Deck 8: Services and Labor

Question 1

Dispute settlements related to GATS are governed by the Fact-Finding and Conciliation Commission on Freedom of Association.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The International Labor Office functions as the secretariat for the International Labor Organization.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a leading treaty among several nations, which deals with labor issues.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The EU's freedom of movement for workers is an absolute right for all citizens in the EU.

Question 5

Only the Council of Europe has the power to sanction transnational labor unions in Europe.

Question 6

Recommendations are issued by the ILO when there is no consensus on the subject at hand.

Question 7

The Framework Agreement for GATS does not define what a service sector is.

Question 8

The NAFTA provides MFN provisions for trade in services sectors.

Question 9

GATS members can list limitations on the number of natural persons that may be employed in a particular service sector in Schedule of Specific Commitments.

Question 10

The Administrative Tribunal of the ILO does not have the power to order an IGO to undertake an action it has not begun on its own.

Question 11

The Framework Agreement for GATS lays out the scope and definition of GATS.

Question 12

The International Labor Organization is responsible for enforcing the European Convention on Human Rights of 1950.

Question 13

The GATS covers trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights.

Question 14

The GATS does not allow exceptions to the MFN treatment rule.

Question 15

Regulation 1612/68 limits the right of a worker to take up and pursue employment within any of the EU states.

Question 16

The operation of GATS is overseen by WTO's Council for Trade in Services.

Question 17

An Italian woman opening a restaurant in England is exercising her right of establishment under the EC Treaty.

Question 18

The GATS provides a provision for a departure from the principle of national treatment to ensure that direct taxes may be effectively collected on services.

Question 19

The special list compiled by the Conference Committee of the ILO consists of the list of those member states that have entered into free trade agreements with some other states.

Question 20

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights protects laborers from being compelled to join an association.

Question 21

The ________ is a GATS requirement that its member states accord immediately and unconditionally to services and service suppliers of other members' treatment that is no less beneficial than that it accords to like services and service suppliers of any other state.

A) foreseeability standard
B) ultra vires rule
C) transparency provision
D) most-favored-nation treatment

Question 22

All states limit the number of permanent visas that they grant to immigrants.

Question 23

The Treaty Establishing the European Community and the ________ of 2010 are the principal sources of law in the EU, pertaining to business between and among its member states.

A) Multilateral Agreement on Investment
B) Lisbon Treaty
C) Trade and Investment Framework Agreement
D) Free Trade Agreement

Question 24

The Framework Agreement has a provision that authorizes an exception to the MFN treatment rule when the difference in treatment is the result of ________.

A) a member granting monopoly status to a service supplier
B) an agreement for the avoidance of double taxation
C) adopting the guidelines specified by the Council on Trade in Services
D) a member retaining restrictive laws governing services

Question 25

The operation of GATS is overseen by the ________ made up of representatives of all WTO member states.

A) World Bank
B) International Monetary Fund
C) Trade Negotiations Committee
D) Council for Trade in Services

Question 26

Apart from a Presidentially granted exception, the only means by which an American can lawfully leave the country or return to it is with a passport.

Question 27

Which of the following terms refers to a GATS requirement that a WTO member state accord to services and service suppliers of other member states treatment no less favorable than that listed in its GATS Schedule of Specific Commitments?

A) nolo contendere rule
B) ultra vires rule
C) market access
D) national treatment

Question 28

The ________ came into effect on January 1, 1995, as one of the three main multilateral annexes to the Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization.

A) General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)
B) Central European Free Trade Agreement
C) Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA)
D) Alpine Convention

Question 29

The ________ in GATS requires member states to publish, prior to their entry into force, all of their national measures and international agreements that affect their obligations under GATS.

A) ultra vires rule
B) foreseeability standard
C) most-favored-nation treatment
D) transparency provision

Question 30

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights proclaims that every individual has the right to own a passport.

Question 31

Student visas do not come under the Visa Waiver Program in the United States.

Question 32

Which of the following is present in the GATS Framework Agreement?

A) the terms, limitations, and conditions that can be placed on market access
B) the sectoral annexes that deal with issues unique to particular economic sectors
C) the list of service sectors that members are willing to open to the markets
D) the general obligations and disciplines to be followed by member states

Question 33

The Framework Agreement covers all trade in services in any sector except those ________.

A) delivered in businesses involving international trade
B) supplied in the exercise of governmental functions
C) rendered in any bank related transactions
D) provided by private businesses within a country

Question 34

Which of the following is governed by GATS?

A) trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights
B) trade in goods
C) temporary services rendered by laborers
D) laws governing the permanent employment of natural persons

Question 35

GATS requires its member states to ensure that their domestic regulations affecting trade in services are administered in a reasonable, objective, and impartial manner and as soon as the ________ adopts harmonizing guidelines in these areas, it will require them to bring their practices into compliance with those guidelines.

A) Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
B) Trade Negotiations Committee
C) Council on Trade in Services
D) Council for Trade in Goods

Question 36

In the United States, the H-1B visas are allocated to highly skilled professionals, engineers, and software experts to work with U.S. companies.

Question 37

Which of the following is true of the Council for Trade in Services?

A) It is meant to function within the framework of the WTO.
B) It is an independent body with no direct affiliation with any other international trade organizations.
C) It develops the sectoral annexes that deal with issues unique to particular economic sectors.
D) It lays out general obligations and disciplines of member states of IMF.

Question 38

Which of the following terms refers to a GATS requirement that a WTO member state accord to services and service suppliers of other member states treatment no less favorable than what the member grants its own like services and service suppliers?

A) nolo contendere rule
B) market access
C) national treatment
D) foreseeability standard

Question 39

Which of the following components of the GATS agreement deal(s) with issues unique to particular economic sectors, such as financial services and telecommunications?

A) the Framework Agreement
B) the sectoral annexes
C) the Schedules of Specific Commitments
D) the appendices

Question 40

Under which of the following conditions, a member nation can apply restrictions on international transfers and payments for current transactions even though they are typically forbidden by GATS?

A) The member nation is in transition to a market economy.
B) The member nation wants to grant monopoly rights to a service supplier.
C) The member nation wishes to not adopt the guidelines of the Council on Trade in Services.
D) The member nation has been granted MFN status by another country.

Question 41

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) differs from the GATS in that NAFTA ________.

A) does not impose the national treatment requirement on its members
B) does not provide the right to have the international standard of care doctrine applied to expropriations
C) does not deal with services but rather by sectors
D) does not have provisions for annexes

Question 42

A person who is ________ is most likely to seek a permanent visa from the host nation.

A) studying as an exchange student
B) officially representing another country
C) visiting a country as a tourist
D) applying for nationalization

Question 43

Which of the following is true of the Governing Body of the ILO?

A) It functions as the legislative body of the ILO.
B) It functions as the judicial body of the ILO.
C) It functions as the executive body of the ILO.
D) It functions as the secretariat of the ILO.

Question 44

________ of the EC Treaty grants the EU Council the power to "adopt such measures in the field of social security as are necessary to provide freedom of movement for workers."

A) Article 42
B) Article 39
C) Article 39(2)
D) Article 40

Question 45

The legislative body of the ILO, made up of representatives from government, labor, and management from each member state is referred to as the ________.

A) General Assembly
B) General Conference
C) Security Council
D) Secretariat

Question 46

In 1968, the Council of Ministers enacted ________ to implement the EC Treaty Provisions on the free movement of workers.

A) Directive 68/360
B) Regulation 161/68
C) the Convention Concerning Freedom of Association
D) the Convention Concerning the Application of the Principles of the Right to Organize and to Bargain Collectively

Question 47

The ILO's Convention Concerning Freedom of Association ________.

A) grants governments the right to prohibit workers from joining certain unions
B) grants workers the right to form trade unions free from governmental interference
C) protects workers from antiunion discrimination
D) protects unions from employer domination

Question 48

Which of the following are sponsored by the ILO when there is substantial agreement in the international community about a particular labor practice?

A) supplementations
B) justifications
C) recommendations
D) conventions

Question 49

The ________ is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for promoting international efforts to improve working conditions, living standards, and the equitable treatment of workers worldwide.

A) International Labor Organization
B) International Centre for Trade Union Rights
C) Fair Labor Association
D) International Labor Rights Fund

Question 50

Which of the following is a similarity between the Governing Body and the General Conference of the ILO?

A) Both of them function as the secretariat of the ILO.
B) Both of them have the power to adopt recommendations.
C) Both of them have the power to approve conventions.
D) Both of them consist of a tripartite representation of government, labor, and employer.

Question 51

Which of the following is true of NAFTA members' right to change the limitations on their sectoral list?

A) They cannot make it more restrictive than it is.
B) They cannot make additional changes once it has been ratified.
C) They can only make it more restrictive than it is.
D) They can make it either more or less restrictive than it is.

Question 52

The Treaty Establishing the European Community (EC Treaty) is meant to promote ________.

