Deck 8: The Impact of Information Technology on Society

Question 1

Effective use of CDS systems increases the quality of patient care but at the expense of rising healthcare costs.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Clinical decision support (CDS) is a process and a set of tools designed to enhance healthcare-related decision making through the use of clinical knowledge and patient-specific information to improve healthcare delivery.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Electronic medical records capture data on the total health of the patient and include more than just the standard clinical data collected in the provider's office thus enabling a broader view of a patient's care.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Natural language processing is an aspect of artificial intelligence that involves technology that allows computers to understand, analyze, manipulate, and/or generate "natural" languages, such as English.

Question 5

A PHR can exist either as a stand-alone application that allows information to be exported to or imported from other sources or as a "tethered" application connected to a specific healthcare organization's information system.

Question 6

Machine learning has contributed to the development of a much more in-depth understanding of the human genome as well as practical speech recognition, improved web search results, and self-driving cars.

Question 7

In the early days of IT in the 1960s, productivity improvements were difficult to measure.

Question 8

Computers and robots can perform a wide range of routine physical work activities better, cheaper, faster, and more safely than humans.

Question 9

The information in an EHR is not easily shared with others outside of the healthcare organization where the data originated.

Question 10

The development and use of new medical technology, such as new diagnostic procedures and treatments, also contributes to the increase in healthcare spending per person.

Question 11

In hospital-related settings, implementing CPOE is associated with a 10 percent decline in preventable adverse drug effects.

Question 12

Since businesses implemented automated payroll systems, fewer accounting employees are needed.

Question 13

The standard of living varies greatly among groups within a country as well as from nation to nation.

Question 14

Lifestyle changes have led to a decrease in chronic illnesses, such as diabetes and heart disease, that are expensive and difficult to treat.

Question 15

Machine learning is a branch of engineering that involves the development and manufacture of mechanical or computer devices that can perform tasks that require a high degree of precision or that are tedious or hazardous for human beings.

Question 16

Labor productivity is measured by the annual revenue an employee generates divided by the employee's annual salary.

Question 17

More advanced artificial-intelligence-based clinical decision support systems can help doctors choose the proper dosage levels of medication based on a patient's most recent tests results.

Question 18

A computerized provider order entry (CPOE) system enables physicians to place orders (for drugs, laboratory tests, radiology, physical therapy) electronically, with the orders transmitted directly to the recipient.

Question 19

It usually takes less than two years for IT investment to result in a significant increase in productivity in large firms.

Question 20

The types of work-related activities best suited for automation include activities associated with managing others, applying expertise in making decisions and offering recommendations, interacting with stakeholders, and performing physical activities in an unstructured and unpredictable environment.

Question 21

Which of the following systems include the people, procedures, hardware, software, data, and knowledge needed to develop computer systems and machines that simulate human intelligence processes?

A)automated machine systems
B)natural language systems
C)clinical decision support systems
D)artificial intelligence systems

Question 22

Advances in which of the following areas are fundamentally changing the way work gets done and have the potential to affect the tasks, roles, and responsibilities of most workers?

A)artificial intelligence
B)cell phones
C)personal digital assistants
D)laptop computers

Question 23

What type of artificial intelligence involves computer programs that can learn some task and improve performance with experience?

A)machine learning
B)robotics
C)natural language processing
D)electronic medial record

Question 24

Today most radiologists employ a personal health record system to review cases from a remote location.

Question 25

Researchers have found that it can take how long for IT investment to result in a significant increase in productivity?

A)less than three years
B)more than 10 years
C)five to seven years
D)only a few months

Question 26

A measure of economic performance that compares the amount of goods and services produced (output) with the number of labor hours used in producing those goods and services is known as which of the following?

A)labor innovation
B)outsourcing
C)labor productivity
D)workplace automation

Question 27

Which of the following involves the regular, ongoing, accurate measurement of an individual's vital signs and other health measures and the transmission of this data to a healthcare provider?

A)Store-and-forward telemedicine
B)Live telemedicine
C)Electronic consultation
D)Remote monitoring

Question 28

Remote monitoring involves the regular, ongoing, accurate measurement of an individual's vital signs and other health measures and the transmission of this data to a healthcare provider.

Question 29

IT investments may produce tangible results such as:

A)improved quality
B)improved reliability
C)cost savings
D)improved service

Question 30

Which of the following activities is least suited for automation?

A)physical tasks performed in highly structured environments
B)activities related to data collection and processing
C)activities associated with managing others
D)tasks in the accommodation and food service industries

Question 31

Almost every job has partial automation potential, and research suggests what percentage of human work activities could be automated using existing technology?

A)5 percent
B)15 percent
C)45 percent
D)85 percent

Question 32

Store-and-forward telemedicine involves acquiring data, sound, images, and video from a patient and then transmitting everything to a medical specialist for later evaluation.

