Deck 9: Trauma and Delinquency

Question 1

______ grief occurs when a child cannot understand the death of a loved one and experiences very severe grief symptoms that lead to frightening thoughts and images of the deceased.

A) Dysfunctional
B) Morbid
C) Symptomatic
D) Traumatic

Answer 1

D

Question 2

After an inmate is raped for the first time, he or she is considered ______, meaning that they are fair game for further abuse.

A) broken in
B) initiated
C) primed and ready
D) turned out

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following refers to varied and multiple traumatic events, often occurring over time?

A) acute trauma
B) chronic trauma
C) complex trauma
D) definitive trauma

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Over the past 5 years, the majority of maltreatment victimizations have been ______.

A) emotional abuse cases
B) neglect cases
C) physical abuse cases
D) sexual abuse cases

Question 5

Over the last 5 years, a relatively small percentage--approximately 10%--of child maltreatment victims had a ______.

A) history of foster care placements
B) diagnosed mental disorder
C) prior record of delinquency
D) reported disability

Question 6

There is concern that reports of maltreatment (abuse and neglect) ______.

A) are useless estimates of the number of cases
B) contain cases of fraudulent reports
C) have been manipulated by agencies
D) underreport the number of victimizations

Question 7

The majority of children who witness a serious violent act between their parents or caregivers are under the age of ______.

A) 3
B) 6
C) 9
D) 11

Question 8

A small percentage--approximately 10%--of youthful offenders in state-operated and large locally or privately-operated juvenile facilities reported experiencing a(n) ______ during their first year of incarceration.

A) instance of discrimination by staff
B) mental breakdown
C) sexual victimization
D) violent attack

Question 9

Which of the following refers to a single traumatic event that is time limited (e.g., a dog bite)?

A) acute trauma
B) chronic trauma
C) complex trauma
D) definitive trauma

Question 10

Approximately one fifth of adolescents nationwide have lost a family member or close friend to ______.

A) abandonment
B) homicide
C) incarceration
D) suicide

Question 11

Which of the following can be defined as "exposure to more than one form of trauma?"

A) poly-confluence
B) poly-exposure
C) poly-tribulation
D) poly-victimization

Question 12

Ongoing sexual abuse of a child over an extended period of victimization is an example of ______.

A) acute trauma
B) chronic trauma
C) complex trauma
D) definitive trauma

Question 13

A national survey that used expanded maltreatment categories found that almost one-fifth of the population identified as victims of maltreatment or ______ as a child or adolescent.

A) extreme poverty
B) family disruption
C) parental abandonment
D) violent trauma

Question 14

The most significant risk factor for being victimized in an incarceration facility is ______.

A) a history of prior sexual abuse
B) being female
C) identifying as LGBT
D) lack of peer support

Question 15

Which of the following refers to the injuring or death of a child, not by accident?

A) complex trauma
B) neglect
C) maltreatment
D) physical abuse

Question 16

Which of the following refers to chronic acts or attitudes by caregivers that interferes with or impedes the psychological or social development of a child?

A) emotional abuse
B) neglect
C) maltreatment
D) physical abuse

Question 17

Which of the following is the least commonly reported type of child maltreatment?

A) emotional abuse
B) medical neglect
C) physical abuse
D) sexual abuse

Question 18

Those incarcerated youthful ______ offenders were more than five times more likely than other youth to report being victimized by another youthful offender.

A) Black
B) female
C) LGBT
D) male

Question 19

Over the last 5 years, approximately 24% of victims of child maltreatment were ______.

A) under the age of 1
B) under the age 5
C) between 5 and 10
D) over the age of 10

Question 20

Adolescent girls are twice as likely as boys to report experiencing at least one instance of ______.

A) delinquent adjudication
B) parental death
C) sexual assault
D) violent trauma

Question 21

Female children are at a greater risk of maltreatment than are male children.

Question 22

On average, maltreated children enter early primary school grades ______ behind on academic performance.

A) one-quarter year
B) one-half year
C) three quarters of a year
D) 1 year

Question 23

Bullying is a common experience for children and adolescents, with many of these victimizations occurring ______.

A) at home
B) in highly public places
C) on school grounds
D) with an adult present

Question 24

National data on bullying across schools ______.

A) have been collected since the 1970s
B) are highly variable in its findings
C) overestimate the number of bullying incidents
D) were not collected until the mid-2000s

Question 25

There are three main types of bullying: physical, social and ______.

A) criminal
B) developmental
C) extracurricular
D) verbal

Question 26

Which of the following is true of bullying incidents of LGBT students?

