Question 1

Outside of contemporary Western thought, ______ is an important part of the definition of mothering in numerous cultural traditions.&#10;A) cleaning&#10;B) cooking&#10;C) wage-earning&#10;D) breast-feeding

Accepted Answer

Wage-earning is considered an important part of the definition of mothering in numerous cultural traditions outside of contemporary Western thought, as mothers often contribute to the family's income in various ways, reflecting broader definitions of caregiving and support.

Question 2

Coontz explains industrialization and urbanization trends contributed to what is often considered &#34;the modern family.&#34; First, describe what characteristics changed to make up the &#34;modern family&#34; compared to earlier families. Then, describe two populations of people who were overlooked in this definition and one way per group that they were affected by this change.

Accepted Answer

Varies. May include the following:&#10;-Modern family: smaller, lower fertility rates, revolved tightly around the nuclear core, creating separations between servants boarders, parents become more emotionally involved in child rearing, childhood was extended, and a sharper separation between home and work.&#10;-The middle-class white decision to extend childhood meant that African women were often brought in as domestic servants, limiting their time with their families.&#10;-Low-class women often converted their houses for lodgers, and also made small products. They were not afforded the same leisure as upper-class women.

Question 3

All of the following were an impact of European colonization of Native American families EXCEPT ______.&#10;A) widespread murder of 60%-90% of each Native group's members&#10;B) greater importance on young males&#10;C) stronger Native identities as a way to resist adaptation to European systems&#10;D) increased independence and isolation of nuclear families

Accepted Answer

The impact of European colonization on Native American families did not include a greater importance on young males. Instead, colonization often disrupted traditional social structures and gender roles within Native communities, but this did not specifically translate to an increased emphasis on young males. The other options (A, C, D) reflect documented impacts of colonization, such as massive population loss due to violence and disease (A), the strengthening of Native identities in resistance to European assimilation efforts (C), and changes in family structure towards more isolated nuclear families as a result of displacement and adaptation to European norms (D).

Question 4

The variations in family dynamics and parent-child relationships across the world demonstrate that ______.&#10;A) there is not just one correct way to define what a family is and what a healthy family looks like&#10;B) other cultures do not understand parenting&#10;C) families are the same everywhere&#10;D) although the maternal relationship may differ, the paternal relationship is always highly valued.

Accepted Answer

The variations in family dynamics and parent-child relationships across the world demonstrate that there is not just one correct way to define what a family is and what a healthy family looks like. The other options are incorrect as they are an oversimplification and do not accurately reflect the diversity of family structures and relationships across cultures.

Question 5

According to Coontz, why were African slaves who were trafficked to the United States by European colonizers able to adapt their culture while Native Americans were NOT able to do so?&#10;A) Because colonists depended on slave labor (requiring groups of African slaves), the slaves actively worked to adapt African cultural traditions and build new familial networks within the frameworks of slavery.&#10;B) African slaves had a culture similar to European colonizers.&#10;C) African slaves were not able to adapt their cultural traditions either.&#10;D) Because African slaves were trafficked from various countries in Africa, they already had a diverse culture that lent itself easily to adaptation.

Accepted Answer

Coontz argues that African slaves were able to adapt their culture while Native Americans were not due to the fact that the colonists heavily depended on slave labor, requiring groups of African slaves. As a result, African slaves actively worked to adapt their cultural traditions and build new familial networks within the frameworks of slavery. On the other hand, Native Americans were not forced into slavery in the same way and therefore did not have the same impetus to adapt their culture to fit the colonist's framework.

Question 6

Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of Native American families of North America prior to sustained contact with European colonialists?&#10;A) sharp distinctions between family duties and civil, domestic, and political duties&#10;B) kinship obligations that organized the community&#10;C) an importance on friendship and marriage&#10;D) nuclear family-owned property passed down through birth

Accepted Answer

Native American families did not typically have a nuclear family structure with owned property passed down through birth. Rather, property was often owned collectively by the community or by clans within the community.

Question 7

What can you infer from Coontz's description of sexual behavior before the 20th century?&#10;A) There were higher percentages of homosexuals in earlier times.&#10;B) Sexual behavior was not as intertwined with morality as it often is today.&#10;C) Sexual freedom of the 20th century has removed the value-laden burdens of the past.&#10;D) Close bonds between members of the same sex was highly unusual before the 20th century.

Accepted Answer

Coontz describes how sexual behavior before the 20th century was not as intertwined with morality as it often is today, suggesting that sexual behavior was not judged as harshly or prescribed as strictly in earlier times. She does not mention higher percentages of homosexuals, close bonds between members of the same sex being highly unusual, or sexual freedom removing value-laden burdens of the past.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a form of &#34;family&#34; found between the 14th and 18th centuries mentioned by Stephanie Coontz?&#10;A) a patrilocal family, in which several brothers and their wives live together under the authority of the eldest&#10;B) everyone living under the same household head, including slaves and servants&#10;C) a stem family, in which the eldest son brings his wife to live with his parents until their death&#10;D) any people who were related by blood, regardless of where they live

Accepted Answer

Stephanie Coontz mentions various forms of families such as patrilocal family, stem family, and everyone living under the same household head. However, she does not mention a definition of family as "any people who were related by blood, regardless of where they live".

Question 9

What effect did the emergence of wage labor and the specialization of occupations and professions have on gender roles in the 19th-century United States?&#10;A) Wage labor had different effects depending on the intersection of gender, class, and race.&#10;B) Men and women were both sent to work in factories, disrupting previously established gender roles of the male breadwinner and the female homemaker.&#10;C) Women were driven to work in factories specializing in fabrics, clothing, and other household goods, while men were expected to make sure the children worked outside the home.&#10;D) The men were driven to work outside the home in factories, while the women took on household duties.

Accepted Answer

The emergence of wage labor and the specialization of occupations and professions had different effects depending on the intersection of gender, class, and race. Men were generally given jobs in factories and other industries, while women were largely relegated to low-paying, low-skilled work such as textiles and clothing. However, the experiences of men and women in these roles varied depending on their socioeconomic status and race. For example, white women from middle- and upper-class backgrounds were often able to use their work in factories as a means of challenging traditional gender roles, while black women and women from working-class families often had little choice but to work in these industries and faced significant exploitation and discrimination. Overall, the rise of wage labor and occupational specialization led to significant changes in gender roles and expectations, but these changes were complicated and uneven in practice.

Question 10

Describe the major reorientation of family life that occurred for middle-class people in the 20th century and two impacts of this reorientation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the major reorientation of family life...

Deck 5: Historical Perspectives on Family Diversity