Deck 5: Risk Management

Question 1

According to Sun Tzu, if you know yourself and know your enemy, you have an average chance to be successful in an engagement.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

If the acceptance strategy is used to handle every vulnerability in the organization, its managers may be unable to conduct proactive security activities and may portray an apathetic approach to security in general.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

You should adopt naming standards that do not convey information to potential system attackers.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

​The threats-vulnerabilities-assets (TVA) worksheet is a document that shows a comparative ranking of prioritized assets against prioritized threats, with an indication of any vulnerabilities in the asset/threat pairings.

Question 5

To determine if the risk to an information asset is acceptable or not, you estimate the expected loss the organization will incur if the risk is exploited.

Question 6

The value of information to the organization's competition should influence the asset's valuation.

Question 7

In addition to their other responsibilities, the three communities of interest are responsible for determining which control options are cost effective for the organization.

Question 8

In a cost-benefit analysis, a single loss expectancy (SLE) is the calculated value associated with the most likely loss from an attack; the SLE is the product of the asset's value and the annualized loss expectancy.

Question 9

Within a data classification scheme, "comprehensive" means that an information asset should fit in only one category.

Question 10

When it is necessary to calculate, estimate, or derive values for information assets, you might give consideration to the value incurred from the cost of protecting the information.

Question 11

Identifying human resources, documentation, and data information assets of an organization is less difficult than identifying hardware and software assets.

Question 12

Knowing yourself means identifying, examining, and understanding the threats facing the organization.

Question 13

When determining the relative importance of each asset, refer to the organization's mission statement or statement of objectives to determine which elements are essential, which are supportive, and which are merely adjuncts.

Question 14

A data classification scheme is a formal access control methodology used to assign a level of
availability to an information asset and thus restrict the number of people who can access it.

Question 15

The defense control strategy is the risk control strategy that attempts to eliminate or reduce any remaining uncontrolled risk through the application of additional controls and safeguards, but it is not the preferred approach to controlling risk.

Question 16

Residual risk is the risk that has not been removed, shifted, or planned for after vulnerabilities have been completely resolved.

Question 17

The upper management of an organization must structure the IT and information security functions to defend the organization's information assets.

Question 18

Risk control is the application of controls that reduce the risks to an organization's information assets to an acceptable level.

Question 19

You cannot use qualitative measures to rank information asset values.

Question 20

A security clearance is a component of a data classification scheme that assigns a status level to systems to designate the maximum level of classified data that may be stored on them.

Question 21

Process-based measures are performance measures that are focused on numbers and are less strategic than metric-based measures.

Question 22

Operational feasibility is an assessment of whether the organization can acquire the technology necessary to implement and support the proposed control.

Question 23

Each of the threats faced by an organization must be evaluated, including determining the threat's potential to endanger the organization, which is known as a threat prioritization. _________________________

Question 24

Best business practices are often called recommended practices.

Question 25

Risk mitigation is the process of assigning a risk rating or score to each information asset. _________________________

Question 26

The results from risk assessment activities can be delivered in a number of ways: a report on a systematic approach to risk control, a project-based risk assessment, or a topic-specific risk assessment.

Question 27

Cost-benefit analyses (CBAs) cannot be calculated after controls have been functioning for a time, as observation over time prevents precision in evaluating the benefits of the safeguard and determining whether it is functioning as intended.

Question 28

Organizations should communicate with system users throughout the development of the security program, letting them know that changes are coming, and reduce resistance to these expected changes through communication, education, and involvement.

Question 29

Some information security experts argue that it is virtually impossible to determine the true value of information and information-bearing assets.

Question 30

Baselining is the comparison of past security activities and events against the organization's current performance.

Question 31

Within data classification schemes, it is important that all categories used be classified and mutually exclusive. _________________________

Question 32

Likelihood is the probability that a specific vulnerability within an organization will be the target of an attack. _________________________

Question 33

TVA safeguard risk is a combined function of (1) a threat less the effect of threat-reducing safeguards, (2) a vulnerability less the effect of vulnerability-reducing safeguards, and (3) an asset less the effect of asset value-reducing safeguards. _________________________

Question 34

A best practice proposed for a small to medium-sized business will be similar to one used to help design control strategies for a large multinational company.

Question 35

Pervasive risk is the amount of risk that remains to an information asset even after the organization has applied its desired level of controls. _________________________

Question 36

One way to determine which information assets are valuable is by evaluating which information asset(s) would expose the company to liability or embarrassment if revealed. _________________________

Question 37

Risk control is the enumeration and documentation of risks to an organization's information assets. _________________________

Question 38

Risk acceptance defines the quantity and nature of risk that organizations are willing to accept as they evaluate the trade-offs between perfect security and unlimited accessibility. _________________________

Question 39

Establishing a competitive business model, method, or technique enables an organization to provide a product or service that is superior and creates a(n) competitive advantage. _________________________

Question 40

One advantage to benchmarking is that best practices change very little over time.

Question 41

The first phase of risk management is _________.

