418× 10 ^-19 J

Question 33

In the emission spectrum of hydrogen the Brackett series of lines corresponds to transition of electrons from the excited states to the n₁=4 orbit. What is the wavelength of the energy line n₂=9 in the Brackett series?

A) 1350 nm
B) 5.50 × 10⁵ nm
C) 1.09 nm
D) 1820 nm
E) 0.0123 m

Question 34

_____ is the frequency of light below which no electrons are emitted regardless of the light's intensity.

Question 35

According to the Niels Bohr's model of atom, the orbits of electrons are determined purely by the electrostatic forces within the atom.

Question 36

The _____ refers to the sharp decrease in the intensity of black body radiation emitted at shorter wavelengths.

Question 37

A(n) _____ is a quantum of radiant energy each with a particular energy E.

Question 38

Max Planck proposed that the energy of electromagnetic waves is continuous rather than quantized.

Question 39

Briefly explain the photoelectric effect. What is threshold frequency?

Question 40

To explain the line emission spectra of hydrogen in the visible region, Balmer proposed the following formula . According to this formula, which of the following is the possible value for n?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) -1
E) -3

Question 41

The minimum uncertainty in the position of a tennis ball weighting 125.0 g and traveling at a speed of 70.00 $\pm$ 1.000 mi/h is _____.

A) $\geq$ 6.626
$\times 10 ^ { - 34 } \mathrm {~m}$
B) $\geq$ 9.436
$\times 10 ^ { - 34 } \mathrm {~m}$
C) $\geq$ 1.666
$\times 10 ^ { - 34 } \mathrm {~m}$
D) $\geq$ 0.5345
$\times 10 ^ { - 34 } \mathrm {~m}$
E) $\geq$ 1.310
$\times 10 ^ { - 34 } \mathrm {~m}$

Question 42

Explain the working of a laser with an example.

Question 43

The wavelength of a tennis ball weighing 70.0 g and travelling at a speed of 40.0 miles/hour is _____.

A) 6.63 × 10³⁴ m
B) 1.252 × 10³⁴ m
C) 5.29 × 10^-34 m
D) 0.371 × 10^-34 m
E) 9.46 × 10^-34 m

Question 44

Explain Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom.

Question 45

What is the energy of the radiation required to excite an atom from the n₁=1 orbit to the n₂=4 orbit?

A) 1230 kJ/mol of photon
B) 3120 kJ/mol of photon
C) 122 kJ/mol of photon
D) 656 kJ/mol of photon
E) 434 kJ/mol of photon

Question 46

A(n)_____ is the point at which the amplitude of the wave is zero.

A) overtone
B) node
C) standing wave
D) fundamental point
E) still zone

Question 47

The energy level in an atom corresponding to n=5 will have a total of 5 nodes.

Question 48

A(n) _____ spectrum is a spectrum produced by the emission of light by atoms in excited states.

Question 49

A node is the point where the amplitude of a wave is zero.

Question 50

What is the de Broglie wavelength of a 20,000.0 pound jet fighter traveling at 1200.0 km/hr?

A) 0.1430 $\times 10 ^ { - 10 } \mathrm {~m}$
B) 2.191 $\times 10 ^ { -40 } \mathrm {~m}$
C) 2.191 $\times 10 ^ { -43 } \mathrm {~m}$
D) 1.879 $\times 10 ^ { - 37 } \mathrm {~m}$
E) 1.879 $\times 10 ^ { - 23 } \mathrm {~m}$

Question 51

In the emission spectrum of hydrogen, the Balmer series of lines corresponds to transition of electrons from the excited states to the n₁=1 orbit. What is the wavelength of the energy line n₂=4 in the Balmer series?

A) 97.2 nm
B) 486 nm
C) 434 nm
D) 1870 nm
E) 65.6 nm

Question 52

The Paschen series are due to transitions from higher-energy orbits to orbits with _____.

Question 53

What is the wavelength of a neutron (1.675 × 10^-27 kg) that is moving at 1.400 × 10^-7 m/s?

A) 3.96 × 10⁷ m
B) 7.98 × 10^-7 m
C) 2.83 m
D) 4.00 m
E) 4.50 × 10^-7 m

Question 54

A standing circular wave has a circumference of 2.734 units. Which of the following wavelengths would cause destructive interference of the wave?

A) 2.734 units
B) 5.468 units
C) 8.202 units
D) 12.303 units
E) 21.872 units

Question 55

The _____ state is the most stable arrangement of electrons for an element or a compound.