A) the private individual's liability for violations of international law
B) the use of the most-favored-nation (MFN) treatment within the EU member states
C) the use of Special Drawing Rights within the EU member states
D) the comprehensive economic integration of EU member states

Question 53

GATS differs from NAFTA in that GATS _______.

A) specifically defines four basic modes of supply
B) does not allow its members to make their sector list restrictive
C) does not grant non-members the right to be free from performance requirements
D) does not deal with services generally, but rather by sectors.

Question 54

Together with the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), the Governing Body established in 1950 a nine-member Fact-Finding and Conciliation Commission to ________.

A) analyze submissions of cases involving unratified treaties
B) create summaries of the information contained in the member states' reports
C) consider complaints involving violations of the two freedom of association conventions
D) make a list of member states that have defaulted on their obligations to the ILO

Question 55

Which of the following workers' rights overlaps between the European Convention on Human Rights and the European Social Charter?

A) Every worker has the opportunity to earn his living in an occupation freely entered upon.
B) Every worker has the right to benefit from social welfare services.
C) Every worker has the right to join trade unions for the protection of his interest.
D) All workers and their dependents have the right to social security.

Question 56

Which of the following is true of the Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations?

A) It consists of individuals who are not biased toward any groups or governments.
B) Its members are appointed by the General Conference of the ILO.
C) It's members are drawn from government representatives of each member state.
D) It reviews the recommendations made by the Conference Committee on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations at the General Conference.

Question 57

Which of the following is true of labor restrictions that can be placed on newly joined members under the EU?

A) that all restrictions have to be lifted after the first five years from joining
B) that the restrictions can be extended for two more years after the first five years of joining
C) that the restrictions can only be added on the first two years after joining
D) that the freedom of movement of workers is an absolute right for all Europeans upon joining the EU

Question 58

Which of the following is the main function of the ILO Conference Committee on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations?

A) to create summaries of the information contained in the member states' reports
B) to make a list of member states that have defaulted on their obligations to the ILO
C) to analyze submissions of cases involving unratified treaties
D) to evaluate the extent to which the parties have complied with their obligations

Question 59

Under the EC Treaty, the right of member state nationals and firms to settle permanently and carry on a business throughout the EU is known as the ________.

A) foreseeability standard
B) freedom to provide services
C) right to participation
D) right of establishment

Question 60

Which of the following are issued by the ILO to solve those problems that have no consensus or when the subject matter is too complex?

A) supplementations
B) justifications
C) recommendations
D) conventions

Question 61

Which of the following is a type of regulation against hiring foreign workers?

A) most-preferred-nation treatment
B) ultra vires rule
C) percentile legislation
D) nolo contendere

Question 62

Which of the following cases would specifically fall under the special cases category when being prioritized for permanent visa application in the United States?

A) an alien who is a citizen of one of the NAFTA countries
B) an alien who has entered the United States using the Visa Waiver Program
C) an alien who is doing business in the United States
D) an alien who is seeking political asylum in the United States

Question 63

Describe the significance of the transnational labor organizations in the EU.

Question 64

Describe the International Labor Office's institutional structure.

Question 65

Which of the following categories can claim priority while applying for a permanent visa as established by the U.S. Immigration and Nationality Act?

A) aliens who have dual citizenships
B) aliens who don't have family members of American citizens
C) aliens with special skills
D) aliens who have entered the United States using the Visa Waiver Program

Question 66

Describe the significance of the international labor standards established by the ILO.

Question 67

Discuss the similarities between the provisions for trade-in-services in the GATS and NAFTA?

Question 68

Explain the procedure for settling disputes between ILO members.

Question 69

Which of the following is true of the Visa Waiver Program?

A) It allows tourists to stay in a host nation for a limited time without a visa.
B) It allows tourists to stay indefinitely without a visa in a host nation.
C) It allows tourists to travel without passports.
D) It is a form of approval given to immigrant that has been nationalized.

Question 70

What are visas? How many types of visas are allowed with respect to duration?

Question 71

Describe the significance of the Schedule of Specific Commitments. List the categories that a member can apply on sectors mentioned in its Schedule of Specific Commitments?

Question 72

What are the basic parameters of GATS laid out in the Framework Agreement?

Question 73

Visas are different from passports in that visas _______.

A) cannot be obtained after entering the host nation
B) are limited by time
C) are issued by the host nation
D) cannot be used to acquire nationalization

Question 74

Briefly explain the how the Treaty Establishing the European Community influences employment laws in Europe.

Question 75

How is trade in service defined under the GATS?