A)risk identification
B)design
C)risk control
D)risk evaluation

Question 42

A(n) disaster recovery plan includes the steps necessary to ensure the continuation of the organization when a disaster's scope or scale exceeds the ability of the organization to restore operations, usually through relocation of critical business functions to an alternate location. _________________________

Question 43

Operational feasibility is also known as behavioral feasibility. _________________________

Question 44

Cost mitigation ​is the process of preventing the financial impact of an incident by implementing a control. _________________________

Question 45

The most common example of a mitigation procedure is a contingency plan. _________________________

Question 46

Within organizations, the most important feasibility is technical feasibility, which defines what can and cannot occur based on the consensus and relationships between the communities of interest. _________________________

Question 47

The mitigation control strategy attempts to reduce the impact of a successful attack through planning and preparation. _________________________

Question 48

Exposure factor is the expected percentage of loss that would occur from a particular attack. _________________________

Question 49

_________ addresses are sometimes called electronic serial numbers or hardware addresses.

A)HTTP
B)IP
C)DHCP
D)MAC

Question 50

Benchmarking is the process of comparing other organizations' activities against the practices used in one's own organization to produce results it would like to duplicate. _________________________

Question 51

The computed value of the ALE compares the costs and benefits of a particular control alternative to determine whether the control is worth its cost. _________________________

Question 52

In information security, benchmarking is the comparison of past security activities and events against the organization's current performance. _________________________

Question 53

Process-based measures are comparisons based on observed numerical data, such as numbers of successful attacks. _________________________

Question 54

The concept of competitive _________ refers to falling behind the competition.

A)disadvantage
B)drawback
C)failure
D)shortcoming

Question 55

Security efforts that seek to provide a superior level of performance in the protection of information are referred to as best business practices. _________________________

Question 56

A(n) qualitative assessment is based on characteristics that do not use numerical measures. _________________________

Question 57

Risk _________ defines the quantity and nature of risk that organizations are willing to accept as they evaluate the trade-offs between perfect security and unlimited accessibility.

A)benefit
B)appetite
C)acceptance
D)avoidance

Question 58

Sometimes a risk assessment report is prepared for a specific IT project at the request of the project manager, either because it is required by organizational policy or because it is good project management practice. _________________________

Question 59

Loss event frequency is the combination of an asset's value and the percentage of it that might be lost in an attack. _________________________

Question 60

Risk _________ is the application of security mechanisms to reduce the risks to an organization's data and information systems.

A)management
B)control
C)identification
D)security

Question 61

Some people search trash and recycling bins-a practice known as _________-to retrieve information that could embarrass a company or compromise information security.

A)shoulder surfing
B)dumpster diving
C)pretexting
D)corporate espionage

Question 62

A(n) _________ is an authorization issued by an organization for the repair, modification, or update of a piece of equipment.

A)IP
B)FCO
C)CTO
D)HTTP

Question 63

The __________ control strategy attempts to shift risk to other assets, other processes, or other organizations.

A)transference
B)defense
C)acceptance
D)mitigation

Question 64

__________ plans usually include all preparations for the recovery process, strategies to limit losses during the disaster, and detailed steps to follow when the smoke clears, the dust settles, or the flood waters recede.

A)IR
B)DR
C)BC
D)BR

Question 65

The _________ control strategy attempts to eliminate or reduce any remaining uncontrolled risk through the application of additional controls and safeguards.

A)termination
B)defense
C)transference
D)mitigation

Question 66

The formal decision-making process used when considering the economic feasibility of implementing information security controls and safeguards is called a(n) __________.

A)ARO
B)CBA
C)ALE
D)SLE

Question 67

The __________ strategy is the choice to do nothing to protect a vulnerability and to accept the outcome of its exploitation.

A)defense
B)transference
C)mitigation
D)acceptance

Question 68

Federal agencies such as the NSA, FBI, and CIA use specialty classification schemes. For materials that are not considered "National Security Information," __________ data is the lowest-level classification.

A)sensitive
B)confidential
C)unclassified
D)public

Question 69

The calculation of the likelihood of an attack coupled with the attack frequency to determine the expected number of losses within a specified time range is called the __________.

A)loss frequency
B)annualized loss expectancy
C)likelihood
D)benefit of loss

Question 70

__________ is simply how often you expect a specific type of attack to occur.

A)ARO
B)CBA
C)ALE
D)SLE

Question 71

A(n) _________ is a formal access control methodology used to assign a level of confidentiality to an information asset and thus restrict the number of people who can access it.

A)security clearance scheme
B)data recovery scheme
C)risk management scheme
D)data classification scheme

Question 72

_________ equals the probability of a successful attack multiplied by the expected loss from a successful attack plus an element of uncertainty.

A)Loss magnitude
B)Risk
C)Loss frequency
D)Loss

Question 73

The __________ plan specifies the actions an organization can and should take while an adverse event is in progress. An adverse event could result in loss of an information asset or assets, but it does not currently threaten the viability of the entire organization.

A)BC
B)DR
C)IR
D)BR

Question 74

In a(n) __________, assets or threats can be prioritized by identifying criteria with differing levels of importance, assigning a score for each of the criteria, and then summing and ranking those scores.

A)threat assessment
B)risk management program
C)weighted factor analysis
D)data classification scheme

Question 75

A _________ assigns a status level to employees to designate the maximum level of classified data they may access.

A)security clearance scheme
B)data recovery scheme
C)risk management scheme
D)data classification scheme

Question 76

Management of classified data includes its storage and _________.

A)distribution
B)portability
C)destruction
D)All of the above

Question 77

When organizations adopt security measures for a legal defense, they may need to show that they have done what any prudent organization would do in similar circumstances. This is referred to as __________.

A)baselining
B)best practices
C)benchmarking
D)standards of due care

Question 78

__________ feasibility analysis examines user acceptance and support, management acceptance and support, and the overall requirements of the organization's stakeholders.

A)Organizational
B)Technical
C)Operational
D)Political

Question 79

__________ is an asset valuation approach that uses categorical or non-numeric values rather than absolute numerical measures.

A)Qualitative assessment
B)A metric-centric model
C)Quantitative assessment
D)A value-specific constant

Question 80

The __________ is the difference between an organization's observed and desired performance.

A)performance gap
B)objective
C)issue delta
D)risk assessment