Question 56

A(n) _____ is any arrangement of electrons that is higher in energy than the ground state.

Question 57

The minimum uncertainty in the position of a neutron travelling at a speed of 2.2 km/s ± 0.1% is _____. Given: The weight of a neutron is 1.675 * 10^-27 kg.

A) $\geq$ 0.1430
$\times 10 ^ {- 7 } \mathrm {~m} / \mathrm { s }$
B) $\geq$ 0.1430
$\times 10 ^ { - 15 } \mathrm {~m} / \mathrm { s }$
C) $\geq$ 0.3106
$\times 10 ^ { 15 } \mathrm {~m} / \mathrm { s }$
D) $\geq$ 0.3106
$\times 10 ^ { 10 } \mathrm {~m} / \mathrm { s }$
E) $\geq$ 0.1430
$\times 10 ^ { - 10 } \mathrm {~m} / \mathrm { s }$

Question 58

What is the energy of the radiation used to excite the hydrogen atom from an n₁=2 state to an n₂=5 state?

A) 656 * 10^-19 J/photon
B) 9.73 * 10^-19 J/photon
C) 3.97 * 10^-19 J/photon
D) 8.54 * 10^-19 J/photon
E) 4.58 * 10^-19 J/photon

Question 59

A(n) _____ is a spectrum produced by the absorption of light by ground-state atoms.

Question 60

An overtone is the lowest-energy standing wave.

Question 61

If the maximum value for the Azimuthal quantum number in an atom is 5, then the principal quantum number is _____.

A) 4
B) -5
C) 0
D) -1
E) 6

Question 62

What is the de Broglie wavelength of an electron traveling at a velocity of 4.53 × 10⁶ m/s in a hydrogen atom? Given: Mass of an electron: 9.11 × 10^-31 kilograms

A) 2.26 × 10^-34 m
B) 9.10 × 10^-31 m
C) 4.78 × 10^-11 m
D) 6.74 × 10^-14 m
E) 1.61 × 10^-10 m

Question 63

Quantum mechanics predicts that in the hydrogen atom, all orbitals with the same value of n (e.g., the three 2p orbitals) are degenerate, meaning:

A) that they have similar looking shapes.
B) that they are similarly oriented in space.
C) that they have the same frequency.
D) that they have the same wavelength.
E) that they have the same energy.

Question 64

A wave function (Ψ) relates the location of an electron at a given point in space to the amplitude of its wave.

Question 65

Which of the following quantum numbers describes the orientation of the electron distribution in an atom?

A) n
B) s
C) l
D) k
E) m_l

Question 66

In Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom, an electron behaves like a(n) _____, a wave which does not travel through space.

Question 67

An electron in the outermost shell of a(n) _____ atom would experience the most amount of shielding.

A) chlorine
B) fluorine
C) iodine
D) hydrogen
E) astatine

Question 68

If the position of a particle is known absolutely, then the uncertainty in the momentum of the particle must be _____.

A) equal to its mass
B) equal to the Planck's constant
C) infinite
D) equal to the velocity of the particle
E) zero

Question 69

Write a note on de Broglie's explanation of constructive and destructive interference.

Question 70

Which of the following 3d orbitals has a distinct shape?

A) $3 d _ { z ^ { 2 } }$
B) $3 d _ { x y }$
C) $3 d _ { y z }$
D) $3 d _ { x ^ { 2 } - y ^ { 2 } }$
E) $3 d _ { z x }$

Question 71

The azimuthal quantum number (l) gives the average relative distance of an electron from the nucleus.

Question 72

If the azimuthal quantum number is 0, the magnetic quantum number can be only 0.

Question 73

s orbitals become larger as they extend farther from the nucleus.

Question 74

How many orbitals are in the principal shell with n = 2?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 75

A(n) _____ is the point where the amplitude of a wave is zero.

Question 76

According to de Broglie, an electron can be described by a wave whose wavelength is given by _____.

Question 77

A(n) _____ is the vibration of a standing wave that is higher in energy than the fundamental vibration.

Question 78

The _____ is a principle that matter and energy have properties typical of both waves and particles.

Question 79

A 3p_x orbital will have the same shape, size, and energy level as the _____ orbital.

A) 2s
B) 3s
C) 3p_y
D) 4p_x
E) 4p_y

Question 80

Write a note on Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.