A) the majority of LGBT students experience harassment
B) the majority of LGBT students experienced a physical attack
C) the majority of bullying incidents against LGBT students are reported to school authorities
D) the majority of LGBT students report feeling safe at school

Question 27

In the United States, Black and Latino families are more than twice as likely as White families to experience ______.

A) conflict
B) family dysfunction
C) poverty
D) sexual victimization

Question 28

One symptom of PTSD, ______, is defined as abnormally increased arousal, responsiveness to stimuli, and scanning of the environment for threats.

A) hyperactivity
B) hyperalertness
C) hypercondria
D) hypervigilance

Question 29

Repeated traumatic experiences have been found to double the risk for psychiatric disorders, and this risk lasts for up to ______ after the traumas.

A) 2 years
B) 3 years
C) 4 years
D) 5 years

Question 30

Older adolescents, particularly those with longer histories of maltreatment victimization, are often three or four grade levels behind in reading abilities and ______.

A) have significant deficiencies in math abilities
B) have limited reasoning abilities
C) have to repeat at least one grade
D) have to change schools often

Question 31

Decades of research has shown the link between poverty and ______.

A) creative potential of the child
B) delinquent involvement
C) educational achievement
D) physiological adjustment

Question 32

PTSD stands for ______.

A) poly-traumatic symptom disorder
B) post-traumatic stress disorder
C) post-traumatic symptom disorder
D) poly-traumatic stress disorder

Question 33

In 2013, nearly one fourth of children reported ______, often for protective reasons.

A) carrying a weapon in school
B) joining a gang
C) running away
D) skipping school

Question 34

Neglect does not include situations where the child is not provided with necessary medical care.

Question 35

Most adolescents who become involved with the juvenile court system and are adjudicated delinquent have significant traumatic and maltreatment backgrounds.

Question 36

The most recent nationally representative study found that approximately 5% of adolescents aged 13-18 met the criteria for ______ during their lifetime.

A) anxiety
B) depression
C) PTSD
D) schizophrenia

Question 37

There are four symptom categories of PTSD: intrusion, negative alterations in cognition and mood, alterations in arousal and reactivity, and ______.

A) acceptance
B) accountability
C) avarice
D) avoidance

Question 38

The term ______ has been used to describe the ability of some youths to withstand the challenge of traumatic victimizations and experiences without sustaining harmful long-term consequences.

A) resurgency
B) resiliency
C) resonance
D) reduction

Question 39

Which of the following is true of PTSD?

A) It does not occur in children under the age of 5.
B) The different reactions, stressors, and symptoms may vary over time.
C) There is unlikely to be a delay between trauma and symptoms.
D) Older children may become extra needy and avoid isolating situations.

Question 40

Both one-time and ongoing victimizations can be sufficiently traumatic to predispose children to poor young adult trajectories and outcomes.

Question 41

Describe the effects of maltreatment on academic performance at both the primary school ages and the secondary school ages.

Question 42

Discuss the concept of bullying. What are the major types of bullying? What are the means by which adolescents and children are bullied? How common is bullying? Who is most likely to be bullied? What are the harmful effects of bullying?

Question 43

White youths are at greater risk (compared to minority youths) of being sexually victimized by another inmate.

Question 44

Discuss the concept of resiliency. What is resiliency? Why is it that some young people are more resilient to trauma experiences? Provide examples of protective factors that contribute to resiliency.

Question 45

In 2013, more people were homicide victims than were suicide victims.

Question 46

Having certain traumatic experiences exposes a youth to a much greater risk of another trauma.

Question 47

Delinquency pathways and trauma victimization experiences are the same for adolescent males and females.

Question 48

When researchers have expanded the definitions of trauma victimizations, a less accurate count of maltreatment was the result.

Question 49

The greater the number and severity of the traumatic experiences, often the greater the impairment for adolescents.

Question 50

Discuss the various types of maltreatment. Be sure to define the official, legal categories as well as how maltreatment can be classified according to the duration of the maltreatment (i.e., different forms of trauma). You should provide examples of each type of maltreatment/trauma.

Question 51

Within delinquent populations, boys are more likely than girls to have been victims of sexual abuse.

Question 52

Discuss the concept of Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). What are the symptoms of PTSD? How is PTSD diagnosed? What is hypervigilance? What is the prevalence of PTSD among children and adolescents?

Question 53

It is estimated that between 8% and 10% of adolescents have been a victim of sexual assault before the age of eighteen.

Question 54

Once young people become involved with the juvenile justice (and adult criminal) system, the risk for abuse and assault decreases dramatically.

Question 55

Evidence to date cannot conclusively find that maltreatment effects for females are greater when compared to males in delinquency development; though the impact of abuse and neglect is different.

Question 56

Physical abuse is defined by state law, with few commonalities across the states.