Question 33

How often does The Bureau of Labor Statistics track U.S. productivity?

A)monthly
B)annual
C)semiannual
D)quarterly

Question 34

What type of system enables physicians to place orders electronically, with the order transmitted directly to the recipient?

A)telemedicine system
B)computerized provider order entry (CPOE) system
C)clinical decision support (CDS) system
D)health information exchange (HIE) system

Question 35

Innovation is a key factor in productivity improvement. Which of the following has played an important role in enabling innovation?

A)productivity
B)economy
C)research and statistics
D)information technology

Question 36

Which of the following involves acquiring data, sound, images, and video from a patient and then transmitting everything to a medical specialist for later evaluation?

A)Live telemedicine
B)Remote monitoring
C)Store-and-forward telemedicine
D)Inpatient consultation

Question 37

Live telemedicine requires the presence of patients and healthcare providers at the same site.

Question 38

Which of the following requires the presence of patients and healthcare providers at different sites at the same time and often involves a videoconference link between the two sites?

A)Store-and-forward telemedicine
B)Live telemedicine
C)Electronic consultation
D)Remote monitoring

Question 39

There are thousands of mobile applications available to improve patient's access to healthcare information and to enable doctors to keep a close watch on patients' conditions.

Question 40

An electronic medical record includes which of the following?

A)a patient's Medicare reimbursements
B)inpatient codes
C)audit trails of patient health information
D)a patient's immunization records

Question 41

Briefly explain the term labor productivity and how countries have been able to produce more goods and services over time.

Question 42

The primary areas where IT has been applied include all of the following except:

A)computerized patient records
B)clinical decision support
C)computerized provider order entry
D)medical language processing

Question 43

An example of robotics can be found in which of the following examples?

A)pattern recognition
B)device used to move heavy pallets
C)website product recommendations
D)detecting fraud

Question 44

Remote monitoring is also known as which of the following?

A)real-time telehealth
B)home monitoring
C)telenursing
D)live telemedicine

Question 45

Which aspect of artificial intelligence involves technology that allows computers to understand, analyze, manipulate, and/or generate English?

A)machine learning
B)robotics
C)natural language processing
D)electronic medial record

Question 46

Which process can reduce expensive redundant tests that are ordered because one provider does not have access to the clinical information stored at another provider's location?

A)electronic medical records processing
B)health information exchange
C)telehealth
D)clinical decision support

Question 47

Discuss how advances in artificial intelligence are fundamentally changing the way work gets done.

Question 48

Which of the following technologies employs electronic information processing and telecommunications to support at-a-distance health care, provide professional and patient health-related training, and support healthcare administration?

A)Health machine learning
B)Clinical decision support
C)Health Information Exchange
D)Telehealth

Question 49

Describe how machine learning has enabled the creation of self-driving cars.

Question 50

A comprehensive view of the patient's complete medical history designed to be shared with authorized providers and staff from more than one organization is known as which of the following?

A)EHR
B)HIE
C)PHR
D)EMR

Question 51

Which of the following helps physicians keep tabs on patients prone to life-threatening health crises?

A)Inpatient codes
B)Medical information Web sites
C)Remote monitoring
D)SMS texts

Question 52

It is difficult to quantify how much the use of IT has contributed to worker productivity because:

A)many other factors influence worker productivity rates besides IT
B)organizational efficiency tends to decrease despite increased investments in IT
C)all IT investments produce intangible benefits that cannot be analyzed
D)workers merely use the time provided by IT implementation to do some small tasks

Question 53

Briefly describe how store-and-forward telemedicine is being used in radiology today.

Question 54

One of the fundamental ways in which companies can try directly to increase productivity is by:

A)increasing the amount of input required to produce a given output
B)selling smaller quantities of goods to decrease capacity
C)decreasing the value of the output produced by a given amount of input
D)consolidating operations to better leverage economies of scale

Question 55

What is the name of the project at the Georgia Institute of Technology that uses stories to teach human values to robots?

A)Quixote
B)Watson
C)E.M.Rogers
D)McKinsey

Question 56

Briefly describe the differences between an electronic medical record (EMR) and an electronic health record (EHR).

Question 57

Which of the following examples is a use of wireless technology in the healthcare field?

A)provide the public access to a patient's medical history
B)provide access to Medicare and Medicaid reimbursements
C)transmit ECG data to a physician's smartphone
D)increase chances of duplicate care

Question 58

A process and a set of tools designed to enhance healthcare-related decision making through the use of clinical knowledge to improve healthcare delivery is known as which of the following?

A)clinical decision support
B)remote monitoring
C)store-and-forward telemedicine
D)live telemedicine

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT one of the three major components of machine learning systems?

A)the learner
B)a function
C)a model
D)parameters

Question 60

What is another name for a tethered PHR?

A)patient portal
B)health information exchange
C)electronic medical record
D)clinical decision support